Apple, called Taopo in ancient times, is sweet, sour and nutritious, and is one of the fruits suitable for all ages [2]. Its nutritional value and medical value are very high, and it is called "the first medicine for doctors" by more and more people. Many Americans think that apples are a necessity to lose weight. They go on a diet one day a week and eat apples on this day, which is called "Apple Day".

efficacy

Vitamin C in apples is a protector of cardiovascular system and a healthy element for patients with heart disease.

People who eat more apples are much less likely to catch a cold than those who don't eat or eat less apples. Therefore, some scientists and doctors call apples "all-round healthy fruits" or "general practitioners". Now the air pollution is more serious. Eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function and protect the lungs from dust and smoke in the air.

The colloid and carrier element chromium in apple can keep blood sugar stable, so apple is not only a healthy snack for diabetics, but also an essential fruit for everyone who wants to control blood sugar. But also can effectively lower cholesterol.

Apples can also prevent cancer and lead poisoning.

Chinese medicine believes that apples have the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, moistening lung to relieve annoyance, invigorating spleen and stomach, nourishing heart and benefiting qi, moistening intestine to stop diarrhea, relieving summer heat and sobering up.

Nowadays, the pace of urban life is very tense, and professional people are under great pressure. Many people have different degrees of tension and depression. At this time, picking up an apple and smelling it will relieve the bad mood and refresh your mind.

Expectant mothers eat an apple every day, which can reduce the reaction during pregnancy.

Eating apples can not only lose weight, but also help digestion. It's good for the elderly. Apple contains a variety of vitamins, minerals, sugars, fats and so on. It constitutes an essential nutrient for the brain. The fiber in apple is beneficial to the growth and development of children and can promote the growth and development. Zinc in apples is beneficial to children's memory and can enhance their memory. But the acid in apples will corrode teeth, so it is best to rinse your mouth after eating apples.

Applicable people

It is very suitable for infants, the elderly and patients.

Applicable amount

Eating 1-2 apples a day is enough to achieve the above effect.

Men should eat more apples than women, because apples can lower cholesterol.

Apples are rich in nutrition. Chewing slowly when eating apples is not only conducive to digestion, but also conducive to reducing human diseases.

Don't eat fruit before meals, so as not to affect normal eating and digestion.

Apples are rich in sugar and potassium salt, so patients with nephritis and diabetes should not eat more.

Main nutrients [3]

(included in each 100g)

Component name content component name content component name content content

Edible portion 86 Moisture (g) 85.8 Energy (kcal) 50

Energy (kilojoules) 209 protein (grams) 0.2 Fat (grams) 0.2

Carbohydrate (g) 13.6 dietary fiber (g) 1.7 cholesterol (mg) 0

Ash 0.2 Vitamin A (mg) 8 Carotene (mg) 50

Retinol (mg) 0 thiamine (mg) 0 riboflavin (mg) 0.0 1

Nicotinic acid 0.2 vitamin C 1 vitamin E(T) (mg) 0

a-E 0 (β-γ)-E 0 δ-E 0

Calcium (mg) 4 phosphorus (mg) 0 potassium (mg) 70

Sodium (mg) 0.6 magnesium (mg) 0 iron (mg) 0.6

Zinc (mg) 0 Selenium (μ g) 0.03 Copper (mg) 0

Manganese (mg) 0 iodine (mg) 0

2.3. Dietotherapy value

2.3. 1. efficacy

There are many kinds of apples, such as Guoguang, Green Banana, Huang Xiangjiao, Red Star, Zhuguang and Shengli. It is cultivated in Northeast China, North China, East China, Northwest China, Sichuan and Yunnan. Harvest fruits in summer and autumn when they are ripe, wash them for fresh use, or slice them and dry them in the sun.

Sweet taste, slightly sour, cool nature, spleen and lung meridians entered. Has the effects of promoting fluid production to quench thirst, clearing away heat, relieving vexation, moistening lung, stimulating appetite, invigorating spleen and relieving diarrhea.

Indications: Qi deficiency, dyspepsia, qi stagnation, mild diarrhea, constipation, vexation with heat and thirst, excessive drinking, hypertension, etc.

