Business plan is the "stepping stone" for entrepreneurs to knock on the door of investors. An excellent business plan will often make entrepreneurs get twice the result with half the effort.

I. Business plan

It is a written summary of the enterprise that the entrepreneur plans to create.

It is used to describe the internal and external environmental conditions and elements related to the proposed enterprise, and to provide an index chart and a standard for measuring the business progress of the enterprise.

Usually, a business plan is the integration of marketing, finance, production, human resources and other functional plans.

Problems to be considered in writing a good business plan;

(A) focus on products

(2) Dare to compete

(3) Understand the market

(4) indicate the course of action.

(5) Show your management team.

(6) Excellent plan summary

Second, the content of the business plan

Generally speaking, a business plan should include business type, capital plan and source, total capital allocation ratio, stage objective, financial forecast, marketing strategy, possible risk assessment, business motivation, register of shareholders, and planned number of employees. The specific contents generally include the following aspects: 1 1:

(1) cover page

The design of the cover should be aesthetic and artistic, and a good cover will give readers a preliminary impression and form a good first impression.

(2) Plan summary

This is the essence of condensed business plan.

The outline of the plan covers the main points of the plan, making it clear at a glance, so that readers can review the plan and make judgments in the shortest time.

Sample of College Students' Entrepreneurship Plan (2)

Plan summary generally includes the following contents:

Company introduction;

Managers and their organizations;

Main products and business scope;

Market overview;

Marketing strategy;

Sales plan;

Production management plan;

Financial plan;

Capital demand, etc.

Try to be concise and vivid. In particular, we should explain the differences of our own enterprises.

(3) Introduction of the enterprise

The purpose of this part is not to describe the whole plan, nor to provide another summary, but to introduce your company, so the focus is on your company philosophy and how to formulate the company's strategic goals.

industry analysis

In industry analysis, we should correctly evaluate the basic characteristics, competition and future development trend of the selected industry.

Typical problems about industry analysis:

(1) How developed is this industry? What is the current development trend?

(2) What role does innovation and technological progress play in this industry?

(3) What is the total sales of this industry? What's the total income? What is the development trend?

(4) What is the price trend?

(5) What impact does economic development have on this industry? How does the government affect the industry?

(6) What factors determine its development?

(7) What is the essence of competition? What kind of strategy will you adopt?

(8) What are the barriers to entry into this industry? How will you overcome it? What is the typical rate of return in this industry?

(5) Introduction of products (services)

The product introduction should include the following contents: the concept, performance and characteristics of the product; Introduction of main products; Market competitiveness of products; Product development process; Plan and cost analysis of developing new products; Market prospect forecast of products; Brand and patent of products, etc.

In the product (service) introduction part, entrepreneurs should make a detailed description of the product (service), which should be accurate and easy to understand, so that non-professional investors can understand it. In general, product introduction should be accompanied by product prototype, photos or other introductions.

(6) Personnel and organizational structure

In the production activities of enterprises, there are human resource management, technical management, financial management, operation management, product management and so on. And human resource management is a very important link.

Because of the development of today's society, people have become the most precious resource, which is determined by people's initiative and creativity. Enterprises should follow scientific principles and methods to manage such resources well.

In the business plan, it is necessary to define the main managers, introduce their abilities, their duties and responsibilities in the enterprise, and their past detailed experiences and background. In addition, in this part of the business plan, the company structure should also be briefly introduced, including: the organization chart of the company; Functions and responsibilities of various departments; Heads of departments and main members; The company's salary system; List of shareholders of the company, including stock options, proportions and privileges; Board members of the company; Background information of directors.

Experience and past success are more convincing than a degree. If you are going to leave a particularly important position to an inexperienced person, you must give a good reason.

(7) Market forecast

It shall include the following contents:

1, demand forecast;

2. Market forecast: an overview of the current market situation;

3. Overview of competitors;

4. Target customers and target markets;

5. The market position of the products of this enterprise, etc.

(8) Marketing strategy

Misunderstanding of the market is one of the most important reasons for the failure of enterprises.

In the business plan, the marketing strategy should include the following contents:

(1) Selection of market organization and marketing channels;

(2) Marketing team and management;

(3) Promotion plan and advertising strategy;

(4) Price decision.

(9) Manufacturing plan

The manufacturing plan in the business plan shall include the following contents:

1, product manufacturing and technical equipment status;

2, new product production plan;

3, technical upgrading and equipment update requirements;

4, quality control and quality improvement plan.

(10) financial planning

Financial planning generally includes the following contents:

The emphasis is on the preparation of cash flow statement, balance sheet and income statement.

Liquidity is the lifeline of an enterprise, so when an enterprise starts or expands, it needs to be carefully planned in advance and strictly controlled in the process;

The income statement reflects the profitability of the enterprise, which is the operating result of the enterprise after a period of operation; The balance sheet reflects the state of the enterprise at a certain moment, and investors can use the ratio index obtained from the data in the balance sheet to measure the operating status and possible return on investment of the enterprise.

Xi) risk and risk management

(1) What are the basic risks of your company in terms of market, competition and technology?

(2) How will you deal with these risks?

(3) What additional opportunities do you think your company has?

(4) How to expand based on your capital?

(5) How does your five-year plan perform under the best and worst conditions?

If your estimate is not so accurate, you should estimate how big your error range is. If possible, make the best and worst settings for your key parameters.

Third, the preparation steps of the business plan

Preparing a business plan is a process of looking forward to the future of the project, exploring reasonable ideas in detail, confirming all kinds of necessary resources needed to implement the project, and then seeking necessary support.

It should be noted that not everything in the above outline should be included in any business plan. Entrepreneurial content is different, and the two are very different.

The first stage: experiential learning

The second stage: the idea of starting a business

The third stage: market research

The fourth stage: scheme drafting

Full text of business plan

Write the full text, add the cover, extract the whole starting point and write a summary, and then arrange the whole set of entrepreneurs in the following order:

(1) market opportunities and strategies;

(2) management;

(3) management team;

(4) Financial budget;

(5) Others directly related to the audience; Information and materials, such as founders, potential investors, and even family members and spouses.

The fifth stage: the final revision stage

First of all, according to your report, make a 1-2 page summary of the most important things and put it in front. Secondly, check, don't make mistakes such as typos, or others will doubt whether you are rigorous in your work. Finally, design a beautiful cover, write down the table of contents and page numbers, and then print and bind it into a book.

Stage 6: Inspection

You can check from the following aspects:

(1) Does your business plan indicate that you have experience in managing a company?

(2) Whether your business plan shows that you have the ability to repay the loan.

(3) Whether your business plan shows that you have conducted a complete market analysis.

(4) Whether your business plan is easy to be understood by investors. The business plan should have an index and a table of contents, so that investors can refer to each chapter more easily. We should also ensure that the information flow in the catalogue is logical and realistic.

(5) Do you have a plan summary in your business plan and put it at the front? The plan summary is equivalent to the cover of the company's business plan, and investors will read it first. In order to keep the interest of investors, the plan summary should be attractive.

(6) Whether your business plan is grammatically correct.

(7) Can your business plan dispel investors' doubts about products (services)?

A product model can be prepared if necessary.