As the key cause of cardiovascular diseases, hyperlipidemia refers to the situation that the content of one or more lipid components in plasma is higher than normal, which is mostly caused by abnormal fat metabolism or operation in human body, also known as hyperlipidemia.

Improper diet and excessive intake of fat and cholesterol will increase the incidence of hyperlipidemia. With the increasing pressure of life in modern society and the uncontrolled intake of high-fat food, hyperlipidemia has become the number one chronic killer of human health.

Atherosclerosis is the most direct physical injury of hyperlipidemia. Once the arterial blood vessels of human body are blocked by atherosclerotic plaque, the blood supply and oxygen supply of cells in the whole body will be abnormal, causing fatal diseases such as stroke and renal failure.

In addition, hyperlipidemia is also the key cause of fatty liver, acute pancreatitis and diabetes, which seriously threatens the life safety of patients.

In recent years, more and more people have become "prisoners" of hyperlipidemia. In order to keep healthy, taking hypolipidemic drugs regularly has become the choice of most people. Statins are widely used lipid-regulating drugs at present. So take statins to lower blood fat. Do you know these dietary taboos?

Clinical common statins can be divided into seven kinds: atorvastatin, lovastatin and fluvastatin. According to the severity of the disease and drug sensitivity, the types of statins are different. Generally speaking, the rate of lowering LDL cholesterol after taking medicine should be controlled between 30% and 50%.

Statins, as the most effective lipid-lowering drugs on the market at present, can reduce the occurrence probability and death risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. By competitively inhibiting the secretion and synthesis of endogenous cholesterol, the pharmaceutical components in statins can block the metabolic pathway of mevalonate in cells.

To some extent, it can reduce the contents of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein in human body and achieve obvious lipid-lowering effect. In addition to lipid-lowering, statins can also inhibit the inflammatory reaction of vascular endothelium, improve the function of vascular endothelium, and have anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic and neuroprotective effects, so they are widely used in the treatment of patients with acute coronary syndrome.

For chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, the longer patients receive lipid-lowering treatment, the lower the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular malignant diseases. Therefore, statins can be taken as an effective lipid-lowering drug for a long time after excluding contraindications and tolerance.

Statins, as the first choice of hypolipidemic drugs, can effectively reduce blood lipids, reverse the process of plaque formation and obviously inhibit the process of atherosclerosis. However, as a drug, long-term high-dose statins also have different degrees of adverse drug reactions.

The following situations are common adverse reactions after taking statins.

1, liver injury. The therapeutic mechanism of statins is to control blood lipids by inhibiting the excessive synthesis, secretion and transformation of endogenous cholesterol in the liver.

In addition, as the metabolic organ of the body, most drugs need to be metabolized in the liver. Taking statins in large doses for a long time will increase the working pressure of the liver. Once overworked, it will also form irreversible liver damage.

Clinical data show that after taking statins, most patients will show signs of elevated transaminase. If proper protective measures are not taken, when transaminase rises to more than three times the normal standard, patients are likely to have symptoms of hepatitis such as fatigue and vomiting, which can be life-threatening in severe cases.

2, muscle pain. Due to the inhibitory effect of statins on glutamyl coenzyme, the metabolism of human cells is abnormal after taking statins, which increases the probability of cell necrosis.

Once the rhabdomyocyte is necrotic, the integrity of the cell changes, and the contents of the muscle cell leak into the vascular cavity and extracellular fluid, so rhabdomyolysis syndrome such as myalgia, fatigue and brown urine will follow.

Generally speaking, after taking statins, if there is symmetrical pain and fatigue in many muscles such as thighs, buttocks and back, it proves that the cells of the body have been necrotic to varying degrees, and it is necessary to stop taking the drugs as soon as possible.

3, dizziness and insomnia. In addition to cell damage, statins also have certain effects on the nervous system, especially in elderly patients, and the abnormal performance of the nervous system caused by long-term medication is more obvious.

In order to prevent harmful substances in blood from entering the brain, a layer of key structural tissue called blood-brain barrier grows between the brain and blood, which can effectively prevent brain abnormalities.

