First, after the implementation of "decentralization, strengthening supervision and improving services", it has not had a positive impact on the improvement of administrative efficiency, or the effect is not obvious, and there is still no clear boundary between politics and business. First of all, the list submitted in administrative examination and approval is not standardized and clear enough. Since the reform, the service level of administrative examination and approval has not been improved. For the institutions involved in the examination and approval, the detailed list was not published in time, and the differentiated audit detailed list with objections was not seen by the public, so it could not be open and transparent.
Secondly, government officials dare not assume their own responsibilities, nor dare they act "ultra vires" easily. Personal situation is not well reflected and cannot be fully included in the policy. On the contrary, relevant policies only make some general restrictions according to relevant laws and regulations, including general and non-targeted provisions. According to the "no access" rule, rights should be entrusted to certain executors.
Third, a friendly and clear relationship should be established between the government and commercial enterprises. The government should fully support the development of private enterprises. However, civil servants either alienate enterprises for "purity" or are accused of being "pro-government". Finally, the failure to change government leaders frequently is quite unfavorable to the rapid development of economy and trade, and even shakes the stable political and economic foundation.
Second, the phenomenon of "three access control" is widespread, which makes the majority of private enterprises unable to get normal treatment. First of all, "transparent doors" can be seen everywhere and are repeatedly banned. Although the relevant departments have formulated a series of policies and regulations, which seem reasonable, they still encounter hidden obstacles in the specific operation of private enterprises.
Second, discrimination is prevalent. Because China is now in the primary stage of market reform, various systems coexist and the implementation of policies is restricted by various factors, it is impossible to achieve it from beginning to end. Finally, although the attitude of some government leaders has eased after the reform, some subtle problems still exist, which cannot be solved by private enterprises themselves.
Third, private enterprises have not solved the problem of financing difficulties, which makes the number of new financial products far from meeting the market demand. First of all, it is difficult for private enterprises to borrow money. The financial sector, led by banks, has strict control over private enterprise loans, and its loan quota is limited, which still favors state-owned enterprise loans. Some state-owned enterprises still issue unused loans to private enterprises at the annual interest rate of 12% ~ 15%. Secondly, it is more difficult for private enterprises to carry out financing activities under the condition of imperfect credit system. Especially for light private enterprises, it is difficult to get loans because there are not many materials to mortgage. Thirdly, some agricultural means of production (such as vegetable greenhouses) cannot be used as mortgage loans, and land ownership certificates cannot be used as mortgage loans (banks do not recognize them).
Some provincial and municipal finance bureaus have tried to jointly guarantee with the Agricultural Committee, but the cost of guarantee is unbearable, the income is very limited, and it has not received good results and the economic benefits are not great. Finally, government procurement projects without mortgage loans have encountered obstacles. According to the regulations, 50% ~ 80% of government procurement projects with bank loans are not mortgaged, but most private enterprises can hardly meet the requirements of government procurement. Even if they gain power and lack government procurement procedures, they can't get loans.
Fourth, the policy of serving small and micro enterprises is not perfect, and small and micro enterprises are fighting alone. Private enterprises are mostly small and medium-sized enterprises, which are active market players and have good development prospects. However, in this process, they need the government to take some necessary support measures. For example, some southern provinces can provide government procurement services for SMEs. On the premise that small and medium-sized enterprises sign marketing service contracts, the relevant departments will pay the service fees. However, there are no relevant service terms for small and micro enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.
Fifth, another important reason for the lack of competitiveness of private enterprises is that some things are unreasonable, such as the talent policy structure. First, differentiation, employment policies within and outside the system cannot be treated equally. The level of housing subsidy and unit housing accumulation fund in the system is high, and the treatment of employees is generally high. The private enterprises in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei can't afford such a high expenditure. Therefore, the competitiveness of talents in these fields is generally reduced.
Second, the unfair talent treatment policy. Units pay different attention to the original internal talents and imported talents, and generally pay attention to the treatment of foreign talents, while the treatment of talents in the original enterprises is reduced, which affects the enthusiasm of the original talents. This situation also exists in the policy of attracting investment. The government attaches more importance to foreign enterprises than local enterprises, which leads to local enterprises losing their development advantages and gradually falling behind foreign enterprises.
Third, the resettlement policy for scientific researchers cannot be implemented, and the treatment of scientific and technological personnel is not good. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region does not even have relevant policies in this regard. In foreign countries, the treatment ratio of scientific and technical personnel to ordinary employees is 1: 8, and in China it is 1: 1. To build a national advanced manufacturing R&D base, it is necessary to cultivate a large number of talents for transforming scientific and technological achievements. At present, such talents are in a state of extreme shortage. The introduction of short-board talents requires inclined policy support.