Reference contains sucrose, reducing sugar, malic acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, quinic acid, alcohol, pectin, vitamin C, potassium and sodium.

Apple injection without pectin can raise blood sugar, induce diuresis, adjust intestinal function (make it too excited or inhibited to be normalized) and slightly prevent the antihypertensive effect of deoxycorticosterone on rats.

Usage: It can be used for vexation and thirst, or excessive drinking; Dyspepsia or spleen yin deficiency, eat less diarrhea.

Usage: eat raw, wring juice, boil paste, or grind dry products into powder and decoct soup.

2.3.2. Nutritional analysis:

1. Colloid and trace element chromium in apples can keep blood sugar stable and effectively lower cholesterol;

2. In the air pollution environment, eating more apples can improve the respiratory system and lung function, and protect the lungs from pollution and smoke;

3. Polyphenols and flavonoids contained in apples are natural chemical antioxidants, which can reduce the risk of lung cancer and prevent lead poisoning;

4. Apple's unique fragrance can relieve the bad mood caused by excessive pressure, and also has a refreshing effect;

5. Apples are rich in crude fiber, which can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, help the human body to discharge waste smoothly, and reduce the harm of harmful substances to the skin;

6. Apples contain a lot of trace elements such as magnesium, sulfur, iron, copper, iodine, manganese and zinc, which can make the skin delicate, smooth, ruddy and shiny.

2.3.3. Related groups:

The general population can eat it.

1. Chronic gastritis, dyspepsia, qi stagnation, constipation, chronic diarrhea, neurocolitis, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and obesity, cancer patients, anemia and vitamin deficiency are especially suitable. Expectant mothers eating an apple a day can reduce pregnancy reaction;

2. Patients with coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, nephropathy and diabetes should not eat more. Patients with myocardial infarction are also not suitable for eating. (Apples are rich in sugar and potassium salt)

3. Food similarity: apples avoid eating with aquatic products, which will lead to constipation.

2.3.4. Annex

Yu:

Fresh apple 1000g, chopped and mashed, juiced, boiled into thick paste, and mixed with honey. 65438+ 0 spoon each time, taken with warm water. Originated from southern Yunnan materia medica. This product can benefit the stomach and promote fluid production. Used for deficiency of stomach yin, dry throat and thirst.

Apple yam powder:

50 grams of dried apples and 30 grams of yam. * * * Grind into fine powder. Every time 15g, add appropriate amount of sugar and take it with warm water.

This recipe combines apples and yam, which can benefit the spleen and stomach, help digestion and stop diarrhea. Used for dyspepsia, diarrhea due to eating less, or chronic diarrhea due to deficiency of spleen yin.

Apple formula for treating infantile diarrhea;

A number of apples, wash the apples with boiling water, peel them, steam them in water, and mash them into mud for later use. Administration method: four times a day, each time100g, and about 50g for infants under one year old, 3-4 times a day. Don't eat other food at this time. After the symptoms improve, you can reduce eating apple puree and increase cow cheese appropriately. Efficacy: benefit the spleen and stomach, thicken the intestines and stop diarrhea. It also applies to frequent loose stool. Description: Soak peeled apples in cold boiling water to prevent oxidation and make apples brittle and sweet.

Treatment of bronchial asthma with apple steamed egg diet

I have been in poor health since I was a child, suffering from bronchial asthma. I'm prone to attack if I'm slightly allergic or tired, so my grandmother took me everywhere for medical advice, with little effect. Once, my grandmother got a medicated diet from an old Chinese doctor-steamed eggs with apples, so I ate it once a day for seven days, and my condition eased.

The method is: choose a flat-bottomed apple, take out the stem with a knife, take out the core and part of the pulp to make an apple cup, then take a fresh grass egg, break it, pour it into the apple cup, cover the stem, put it in a steamer, steam it for 20 minutes after the water is boiled. Take it out while it's hot.

Seven days later, my mother took me to the old Chinese medicine department for reexamination. After examination, my condition was stable, but in order to prevent recurrence, the old Chinese doctor suggested that I take the egg yolk rock sugar formula again for diet therapy. The method is to take egg yolk10g, rock sugar10g, mix them evenly, add 500g of yellow wine, and leave them for10g. 25 grams each time, twice a day. After eating for a while, my symptoms of bronchial asthma disappeared.