However, as fat-soluble drugs, some statins can directly enter the brain tissue without being controlled by the blood-brain barrier, and then affect the cranial nerve system, resulting in dizziness, fatigue, insomnia and other adverse reactions after taking the drug.

1, patients with hepatic and renal insufficiency or abnormality. Statins pass through metabolic organs such as liver and kidney during metabolism, which will increase the burden of organs to a certain extent and make them operate excessively.

For patients with abnormal liver and kidney function, such as liver cirrhosis and renal failure, long-term use of statins is likely to aggravate the condition of liver and kidney, and then endanger life.

2. Pregnant and lactating women. For the fetus or newborn baby, their main source of nutrition is the mother, so the mother's medication habits are very important to their health.

After taking statins for a long time, the therapeutic components in the drugs will enter the fetus or baby with body fluids, which will affect their normal growth and development and increase the risk of fetal malformation or congenital liver and renal insufficiency.

For other chronic cardiovascular diseases such as hyperlipidemia, treatment is always a long-term process. It is necessary to take medicine regularly, at the same time, cooperate with diet conditioning, give full play to the role of medicine itself, and further ensure good health.

1, grapefruit fruit. In order to inhibit the synthesis and secretion of cholesterol, statins will produce a specific enzyme to help the body establish a decomposition channel. The components contained in grapefruit fruit will inhibit the activity of enzymes in drugs and increase the blood concentration of patients, thus producing a series of uncomfortable symptoms.

In addition, the rich coumarin in grapefruit fruit will meet with CYP3A4 enzyme produced by liver metabolism of drugs, thus inhibiting the normal decomposition process of statins in the body, leading to adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting, and even inducing rhabdomyolysis syndrome in severe cases, which is life-threatening. During taking statins, patients should avoid eating grapefruit and other grapefruit fruits.

2. alcohol. Like drugs, alcohol needs to be metabolized by the liver after entering the human body. People who drink alcohol for a long time have lower liver and kidney functions than normal people and are more prone to adverse drug reactions.

Regular drinking will not only affect the absorption rate of statins, but also directly harm the liver and other detoxification organs, increase the risk of liver diseases such as cirrhosis and fatty liver, thus affecting the normal metabolism of drugs and liver health.

In addition, excessive drinking will also increase the content of transaminase in the body. When transaminase rises to a certain value, the liver can't absorb drugs normally, which is easy to delay the illness.

3. Fried food. One of the hazards of hyperlipidemia is that high viscosity blood drug concentration can easily block blood vessels, affect normal blood supply, lead to blood supply or oxygen supply crisis of important organs such as the heart, and threaten life and health.

Fried food, such as hot pot, fried chicken, hamburger, etc. It has high fat content and excessive food flavoring agent, which provides a powerful condition for lipid precipitation in blood vessels to attach to the blood vessel wall, further increasing the risk of vascular access being blocked.

Excessive intake of fried food will not only cause excessive cholesterol and sodium ions in the blood, but also interfere with the normal lipid metabolism of human body, affect the absorption effect of statins and delay the treatment of diseases.

Therefore, patients with hyperlipidemia should avoid eating fried food during taking statins and ensure a light diet to better promote the absorption of drugs.

It's a three-point poison Statins, as the most common lipid-lowering drugs, have different effects on different patients. In order to grasp the therapeutic effect during taking medicine in time and avoid the occurrence of adverse reactions, these tests must be done before and after taking medicine.

1, blood lipid test. As a standard to measure the efficacy of lipid-lowering drugs, the content of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is a key index to judge whether statins play a role.

Generally speaking, the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol content should be controlled below 2.6mmol/L for patients with common hyperlipidemia, while it should be below 1.8 mmol/L for those who have had malignant cardiovascular diseases.

After taking the drug for 3-6 months, patients need to go to the hospital for blood lipid examination to know their downward trend in time, so as to replace ineffective drugs or adjust the dose in time to avoid further deterioration of their condition.

