1, less arable land

199 Japan's cultivated land was 4.87 million hectares, and the average cultivated land area owned by each farmer in Dufu County was less than 1.2 hectares, while that owned by each farmer in Hokkaido was only 16.2 hectares, which was far from the large-scale operation in Europe and America.

2. The utilization efficiency of cultivated land is high.

A large number of grains are produced centrally. 1 year to plant double-cropping rice. Vegetables are grown in plastic greenhouses and greenhouses. From 65438 to 0998, the grain output per hectare reached 5849 kilograms.

3, agricultural technology progress

Through techniques such as heat preservation seedling raising, variety improvement and pesticide and fertilizer improvement, the yield per mu of Japanese crops has been greatly improved. Through plastic shed and greenhouse technology, 1 can cultivate Japanese vegetables all the year round. In the future, Japan will further develop biotechnology such as genetic modification and develop new varieties.

4. The use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides has decreased.

1997 fertilizer year (from July of that year to June of the following year), the fertilizer consumption in Japan is 15 10000 tons. Recently, in order to produce high-quality rice, the use of chemical fertilizers has declined. In order to cultivate non-pesticide and less pesticide crops, the use of pesticides began to decline from 1985.

5. Agricultural mechanization

After the war, there was a shortage of young labor in Japan, and agricultural mechanization was rapidly popularized with rice as the center. At present, most agricultural production in Japan has been mechanized, and the large-scale and high-performance agricultural machinery has been developing continuously.

6. Decline of soil fertility

With agricultural mechanization and perennial cultivation, microorganisms and nutrients in cultivated soil in Japan are insufficient, and soil fertility is declining.

7. The decrease of farmers and the aging of agricultural population.

1999 had 3.24 million Japanese farmers, half of whom were 6 million in 1950. 1999, about 50% of agricultural employees are over 65 years old, and the agricultural population is seriously aging.

8. Reclassify farmers.

In recent years, the children of traditional Japanese farmers began to engage in other industries, and Japanese farmers were re-divided, mainly into full-time farmers and part-time farmers.

9. Borrowing land for farming has increased.

In order to improve their competitiveness, farmers have increased cultivated land, but recently the situation of borrowing land for farming has surpassed that of buying land for farming.

10, companies and groups involved in agricultural production

Due to the decrease of farmers and agricultural laborers and the increase of agricultural legal persons, farmers began to set up companies, associations, agricultural cooperatives and other groups to carry out large-scale production, and there were 6860 agricultural groups from 65438 to 0999. These groups are mainly engaged in raising chickens, planting rice, raising cattle and raising pigs. In addition, there are 13 and 120 institutions serving rice production and circulation.

1 1, and the grain self-sufficiency rate is low.

Japan's self-sufficient cereals and livestock products are limited to rice and eggs. 1998, the self-sufficiency rates of rice and eggs were 95% and 96% respectively. However, due to the low prices of foreign agricultural products, Japan's imports of agricultural products from overseas have increased, while domestic production has declined. 198 The self-sufficiency rate of fruits is 49%, meat 55%, fish and shellfish 66%, vegetables 84%, wheat 9% and soybeans 3%.

12, a large number of grain imports

1997 Japan's imported corn ranks first in the world. In addition, soybeans, wheat, sugar and beef are also imported in large quantities. 110 of the world agricultural trade volume is imported from Japan.

Malaysia's main agricultural products are palm oil, rubber and rice. Apart from vegetable oil, most of the food and feed consumed in Malaysia need to be imported. Malaysian agricultural products are mainly used to meet the domestic market demand.

Malaysia does not produce wheat. In recent five years, the average annual import of wheat was 6.5438+0.28 million tons, and the domestic consumption of wheat was 6.5438+0.10.20 million tons. Corn production in Malaysia is very low. In the past five years, the average annual import of corn was 2.4 million tons, and the domestic feed consumption was 2.29 million tons. Malaysia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. The development of animal husbandry has led to a sharp increase in soybean imports, with an average annual import of 595,000 tons in the past five years.

According to the statistics of the United States Department of Agriculture, in 2002/2003, Malaysia imported 6,543,800 tons of wheat, exported 6,543,800 tons, and consumed 6,543,800 tons of wheat at home. The corn output is 70,000 tons, the import is 2.46 million tons, and the domestic consumption is 25 1 10,000 tons; The output of rice is 6.5438+0.47 million tons, the import is 500,000 tons and the domestic consumption is 6.5438+0.95 million tons. Soybean imports are 780,000 tons, and domestic consumption is 740,000 tons.

There are 1 1 wheat flour processing plants in Malaysia. Most processing companies belong to large companies, and their business scope also involves other agricultural fields (such as feed processing, palm oil, transportation, packaging, etc. ).

Although rice is the most important food, the per capita annual consumption of wheat food is about 39 kilograms. Noodles are mainly exported to Australia and Southeast Asian countries.

Australia has always been Malaysia's largest supplier of wheat. However, in recent years, Malaysian wheat imports from India, China, Ukraine and Kazakhstan have gradually increased.

The average annual demand for mixed feed in Malaysia is about 6,543,800 tons. Among them, the domestic commodity feed processing industry produces about 600 thousand tons of compound feed every year; The compound feed produced by large farms is about 400 thousand tons, which is mainly reserved for personal use. There are about 76 processing plants in domestic commercial feed processing industry. More than two-thirds of the total output of domestic commodity feed processing industry is used for poultry industry, and the rest is used for pig industry. The main components of domestic feed are corn, sorghum, rice bran, wheat bran, fish meal and oilseed meal.

Rice is the main local food. The government regards rice production as one of the important guarantees to ensure national food security, and the goal is to achieve 70% rice self-sufficiency. This goal has been achieved in recent years.

Since 1997, the government's rice support price has been maintained at RM 55/100 kg rice and RM 5 1.69100 kg rice. In addition, all farmers can get a subsidy of 25 Malaysian ringgit/100 kg of rice as long as they sell the rice to a certified processing factory.

Malaysia does not produce soybeans, and all the soybeans it needs are imported. Soybean imports mainly come from Argentina, Australia and the United States. The soybean import in 2002/2003 was 775,000 tons. For many years, soybean imports have been exempted from customs duties. Domestic soybean consumption for food production increased by 4% every year, reaching1350,000 tons in 2002/2003 and1400,000 tons in 2003/2004. Soybean foods are mainly tofu, soybean milk, soy sauce and so on. So far, the only genetically modified crop variety officially approved for import in Malaysia is soybean.

Malaysia is the largest palm kernel producer in the world. The output of palm kernel in 2002/2003 was 3.53 million tons. Palm kernels are not exported in China, but are all used for squeezing in China.