Dr. Zhao Wenshuo's comments on folk dietotherapy in Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Bronchial asthma is a common clinical disease, which is related to personal physique. This disease is stubborn and may accompany many patients for life. At present, there is no radical cure for modern medicine. There are many folk experiences, each with its own characteristics. For example, the method of steaming apples and eggs mentioned by the editor above is proved to be effective by the editor's practice.

From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, of course, asthma should be blamed on the lung, but the holistic view of traditional Chinese medicine does not regard the lung as an isolated organ, and its function is related to the spleen and kidney. First of all, lung belongs to gold, spleen belongs to soil and kidney belongs to water in the five elements. Their relationship is that soil can produce gold and gold can produce water. That is, the spleen is the mother organ of the lung and the kidney is the child organ of the lung. Therefore, the treatment of lung diseases is sometimes achieved by regulating the function of spleen and kidney. In addition, the apples in this recipe are sweet, so eating them often can tonify the temper, and play a role in improving soil fertility and producing gold. It is said that some remedies for asthma have added eggs, and the yolk enters the kidney meridian to tonify kidney qi, which can also achieve the effect of mutual growth of gold and water. Rock candy is a good product for moistening lung, which may be the reason why this prescription can have a certain curative effect on asthma.

Apple+green tea sets off thinness.

Perhaps, you have tried the apple diet and the green tea diet. Apple and green tea are obviously good weight-loss foods, but why is the effect not obvious? Ladies and gentlemen, have you ever thought about mixing apples and green tea to lose weight? Haha, let's try it!

Method: Beat 1 apple into juice, add 1 teaspoon of green tea powder, and drink 1 time in the morning and evening. If you drink apple pomace together, it will be elegant and beautiful.

Delicious apples really have many benefits, such as weight loss, skin beauty and detoxification ... it is really the first choice to lose weight this season.

Cost: It only costs about 1 yuan each time.

PS: Green tea powder can be bought in the teahouse. Generally, it is 20 packets 10 yuan, which is equivalent to 50 cents per packet. The amount of each packet is about 3 or 4 spoonfuls.

Expert interpretation:

Suitable target: people who can't control their appetite and want to eat whatever they see.

Drinking period: you can drink it every day before meals.

Weight loss principle:

Apples are rich in potassium, which can not only relieve edema caused by excessive sodium intake, but also have diuretic effect, which can excrete excess water in the body.

PS: Apple juice with dregs is rich in pectin and cellulose. The fiber content of each apple (about 3 grams) is equivalent to half a catty of celery. They can help digestion and absorption in the stomach and prevent constipation. Drinking a cup of green tea and apple juice before meals (apple pomace cannot be filtered out) will make you feel full first, so you won't eat too much.

Intimate suggestion:

However, nutritionists suggest that in order to increase the weight loss effect of green tea and apple juice, it is best to drink 1 cup before meals, and then start eating after the information of satiety reaches the brain. This can reduce at least 1/3 calories (about 240 calories) when eating.

Eating apples can cure prostatitis.

Patients with prostatitis [1] eat 3-5 apples a day, or often drink high-concentration apple juice, which can increase the zinc content of zinc protein in prostate fluid, thus improving the antibacterial and bactericidal ability of prostate. In order to achieve the purpose of treating and preventing prostatitis!

2.4. Life-related: Selection and Storage

2.4. 1 apple selection method:

Apples include: Red Fuji, Gala, Red General, Jonakin, Red Star, Qin Guan, Marshal Huang, etc.

Red Fuji:

1 See if there are concentric circles on the apple handle, because it is very sweet because of the sunshine.

Ripe apples 2 See if there are stripes on the apples, the more the better.

The redder the apple, the brighter it is.

Qin Guan Apple:

1 Choose a symmetrical size (preferably medium).

When you press an apple by hand, what comes out is sweet, and what doesn't come out is sour.

3 colors should be uniform.