Fourth, private high-tech talents have too heavy tax burden and too much personal income tax.
2 Countermeasures to improve the business environment of private enterprises
The first is to build a people-friendly and business-friendly culture, implement auditing, positive and negative list systems, and explore the performance appraisal system for civil servants. First, guide cadres at all levels to change their service concepts. Combine the construction of community culture with the "two studies and one work" study and education activities in party member, and give priority to training party member cadres to become the leaders and promoters of this work. Discipline inspection and supervision departments should promptly punish civil servants who evade their responsibilities and make things difficult for businessmen.
Second, the administrative examination and approval department shall, in accordance with laws, regulations and the spirit of the document, formulate and publish the examination and approval list by relevant departments, clarify the details of the specification, submit the examination and approval for different types of documents, and strive to complete the examination and approval.
The third is to establish a positive and negative list of private enterprise services. The positive list stipulates the duties that civil servants must perform, and the negative list stipulates the bottom line that is strictly forbidden. The fourth is to explore the implementation of the civil service performance appraisal system. Formulate and implement a performance appraisal system for civil servants at all levels focusing on administrative efficiency and service performance, and link the assessment results with civil servants' salaries and promotion. The fifth is to establish a direct communication platform between government departments and private enterprises to promote the harmony between government and enterprises.
The second is to deepen the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" reform and build a two-way mechanism to restrict public power and market players by using Internet+government services. First, deepen the reform of the regulatory system and continue to promote decentralization. Create a free competitive, fair and orderly market environment and get rid of the government's control over private enterprises and dependence on the government. The second is to make full use of the electronic network platform to build a network information sharing platform. Submit the detailed list of materials and the completion time through the online platform publishing process, implement online approval or online pre-approval, and submit the approval materials offline at one time. The third is to build a two-way restraint mechanism between public power and private capital. Through the combination of autonomy, rule of law and rule of virtue, a two-way restriction mechanism between public power and private enterprises is established.
Third, further broaden the construction of financing channels, establish and improve the property right mortgage system and credit linkage sharing system, and give full play to the role of business associations. The specific methods are as follows: First, establish relevant systems for joint mobilization and enjoyment. Improve the existing personal and corporate credit information systems, smooth the urban and national credit information networks, and realize the application and interconnection of credit information systems.
Second, explore the financing method of light asset private enterprise credit+joint guarantee. Promote the development and innovation of light asset financial products. The measures for the administration of joint guarantee loans guaranteed by the Municipal Finance Bureau, the association guarantee and the administrative department's limited liability guarantee, or financial institutions such as banks implement the combination of enterprise credit and entrepreneur credit rating, chambers of commerce and other forms.
Third, we can improve the financing system of intellectual property pledge. It is suggested to set up a technical guarantee company to ensure that small and medium-sized technology enterprises can use equity securities such as patents, trademarks and accounts receivable as loan guarantees.
Fourth, the implementation of land property pledge financing. Banks and other financial institutions will speed up the formulation of land contractual management rights and pledge financing methods for land management warrants, and explore real estate mortgage financing methods such as rural steel structure greenhouses.
Fourth, improve the talent appeasement policy, improve the basic service institutions in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and strengthen and enhance the vitality of private enterprises. The first is to build the infrastructure of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei functional area and expand urban applications. Such as strengthening the expansion of urban public service facilities such as residential housing, tourism and rental housing, and enhancing the urban population capacity.
The second is to formulate preferential policies for high-end talents in private enterprises, such as implementing children's schooling policies, improving preschool education, reducing personal income tax, basic education and community medical service institutions, and improving the quality of education and medical services.
The third is to increase the scope of housing construction for migrant workers and office workers to meet the housing needs of employees in private enterprises.
Fifth, formulate special support measures for small and medium-sized enterprises, especially enhance the activity ability of private enterprises and intensify supply-side reform. Relevant purchasing departments will introduce more raw materials from private enterprises. First, learn from other regions and formulate relevant policies to provide convenience for small and medium-sized enterprises. Adopt the support policy of "enterprises determine demand, markets determine products, and the government pays the bill" to minimize the basic operating expenses of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Secondly, in government procurement, we should formulate relevant bidding projects according to the situation of small and medium-sized enterprises, improve the probability of winning the bid of these units, and further enhance the competitiveness of these enterprises.