"Golden Triangle" refers to a triangle located in the border areas of Thailand, Myanmar and Laos in Southeast Asia. Because this area is rich in opium and other drugs, it is the main drug producing area in the world and is known as the "Golden Triangle". The "Golden Triangle" covers Shan, Kachin, Chiang Rai, Langnanta, phongsaly province, Udomsay in northern Chiang Mai and Luang Prabang in western China, with more than 3,000 villages and towns. The total area is 6.5438+0.94 million square kilometers.
Because most of the "Golden Triangle" areas are located in mountainous areas above 1000 meters above sea level, the climate is hot, the rainfall is abundant and the soil is fertile, which is very suitable for the growth of poppies. In addition, the dense jungle, rugged roads and traffic jams here are beyond the reach of the three governments, which provides unique conditions for poppy cultivation in politics, economy, geography and climate.
165438+20051October 4th, located in a hotel in the jungle of qingsheng county, northern Thailand. Qingsheng County, located on the Thai side of the "Golden Triangle", was a famous drug source in the past. Since the implementation of the alternative planting policy, the local poppy cultivation has fallen sharply. In order to help local farmers find jobs, the Thai authorities have also vigorously promoted the development of tourism, and now it has become one of the most popular tourist attractions for foreign tourists.
By the 1960s, it had become one of the four major drug producing areas famous for its abundant opium, and a golden area for poppy cultivation, refining, trafficking and smuggling. For a long time, there are many anti-government armed forces and other drug armed forces here, so it is also called "adventurer's paradise".
Although successive governments of the three countries have done anti-drug work, they have failed to effectively stop the development of poppy cultivation in this area. /kloc-from the end of 0/9 to the beginning of the 20th century, Britain, the United States, France and other countries successively went to this area to teach cultivation, refining and selling techniques, and bought opium. In 1950s, the first opium production climax was formed here, followed by the "golden age" in 1960s, and the output rose from dozens of tons to about 200 tons. By the early 1980s, the output had reached about 700 tons, reaching 6544. 1989 doubled, and the output reached 2400 tons. At 199 1, it has exceeded the 3000-ton mark.
In addition, there are many heroin processing plants in the "Golden Triangle" area, most of which are located in deep mountains and dense forests, and a large number of technicians operate advanced machinery and equipment to work day and night. Because the opium in the "Golden Triangle" area is of high quality, and most of it is processed into refined heroin, "sea heroin" has become a special term for high-quality heroin and is sold all over the world.
A Thai soldier guards a poppy field with a gun in Chiang Rai province.
In the "Golden Triangle" area of Thailand, there are Miao, Yao and Gelao people who have been good at growing poppies for generations. Poppy cultivation is the main source of their economic income and a shortcut to get rich. As a result, more and more people are engaged in poppy cultivation, and drug production is also increasing.
Myanmar is the country with the largest poppy cultivation area and the largest output in the "Golden Triangle" region. The people living here are mainly ethnic minorities in Myanmar, who have been growing poppies for generations. In order to resist the government and protect their opium cultivation, local residents armed themselves. Among these armed forces, the largest one is Kunsa (Khun Sa) Group, which is located on the former Myanmar-Thailand border. They have a strong and well-trained armed force of nearly 3000 people. This unit is dressed in military uniforms, well-equipped and experienced in combat.
Myanmar Yangon Anti-drug Museum completed 5438+0 in June 2006.
From the end of11970 s to the beginning of11980 s, some poppy plantations were destroyed as the Burmese and Thai troops stepped up their attacks on Kunsa Group. At the same time, the United Nations Anti-drug Fund allocated special funds to implement the policy of replacing food and coffee with poppy cultivation in the "Golden Triangle" area. In a period of time, it has achieved results, and the output of opium poppy has fallen sharply, making the "Golden Crescent" in Central Asia once replace the Golden Triangle and become the largest opium production base in the world. However, since 1986, poppy production in the "Golden Triangle" has rapidly resumed development, with a sharp increase in output, which greatly exceeded the historical record and once again became the world's number one opium production base.
Heroin trafficked through the "Golden Triangle" region accounts for 60% ~ 70% of the world total every year, and the annual output of heroin in this region can meet the global heroin consumption demand for two years. 1996 65438+ 10, the armed forces led by Kunsa surrendered to the government. However, the drug production in this area has not stopped, and it is still the second largest opium producing area in the world after the "Golden Crescent".
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Don't forget the heroism of southern Xinjiang ―― the "Blue Flag Army" that defends the country and rejects drugs;
The well-known "Golden Triangle" is one of the two largest drug dens in the world, which is tied with Colombia in South America. Little known, however,
It was the evil Englishman who planted the first poison here. It is also little known that the Manchu authorities protested the surrender of the territory in order to resist the invasion and drug cultivation by British and foreigners.
Under the leadership of Lin Honglie, the resigned magistrate, the Blue Flag Army of the Han and Dai nationalities waged an epic struggle with the British thieves in extremely difficult and helpless circumstances. ：
1825, a fully armed British expedition arrived in today's so-called "golden triangle" area, but there was no such name at that time.
Like the British who are active in other parts of the earth, this expedition is eager to explore the terrain and devour the soil and thieves. They used advanced weapons that the locals had never seen before.
Most of the aborigines were soon expelled and camped in Kokang County in the north of the Golden Triangle. Through a comprehensive survey of this area,
The British think this place is very suitable for growing opium. After three years of trial planting, it was very successful, so they began to grow opium in a large area in Kokang and Damengyang.
Most of the opium harvested was sold to Chinese mainland, poisoning China people.