Marshal Huang Apple:

1 Pick yellow, the more pockmarked, the better.

Weighed by hand, the light ones are cotton and the heavy ones are crisp.

Yellow banana apple:

1 The more pits, the better.

The color is blue, just a little yellow.

2.4.2. Home Apple Storage

Common containers at home include jars, jars, altars, cartons and wooden cases, all of which can be used to store apples. The tanks, cans and altars used must be washed and dried, and the inner walls of the tanks, cans and altars should be wiped with white wine. You can also put half a bottle of white wine in it (the dosage can be determined according to the storage capacity), and the bottle mouth is open. After harvesting, put the apples in the shade for a few days, and then put them in pots, cans or jars in layers. Spray white wine after filling, which can vary from 50- 150g depending on the storage capacity. Cover it with absorbent cotton, and then cover it with a plastic sheet to prevent the smell of alcohol. When eating apples, cover them with it, which can generally be kept for more than half a year.

The box for storing apples should be clean and tasteless, with two layers of paper at the bottom and around. Each apple should be wrapped in soft white paper and placed neatly in the box. For ruby, red star, banana and other round apples, it is best to put them horizontally, while Guoguang, India and other varieties are flat and round, so that apples are under greater pressure. The box is most suitable for inspection at 0-2℃ every other month, and some rotten fruits should be removed in time.

2.5. Other related

Apple related places

Speaking of apples, I have to mention Lingbao, because China has a high altitude, which is especially suitable for the growth of apples, and the fruit taste is higher than other parts of the country in sour and sweet. As one of the three treasures of Lingbao, with the strong support of government departments, it has gradually formed a good industrial chain of production, storage, processing and sales.

Tianshui Huaniu Apple is the first apple variety with official trademark in China international market. As early as forty years ago, Tianshui "Hua Niu" apple was as famous as American "Snake Fruit". In 2008, Tianshui City was listed as the second batch of superior apple producing areas in China by the Ministry of Agriculture. At present, the total area of apples in the city is1157,000 mu, and the area of "Hua Niu" alone is 758,000 mu, with a total output value of 5 10/00,000 yuan. It is the largest marshal apple production base in China.

Yantai apple is one of the famous products in Shandong Province, and its main producing areas are Qixia, Zhaoyuan, Haiyang, Muping and Fushan. Yantai apples are famous at home and abroad for their sweet, crisp and juicy taste, and have always been loved by domestic and foreign markets. As the birthplace of Yantai apples, the development of Yantai apples has entered a new stage of leap-forward development. By 2000, the ratio of orchard area to apple yield in the whole city 1978 increased by 6-7 times. Exported to Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Russia and other countries and regions, deeply loved by consumers all over the world.

Dominant areas of apples in China

China is the largest producer and consumer of apples in the world, and its planting area and output account for more than 40% of the world total, which plays an important role in the world apple industry. There are four major apple producing areas in China: Loess Plateau, Bohai Bay, Old Yellow River and Southwest Cold Region. According to the climatic and ecological suitability standards, the Loess Plateau in Northwest China and Bohai Bay are the most suitable areas for apple production in China. The planting area of apples in these two areas accounts for 44% and 34% of the country respectively, the output accounts for 49% and 365,438+0% of the country respectively, and the export accounts for more than 90% of the country. The old Yellow River production area belongs to the sub-suitable area of apple production, and the apple production scale in the southwest cold plateau is small and the industrial base is poor, which can not meet the requirements of the apple production advantage area.

3.2. Cultivation status

3.2. 1. Current situation of apple cultivation in the world

The annual output of apples in the world is about 32 million metric tons. In Europe, most apples are used to make cider and brandy. Apples used to brew cider account for 1/4 of the world output. The United States, China, France, Italy and Turkey are the largest producers, while France, Italy, Hungary, Argentina, Chile, South Africa and the United States are the largest exporters. At present, there are more than 80 countries producing apples in the world, and the main producing countries are 12, and the annual output exceeds or approaches10 million tons. China (46%), the United States (9%), Turkey (6%), Italy (5%), France (5%) and Poland (5%) in turn. Besides China, Yuan Shuai and Jinguan are two main cultivated varieties in the world. If China is included, Fuji will become the largest cultivated variety in the world. At present, newly developed orchards in the United States, Italy, France, Chile and South Africa account for more than 50% of red Fuji, and the cultivated area of red Fuji in China accounts for 49.6% of the total apple area.

