1. Wise people are willing to learn knowledge.

Master Jia, a post office employee in Tangshan, lived in a bungalow before the earthquake.

When he was in the army from 65438 to 0974, Master Jia was an amateur earthquake prediction enthusiast. Before the Tangshan earthquake, he found many abnormal phenomena: on July 25-26, the reading of his simple soil meter jumped sharply, and the number was six or seven times higher than before; The self-assembled electromagnetic alarm has been alarming since the afternoon of the 27th. In addition, there are many abnormal animals: on the 27th, the rabbit raised by Master Jia dug a hole and suddenly ran away, and the chicken did not enter the nest, so it ran wherever it was high; There are four carp in the fish tank, two of which have jumped out four times.

On July 25-26, there were many kinds of insects under the street lamp, among which the mole cricket was more prominent. With so many abnormal phenomena in a short time, Master Jia, an earthquake enthusiast, naturally thought of earthquakes. In addition to telling everyone about this idea, he also tried to make some preventive preparations at home, such as putting a chair at the head of the bed and supporting a post on the beam. Master Jia slept until after 1 1- 12. Due to proper precautions, Master Jia was the first to run out during the earthquake, and none of his five people and two guests were injured. However, more than 20 of the other 50 people in the yard were killed or injured. Through this incident, Master Jia deeply realized that amateur observation of earthquakes is good for himself and others.

2. The variation is amazing. take measures

Li, a college teacher in Tangshan. Before the earthquake, Mr. Li and nine cadres and teachers took part in the social education movement in suburban villages. On the 27th, many amazing things were discovered.

This morning, I found that the water pumped by the deep well pump was turbid, black and red, like the color of rust, and the smell of rotten eggs was very unpleasant. There is a big puddle with a diameter of about 30 meters behind their house. The phenomenon of flowers bubbling suddenly appeared in the puddle, which attracted many people to watch. At the meeting in the evening, we suddenly saw the militia company commander come in with a stick and a bunch of bats. As soon as he entered the door, he said to everyone, "Do you think it's strange? Usually bats fly out, but today they all hit the house. There are many under the wall. I caught so much in one minute! " What's more strange is that after 1 pm, the broadcast horn sounded and all the animals in the team ran away for everyone to chase. Miss Li also went out to chase animals with everyone. After he came back, he also specially checked it. The reins were triangular belts for motors, which were not fastened, and were escaped by animals biting off the reins.

This series of abnormal phenomena filled Mr. Li with doubts. When chatting with roommates, he thought it might be an earthquake anomaly, so he consciously left the doors and windows unlocked that night. After lying down, Mr. Li still felt palpitations and tinnitus and couldn't sleep. He simply got up and turned on the light to read the newspaper. He is really tired. At about 3: 40, he was about to turn off the lights and have a rest. Suddenly, he saw a sunny day outside. But I can't see the branches and leaves shaking, and then the earthquake room is shaking. He called out his sleeping roommate and quickly jumped out of the window. At this time, people in the room got up, stumbled, climbed to the window and jumped out one by one. Finally, the house collapsed, but no one was injured.

3. Many people were buried and rescued in an orderly manner.

1944 built a farmer's three bungalows. The walls are made of stones and ashes, with coal tar and lime at the top. Before the earthquake, he lived in the East Room with his wife, and his three sons and a nephew lived in the Westinghouse. During the earthquake, all the houses collapsed, but because he ran fast, he was not smashed and buried. After the earthquake, he immediately found his family, and his second son was crushed to death by sandalwood and even vented his anger. My nephew is sitting on the kang, and the things on the roof are on him; The other two sons, one buried under the root of Westinghouse West Cabinet; Another son is crawling; His wife is lying on the kang in Wu Dong, with broken bricks on the wall and broken coke on the roof. When he saw the whole family buried for five days, although they were not dead, they were all in danger. Because there were so many people buried, he didn't know where to start at the moment. He thought for a moment, if people are weak, the only way to save many people in the whole family is through appropriate methods. We should first remove the threat to everyone's life, that is, save people first and then save them. After thinking about him. Then solve the breathing problem of the second person. After three sons, a nephew and his wife escaped from danger in turn, they went back and rescued them one by one. If one is rescued, one more rescue force will be added, and the rescue speed will be faster and faster, and all of them will survive in the end. Otherwise, relying on one person's strength, without tools and paying attention to priorities, it will be delayed for a long time and it will be difficult to save the lives of several others.

4. Triangular space is expected to survive.

A vehicle factory in Tangshan is equipped with electricians; Before the earthquake, I worked in the power distribution room of the factory building.

The work place is a large factory building more than ten meters high. The distribution room is a small room in the factory building, with an area of 6 square meters. The roof is a precast lime cover. At that time, they first heard the whistling sound like a strong wind outside, and they didn't know what happened. Suddenly, they felt the ground shaking and saw the lights shaking violently. At first, people were barely able to stand, but then they shook badly, doors and windows rang and glass was broken. It is difficult for people to gain a foothold. Several people immediately squatted in the corner of the switchboard near the north wall. At this time, the ground was shaking so badly that they couldn't even squat, so they had to sit on the ground. The light went out, and it was dark in front of my eyes. The ping-pong rang once, and then all the factories collapsed. Everything is fast, and the total time is only ten seconds. They not only heard the sound of houses collapsing, but also heard the rumbling sound. Comrade Guo hid by the ladle and escaped being smashed.