2. Liver and kidney function examination. In order to prevent some components in drugs from damaging liver and kidney function, patients should regularly monitor their liver and kidney function indexes after taking statins for a period of time.

Serum transaminase is an important index to judge the status of liver and kidney. People with normal liver and kidney function usually need to check liver enzymes and renal function after taking 1 month. If there is no obvious abnormality, they should check up every 6- 12 months to monitor their physical data.

Patients with severe hepatic and renal insufficiency or abnormal increase of serum transaminase more than 3 times the normal value after taking the medicine should stop taking the medicine or reduce it according to the doctor's advice.

3. Blood sugar test. Blood sugar monitoring is also one of the important monitoring data for health examination of patients with hyperlipidemia. Judging from the existing cases, after taking statins, some people will have clinical manifestations of elevated blood sugar.

Clinical data show that about 40% people in China have dyslipidemia, especially middle-aged and elderly people.

Traditionally, most people know little about the possible health threats caused by hyperlipidemia. Some people even think that hyperlipidemia does not need special treatment because of its hidden disease characteristics and no obvious symptoms in the early stage. But as a "chronic killer" of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular health, the subtle and irreversible damage of hyperlipidemia to blood vessels must be paid attention to.

1, hypertension. Because the blood viscosity is too high, lipid precipitation will block the blood supply and increase the probability of atherosclerosis after attaching to the vascular lumen. When yellow atherosclerotic plaque appears in the intima of blood vessels, and then ulcer bleeding occurs, the increase of blood flow resistance will cause myocardial dysfunction and lead to continuous increase of blood pressure. Once the human body forms hypertension, blood vessels will continue to be in a state of spasm, which will easily lead to cerebral vascular rupture and bleeding, leading to hemorrhagic stroke or cerebral thrombosis.

2, coronary heart disease. Atherosclerosis is the most common symptom of coronary heart disease. When there are too many lipid substances in blood vessels, the blood flow rate will slow down, and at the same time, porridge precipitation will adhere to the blood vessel wall with oxidative rancidity, forming arteriosclerosis. With the decrease of arterial blood flow and myocardial blood injection, coronary heart disease will follow.

1, keep exercising. Moderate exercise has obvious effect on cleaning up lipid deposits accumulated in blood vessels. While taking statins to control blood lipids, middle-aged and elderly people can improve metabolism and promote the decomposition of blood lipids through moderate aerobic exercise, and ensure smooth vascular access while strengthening cardiopulmonary function.

Considering that the elasticity of blood vessels in middle-aged and elderly people is relatively poor, when choosing exercise intensity, middle-aged and elderly people must avoid long-term strenuous exercise to prevent blood vessels from being squeezed and broken.

2. Optimize your lifestyle. Regular life rhythm also plays a certain role in the prevention of hyperlipidemia. During taking medicine, middle-aged and elderly patients should pay more attention to their emotional control and try to avoid negative emotions such as overwork, anxiety and anger.

3. Pay attention to a balanced diet. A light diet and balanced nutrition are the key factors for middle-aged and elderly people to develop good living habits. Compared with young people, middle-aged and elderly people have lower basal metabolic rate and lower energy supply. For middle-aged and elderly people with hyperlipidemia, the daily energy intake of each person should be controlled within 29 kcal/kg body weight, and the intake of fruits and vegetables should be increased.

Under the pressure of fast-paced life in modern society, more and more young people have joined the ranks of hyperlipidemia patients because of the upside down of day and night and irregular diet, and gradually reduced the age of hyperlipidemia to the younger generation.

As the "invisible killer" of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, the harm of hyperlipidemia is not limited to physical discomfort. Fatal complications such as myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction will multiply the risk factors.

Even if statins have obvious lipid-lowering effect, it does not mean that you can bid farewell to the life threat of hyperlipidemia and its complications once and for all after taking them. In addition to using drugs to control blood lipid concentration, in daily life, patients with hyperlipidemia should also pay attention to cultivating a healthy life schedule, develop the habit of regularly monitoring physical data, and minimize the threat of hyperlipidemia to health.