Main varieties planted in various countries:

Japan: Fuji, Tsutsugaru, Wang Lin, Yonakin, Lu Ao, Yamashita, etc.

United States: Jonathan, Enpai, Red Fuji, New Red Star, Gallas, Briburn;

Australia: imported marble, Australian green apples, Murray gems, etc.

New Zealand: Gallas, Pacific Rose, Brisbane, Gorgeous;

Korean: Gan Hong, Lu Hong, Shuguang, Qiu Guang, Huahong.

3.2.2. Current situation of apple cultivation in China

In recent years, the apple industry in China has made great progress and made great achievements. In 2005, the cultivated area was 6.5438+0.89 million hectares, and the output reached 24 million tons, accounting for 2/5 and 654.38+0/3 of the total output of apples in the world respectively. China has become the largest apple producer in the world. The output per unit area has increased from 4.7 tons/ha in 1995 to the average of 12 tons/ha in recent years. [5]

After nearly 10 years of regional layout adjustment, the proportion of apple area in China's total orchard area decreased from 65438+34.9% in 0996 to 18.8% in 2005, but the apple output still kept growing, accounting for 27.2% of the national fruit output in 2005. Bohai Bay and Northwest Loess Plateau are the two dominant apple producing areas, accounting for 40% and 39% of the total apple area and 45% and 35% of the total apple output, respectively. The planting area of excellent varieties such as Red Fuji is over 80%, and the proportion of exported apples and concentrated apple juice is over 90%.

The storage and fresh-keeping ability of apples has developed from less than 654.38+10,000 tons in the 1970s to more than 5 million tons at present, accounting for about 25% of the total output of apples. The level of commercial processing of fresh apples after harvest has gradually improved, forming a number of leading enterprises in apple production, sales and processing. China has become the largest producer of concentrated apple juice in the world. At present, there are more than 35 concentrated apple juice manufacturers in China, with a processing capacity of 10 ton/hour. The processing capacity of fresh apples is increased from 5% of the output of 1996 apples to more than 20%; The production capacity has soared from less than 1000 tons in the mid-1980s to nearly 1 10,000 tons now.

With the rapid development of apple industry, there are also some problems, such as the increasing constraints of variety resources and land resources; The overall quality of products needs to be improved; Pre-production is out of touch with mid-production and post-production. Therefore, the apple industry should further implement the sustainable development strategy.

Regional Statistics of Apple Production in China from 2003 to 2007 (10,000 tons) [6]

Apple is a deciduous tree with strong polarity, usually vigorous growth and high crown. The height of the tree can reach 15 meters, and it is generally about 3 ~ 5 meters under cultivation conditions. The trunk is grayish brown, the old bark has irregular longitudinal cracks or flaking, and the branchlets are smooth. Simple leaves alternate, oval to ovoid, with serrated leaves. Corymb, white petals, pink buds, 20 stamens, 5 styles. Fruit is a kind of kernel, and its color and size vary with varieties. Like light, like slightly acidic to neutral soil. It is most suitable for sandy soil with deep soil layer, rich organic matter and good ventilation and drainage.

Reproduction by grafting. There are two kinds of rootstocks: arbor rootstocks and dwarf rootstocks. Commonly used tree rootstocks are Juglans mandshurica, Haitang Xifu and Vitex negundo, and dwarf rootstocks are mainly imported from Britain. Wide rows and close planting are adopted, and the behavior is north-south. The soil in southern China is planted before freezing in autumn and winter, and in northern China it is planted during thawing in spring. Apple is weak in self-fruiting, so pollination trees must be arranged when planting.

Apple trees begin to bear fruit 2~3 years after planting. Under general management conditions, the economic life is 15~50 years, and the poor soil and extensive management are only 20~30 years. Due to the combined effect of apical dominance and bud heterogeneity, apples usually have strong dryness and obvious stratification. Due to the differences in germination and branching ability among varieties, the obvious stratification degree is also different.

apple