5. Save your strength to throw stones and spread the sound.

A female worker in Tangshan lives in Xishan Road Building. On the evening of the 27th, she slept very late because of the sultry weather. After being awakened by the violent vibration, she saw that the outside was bright and the wall had cracked. Under the strong light, the uneven brick joints open and close, and the house is crumbling, which is terrible. Realizing that it was an earthquake, she rolled under the bed. At this time, the building collapsed and the floor fell off. It is unbearable to be depressed in the dark. I groped with my hand and found that the roof was next to my head, surrounded by bricks, and my clothes were still on the bed, but the bed had been smashed through. As time went on, her breathing became more and more urgent. In order to create living conditions for herself, she tore bricks from the broken wall with both hands. When air and light enter through the cracks in the pulled bricks, it brings her hope of life. I don't know how long it took her. Because all the furniture on the ground was piled up outside her, it was useless to shout desperately. As a result, she was exhausted and even had no strength to shout. Outsiders can't determine the position of female workers and have no way to start. My sister was so anxious that she shouted outside and taught her to knock with something. People heard a knock at the door, followed the sound and dug about two meters deep, and finally rescued her.

Judging from the rescue process, people who are buried deeply can't shout out. By tapping, the sound can be transmitted to the outside, which is also a way for the buried personnel to indicate the location.

6. Show your head and breathe.

A lady lives in a bungalow; Face is a woman's self-report:

After the earthquake, I was buried under the edge of the kang and there was nothing I could do. Because of the protection of the edge of the kang, I was not injured, but was buried to the breath and suffocated soon. Fortunately, my wife and I were buried together, and he pressed it gently, but his hand was still moving. Seeing that I was in danger, he quickly pushed the dust around my nose and mouth aside to leave a small space for me to breathe. Wait patiently. Soon someone found us. After locating the buried pressure of my head, we first dug out the pile of pressure around my head. After I exposed my head, the danger of suffocation was eliminated and my survival time was prolonged. Then everyone continued to dig down, dug a hole and carried me out before I survived.

Only after the earthquake did I know that the bed and the edge of the kang were relatively safe places during the earthquake. After burying the pressure, you should decide as appropriate. Do not struggle. Try to solve the breathing problem first, which is the first step to save yourself. Otherwise, even if there is no injury, it is easy to suffocate.

7. Actively save yourself and expand your space

A man works in Majiagou Coal Mine. The following is his self-help at that time:

After the earthquake, my whole body was buried in the ruins. At first, I didn't dare to move blindly because I didn't know the pressure I had buried, for fear that the more I moved, the more solid I was. I thought many people were buried waiting for help, and no one might come to save me in a short time. If conditions permit, I should take the initiative to save myself, at least to protect myself, instead of waiting blindly. I began to move my shoulders carefully, pull out my arms, and my upper limbs can move. I didn't feel dangerous, I was brave. I tried to move the stones around me into the gaps around me, which expanded my living space and made my breathing much smoother, creating conditions for prolonging my life. I shouted when I heard someone coming. Because I didn't consume too much energy at first, I shouted, so I called two people, and they immediately moved the ruins out. I actively cooperated below, passing stones to the outside, and my lower limbs gradually moved, and finally climbed out of the ruins from the gap. I think.

8. tide over the difficulties in a small studio

Teacher Chen from a university in Tangshan; I used to live in the college building.

That summer, the building where Mr. Chen lived often stopped water supply, and he got up to receive water after midnight every day. At about 3: 30 that night, Mr. Chen got up and went to the kitchen, and there was an earthquake when he received water. When the earthquake came up, it was so fierce that people could not stand up at all. At first, he thought of calling people into the big house. Before he crossed the threshold, the building began to collapse. Bricks were thrown on his head. At that time, he squatted down with his hand over his head and only heard the sound of the house falling down. Less than two stories high, the roof was thrown aside, the wall fell down, and the precast slab under your feet just sank and finally squatted on the ruins. The body was covered with broken bricks. I scraped my face, back and hands, but I didn't hurt my bones. The day after the earthquake, before dawn, there were cries everywhere and nothing could be seen around. Teacher Chen tore open the broken bricks and ashes around him.

The building is a brick wall precast slab roof with no frame structure and poor seismic performance. Also located in the 11th district, it poured quickly, but it was not completely emptied. The big room in the south collapsed all four floors and slid south one by one. Near the north is the kitchen, bathroom and small studio. The first floor is intact, the second floor is basically intact, the east and west sides of the third floor collapsed, and there are some remnants on the fourth floor. Mr. Chen was in the small studio at that time. Because the house had a good integrity and a small area, the top of the precast slab could only be thrown aside and could not fall directly, so he was spared from being buried.