What are the conditions for a bank loan?
1. The user applying for the loan must be at least 18 years old and be a natural person with full civil capacity;
2. The applicant must hold a valid ID card or other identification;
3. Users who apply for loans must have stable income and credit to ensure timely repayment;
4. Users who apply for loans must have no other debts and no credit problems;
5. Some loans require users to provide mortgage or guarantee.
What if the bank loan is not repaid?
1. Borrow money for repayment.
2. Apply for extension, that is, extend the loan term, and the loan extension period shall not be lower than the original loan conditions. The extension of short-term loans shall not exceed the original loan term; The extension of medium-term loans shall not exceed the original loan term, and the longest term shall not exceed 3 years. If the customer fails to apply for extension or the extension application is not approved, the loan will be transferred to the overdue loan account from the day after the maturity date.
How much is the interest on the bank loan?
I. Short-term loans
1, six months (inclusive), with annual interest rate of 4.35%.
2. For half a year to one year (inclusive), the annual interest rate is 4.35%.
Second, medium and long-term loans
1, one to five years (inclusive), with an annual interest rate of 4.75%.
2. For three to five years (inclusive), the annual interest rate is 4.90%.
3. For more than five years, the annual interest rate is 4.90%.
According to the regulations of the People's Bank of China, the loan interest rates of various banks can float freely at present, so the loan interest rates of various loans of various banks will be different, and the interest to be paid for loans will be more or less.
1 1 The mortgage of listed banks stepped on the red line.
With the disclosure of the semi-annual report of A-share listed banks, the proportion of bank-related housing loans also appeared in the first half of the year.
After combing the data of housing loans disclosed by 4 1 A-share listed banks, the reporter learned that there are still 1 1 banks whose personal housing loans exceed the regulatory requirements, and 10 banks whose real estate loans exceed the "red line". On the other hand, the non-performing rate of housing-related loans of listed banks has also risen sharply, and the quality of assets is under pressure.
At the same time, most A-share listed banks meet the regulatory requirements, but many banks still choose to further reduce their loans to real estate enterprises; However, individual housing loans are divided, some banks are busy reducing the proportion, and some banks have greatly increased the proportion of individual housing loans.
Analysts said that with the tightening of domestic structural real estate regulation, banks actively implemented the "two red lines" supervision of mortgage loans to further prevent credit risks of housing enterprises. At the same time, some banks are under great pressure to rectify. Due to the regulatory transition period of 2-4 years, it is expected that most banks can complete the rectification.
Many banks set foot in mortgage loans and stepped on the red line.
On September 3rd, the China Stability Report (202 1) issued by the central bank stated that at present, the centralized management system of real estate loans has entered the normal implementation stage.
At the end of last year, the central bank and the China Banking Regulatory Commission announced the implementation of a centralized management system for real estate loans, setting "two red lines" for the ratio of real estate loans to individual housing loans by banking institutions and five standards for banks of different sizes.
In terms of the proportion of individual housing loans, the upper limits of the five grades are 32.5%, 20%, 17.5%, 12.5% and 7.5% respectively.
The reporter noted that compared with the end of last year, there are still many banks whose housing-related loans exceed the "two red lines" stipulated by the regulatory authorities. In terms of the proportion of personal housing loans, China Construction Bank, Postal Savings Bank, Industrial Bank, China Merchants Bank and other banks 1 1 exceeded the regulatory ceiling, but the pressure decreased to varying degrees compared with the end of last year.
For example, the proportion of personal loans of CCB dropped from 34.73% at the beginning of the year to 33.72%; Postal savings bank decreased by 0.65 percentage points compared with the beginning of the year; The 25.94% data of Industrial Bank also decreased by 0.6 1 percentage point from the beginning of the year, but it was still 5.94 percentage points higher than the regulatory requirements. This data of China Merchants Bank is 24.7 1%, which is 4.7 1 percentage point higher than the red line requirement.
In terms of the proportion of real estate loans, the upper limit standards given by the supervision for the five grades are 40%, 27.5%, 22.5%, 17.5% and 12.5% respectively. The semi-annual report of A-share listed banks shows that there are still 10 banks in the state of "stepping on the line".
Similar to the high proportion of personal loans, 10 institutions such as Industrial Bank, China Merchants Bank and Chengdu Bank all exceeded the regulatory standards. The real estate loans of Industrial Bank, China Merchants Bank and Chengdu Bank accounted for 34.6 1%, 32.22% and 29.44% respectively, exceeding 7. 1 1 respectively.
In the semi-annual report, Industrial Bank said, "The company will actively adapt to stricter and more detailed real estate control policies and steadily carry out real estate credit business according to the management plan of real estate loan concentration of the regulatory authorities." China Merchants Bank also stated in the semi-annual report that it will continue to strengthen the management of real estate loan concentration and promote the steady decline in the proportion of real estate loans. It is expected that the overall impact of the centralized management policy of real estate loans can be controlled.
For the reasons why there are still many banks with excessive housing loans, Everbright Bank analyst Zhou believes that first, the historical stock is large; Second, personal mortgage loans are still "high-quality assets" in the eyes of banks, while some banks are not enthusiastic about reducing pressure for fear of customer loss.