At that time, the area where the British thieves were located was the China-Myanmar border, which is the main distribution area of the Shan people in Myanmar today (that is, the Dai people in China). Among them, the courage of the north,
Four counties in Banhong (the names and areas of the other two counties are unknown) belong to China and are under the jurisdiction of Yunnan Province. Therefore, the behavior of British thieves was strongly opposed by the Burmese dynasty.
The local Shan tribe rebelled, and the powerful Qing government intervened, so it was quickly expelled.
However, the British and foreigners, whose basic national policy is aggression and expansion, have fully realized the economic value of Myanmar and its geostrategic value as the invasion of the Chinese Empire in the future.
As a result, British India was quickly used as a base for waging war against Myanmar, and was twice occupied by armed forces, destroying the Burmese dynasty and merging into India to become a province.
1840, the first opium war between China and Britain, the Qing Empire was defeated. Since then, this 5,000-year-old empire has the same great dignity as its vast territory.
It was quickly annexed by the emerging western powers.
1On July 24th, 886, under the coercion of the British and foreigners, the Qing Dynasty signed the humiliating Sino-British Conference Treaty on Myanmar, which changed the courage of southern Yunnan.
Banhong County was ceded to Yingyi. In this way, the British and foreigners completely controlled the Golden Triangle and began to sow the seeds of evil in this land.
Lin Honglie, former county magistrate of Kokang County. After being boldly ceded, he angrily resigned as the magistrate of Che (Jinghong) granted by the Qing court and led 1000 loyal officers and men.
Against English thieves alone.
Luo Zhiman, a local Shan leader, strongly opposed the cultivation of opium by the British and foreigners and fought against British thieves. Lu Bu was quickly brutally suppressed by the British army.
Forced to lead the remnants back into the mountains and persist in fighting. After Lin Honglie set out, Luo Zhiman led a mutiny and formed an "anti-British blue flag army" with Lin.
After the formation of the Blue Flag Army, Lin Honglie was appointed as a grand marshal and Luo Zhi was appointed as a general. He recruited brave soldiers and enlisted more than 20,000 people to fight against the British for a long time.
. The blue flag army confronted the British army for five or six years, during which a large number of opium fields were destroyed, and the effective forces of the British army were annihilated and effectively attacked.
Unable to do anything about this army, the British and foreigners used diplomatic means to pressure the Qing court to send troops to cooperate with the suppression of the blue flag army. The corrupt Qing government was forced to accept this request.
Alas, the loyal and skillful Blue Flag Army was attacked on both sides and had no reinforcements. Although it was a desperate battle, it was outnumbered and began to retreat.
In the end, Lin Honglie and Luo Zhiman led 5,000 soldiers back to the Sawen River and were besieged by the British and Qing armies. Five thousand elites finally ran out of ammunition and food, and all died heroically.
After the defeat of the Blue Flag Army, the British and foreigners let the local people plant opium vigorously, and finally made the Golden Triangle area become today's opium base.
It has become the birthplace of drugs strongly accused by western authorities, including the British government today. The four counties of Kokang and Banhong, which belong to China, are still controlled by Myanmar.
When I got the information for writing this article, I felt a lot, but I summarized it as three points:
1) I sincerely admire the soldiers of the Blue Flag Army headed by Lin Honglie, who fought alone to defend the country in the extremely difficult environment in southern Xinjiang and eventually died heroically.
Power and patriotism are self-evident. Marshal Lin Honglie, in particular, took being an official as his greatest pursuit in the humanistic environment at that time.
Under the social reality that the magistrate in the border region is an out-and-out "local emperor", and under the humiliating situation that the land is abandoned and the border people are about to be enslaved, they have not dragged out an ignoble existence.
He resolutely resigned and chose the road of bloody struggle. Although he finally failed and devoted himself, he wrote another great chapter of the Chinese nation with his own life, persevering, defending his country and refusing drugs.
For the sake of future generations, we must never forget!
2) After a century of humiliation, the ancient empire lost its endless territory and dignity. However, while paying attention to Mongolia, Kuye and Sulsufer and rejoicing for the return of Hong Kong and Macao,
We must never forget that there is still a territory controlled by foreign countries in the far south of Xinjiang. If we can't recover these lost lands, how can we face the challenge of opening up territory for us?
The ancestors who guarded the border with blood.
3) Britain is one of the leading countries in drug control today. Show determination, throw money, support international anti-drug organizations, and think that they suffer the most.
Make it into a "bitter cauliflower" shape. But I don't know whether he is playing dumb or really stupid. The earliest big drug dealer is better than the current "Colombian drug trafficking group" or "Golden Triangle drug trafficking group"
I don't know how many drug trafficking organizations are, that is, the ancestor of Princess Diana, her former mother-in-law, romantic, gentle, virtuous and caring! Judging from the nature of army building and the purpose of its activities,
The anti-British Blue Flag Army is the earliest armed anti-drug organization in the world.
Poppy is not native to the Golden Triangle. The drug problem in the Golden Triangle is closely related to the constant changes in politics and international relations in this region. It is the influence of internal and external political forces that leads to the continuous strengthening and development of opium economy and eventually becomes one of the most important drug empires in the world. The drug problem in the Golden Triangle area is getting more and more serious. From the development of history, region, drug quantity and drug quality, the drug development in the Golden Triangle can be simply divided into several stages: the colonial era (marked by the end of the Dien Bien Phu campaign in 1954), the remnant era of the Kuomintang (as long as 1950) and the Vietnam War era (spanning 65438+1966) Khun Sa era (around 10+1980) and post-Khun Sa era (since Khun Sa surrendered): from the perspective of changes in opium-producing areas, they are: Laos era, Thailand-Myanmar border era and Myanmar-North border era; In terms of quantity, it is a leap-forward increase in drug planting area and opium production; From the quality point of view, it is the continuous development of drug types, which has experienced the transformation from the traditional "opium kingdom" to "heroin kingdom" and "ice kingdom".