"From the perspective of banks that have touched the' red line' of supervision at present, the proportion is not serious, and domestic supervision is strengthened. It is expected that most banks can still complete rectification during the transition period. " Zhou said to him.
The proportion of real estate loans is "slimming"
In order to meet the regulatory requirements, many banks have reduced the proportion of housing-related loans in the first half of this year. The reporter combed the semi-annual reports of 4 1 A-share listed banks and found that * * * Except for the undisclosed by Shanghai Rural Commercial Bank and Zijin Bank, there were 27 banks with reduced real estate loans compared with the end of last year.
Among them, the proportion of real estate loans of the six major state-owned banks decreased compared with the beginning of the year, while that of China Bank and China Construction Bank decreased by 1.34 and 1.0 1 percentage point respectively. Among the city commercial banks, Chengdu Bank, Hangzhou Bank and Qingdao Bank. Compared with the beginning of the year, it decreased by 5.22, 2.38, 65,438 0.47 percentage points respectively.
However, in the data of individual housing loans, some banks close to the regulatory red line are busy reducing individual housing loans, while other banks with a low proportion of individual housing loans are increasing their investment in individual housing loans because of the inconsistency in space and regulatory ceiling between different listed banks.
The data shows that this indicator has declined in 20 listed banks, and the personal loans of 19 banks have increased by 0.03~7.06 percentage points compared with the beginning of the year. Among them, Hangzhou Bank currently accounts for 14.32% of personal housing loans, up 7.06 percentage points from 7.26% at the beginning of the year, which is the fastest rising among A-share banks.
However, some banks still choose to "stay put" although the proportion of individual housing loans is significantly lower than that of their peers. For example, the proportions of Ping An Bank and Zheshang Bank were only 9.0 1% and 7.03% respectively, which were 0.03 and 0. 18 percentage points higher than the beginning of the year.
Guo Shibang, deputy governor of Ping An Bank, said at the semi-annual report performance conference, "Our two indicators are still far from the regulatory requirements, but this does not mean that we have the opportunity, not that we can put in a large number of real estate loans immediately, or we must follow the regulatory requirements." Coincidentally, at the performance conference held by major banks, a number of bank executives said that they would continue to strictly control the scale and proportion of real estate loans according to regulatory requirements.
Zhou believes that the compression of bank loans will benefit small and medium-sized banks to a certain extent. At the same time, the expansion of housing-related loans of these banks will be limited by related factors. On the one hand, small and medium-sized banks should have sufficient mortgage quotas, and the requirements of small and medium-sized banks for mortgage concentration are relatively stricter; On the other hand, some small and medium-sized banks may be limited in scale and volume, and may not be able to "undertake" greater real estate financing needs. In addition, some small and medium-sized banks also need to meet the regulatory requirements of the territory when mortgage loans.
The non-performing loan ratio of some banks rebounded.
A few days ago, the report issued by the central bank pointed out that the implementation of the real estate loan concentration management system is mainly to prevent potential systemic risks, especially real estate, a key area of macro-prudential management. The implementation of this system, on the one hand, is conducive to curbing the leverage ratio of the residential sector, on the other hand, it is conducive to promoting the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.
However, judging from the semi-annual reports disclosed by listed banks, the non-performing loans of real estate in many banks have increased significantly compared with the end of 2020. After combing the semi-annual reports of 4 1 listed banks, the reporter found that among the 20 banks that disclosed the non-performing loan ratio of real estate, the data of 13 banks increased compared with the end of last year.
Specifically, the non-performing loan ratio of ICBC's real estate industry reached 4.29%, an increase of 65,438+0.97 percentage points compared with the end of last year, which was the highest among state-owned banks. The NPL ratio of China Bank's real estate loans was 4.9 1%, up by 0.23 percentage points. In addition, CCB and Bank of Communications also increased by 0.25 and 0.34 percentage points respectively.
In terms of stock banks, the NPL ratios of China Merchants Bank, Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, Minsheng Bank, Huaxia Bank, Ping An Bank and Zheshang Bank also increased, increasing by 0.77, 0.96, 0.35, 0. 16, 0.36 and 0.52 percentage points respectively compared with the end of last year.
Among the small and medium-sized banks, there are also many banks whose non-performing loans in the real estate industry have risen sharply. Take Chongqing Bank as an example. At the beginning of this year, this indicator was 3.88%. By the end of June, the non-performing loan ratio of the bank's real estate industry had reached 6.28%. The reporter noted that the non-performing rate of real estate loans of Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank is also at a high level, reaching 6. 18%.
Chongqing Rural Commercial Bank explained in the semi-annual report that "some real estate enterprises stopped working due to tight liquidity. Based on the principle of prudence, banks classify their loan risks as non-performing, but the loan collateral of this household is sufficient, and will continue to strengthen collection and disposal in the future, and gradually realize the recovery of creditor's rights. "
"Some small and medium-sized banks rely too much on mortgages or individual industries, which makes their operations greatly affected by the cyclical fluctuations of real estate or an industry; At the same time, as a special industry, banks need to guard against potential local systemic risks. It is the general trend for banks to optimize their asset-liability structure in the future. " Zhou said that for these small and medium-sized banks, their operating level and risk prevention ability need to be improved, and they should build a diversified asset structure and consolidate a sound operating foundation.