Liu Yuya was discovered in Linfen Fruit Farm of Shanxi Province on 1976 and was identified as 1985.
The fruit is oblate, with an average single fruit weight of 96.9g and a maximum of164.5 g, with a yellow-green background and a full crimson color. Soluble solids 1 1.4%, slightly acidic, fragrant, and above average quality. Mature in mid-June.
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Jinshuiping Hubei Tea and Fruit Research Institute was bred by Daphne× Laoduyu 1964 and named after 1979.
The fruit is short conical, with average single fruit weight 100g and maximum fruit weight 150g. The background color is yellow-green, with red intermittent stripes and thin skin. The pulp is crisp, juicy, sweet and slightly sour; Soluble solids11.5%-13.0%, organic acid 0.25%, fragrant, above average quality. Mature in the middle and late June.
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Tian Huang Kui was bred by Liaoning Fruit Research Institute. Parents are Zhu Huangkui. 1952 hybridization, 1970 naming.
The fruit is oblate and conical, with an average single fruit weight of about 80g, yellow-green peel and reddish stripes on the front. The pulp is loose, sweet and of medium quality. It matured in late June in Zhengzhou and in mid-July in Xiong Yue, Liaoning.
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Cultivars cultivated by Liaoning Fruit Research Institute in Liaofu. The parents were Lao Du× Zhu, and they crossed with 1956, named as 1969.
The fruit is oblate, small, weighing 80- 100 g, with yellow-green skin and slightly dark red stripes on the sunny side, crisp meat, sweet taste and medium quality. At the end of June and the beginning of July, it matured in the old channel area of the Yellow River.
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Zaodongping is a natural hybrid variety named 1987, which was discovered by Shandong Dongping Forestry Bureau in 1986.
The fruit is conical, with an average single fruit weight of 125g and a maximum fruit weight of 208g. The peel is yellow-green, with small fruit point and thin skin. The pulp is crisp, tender and juicy, sweet and sour, with a soluble solid content of 9.2%- 12.0%, rich flavor and excellent quality. Mature in early July.
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Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Fuzhou 1962 was named after Populus davidiana× Golden Crown, 198 1.
The fruit is short conical, weighing 1 16- 165g, yellow-green, and the fruit point is not obvious. The pulp is crisp, juicy and sweet, with soluble solids 1 1.8% and total acid 0. 17%. Mature in early July.
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Dai Lu, named after 1989, was discovered in Shagou Orchard, Huamawan Township, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province in 1974.
The fruit is conical, weighing 94.9g, light green, with medium meat thickness, rich juice, 9.74% soluble solids, sweet flavor, total acid of 0. 13%, and its quality is lower than that of Jinguan. Mature in early July.
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Fu Shuai, Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, China Academy of Agricultural Sciences 1962, 1977 named the long jujube Xu× Jinguan.
The fruit is cone-shaped, weighing 120g, yellow-green, dense and crisp, juicy, sweet and slightly sour, soluble solids 12.0%- 15.5%, organic acids 0. 13%, and fragrant in quality. Mature in the first half of July.
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Ningxia Horticultural Research Institute of Ning Guang was bred by Guoguang natural hybrid seeds after 60Coγ-ray 1500γ radiation in 1960s.
This kind of fruit is sweet in taste and quality. Mature from late July to early August. Strong cold resistance, suitable for development in mountainous areas and cold regions.
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Medium-mature variety
Ningqiu Ningxia Horticultural Research Institute was bred with Jinguan× Hongkui 1970.
The fruit is ovoid, weighing 144.8g, light yellow-green, sunny and with intermittent stripes. The meat is crispy and juicy, sweet and sour, with soluble solids 14%, fragrant and high quality. Mature in mid-August, more frost-resistant.
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Cultivation in Liaoning Fujin Fruit Research Institute. Parents are Marshal Huang Kui. 1954 selected, 1958 commented, original code 343.
The fruit is medium and large, with average single fruit weight 150g, conical and tidy; The surface of the fruit is light yellow with reddish or dark red stripes on the sunny side. The fruit surface is clean, the flesh is light yellow, the meat is crisp, sweet and sour, the flavor is rich, and the quality is above average. It ripens in Zhengzhou in July and in Xiong Yue, Liaoning Province in the middle and late August.
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I hope it originated in the United States, also known as Xia Mei and sugar.
The fruit is of medium size, with an average single fruit weight of 150g, oblong or nearly round. The concave side of the valve stem often has a lip-shaped protrusion. When ripe, the fruit has a yellow-green background color on the surface and dark red stripes between the front faces. The flesh is white, the meat is crisp, the taste is sweet and sour, and the quality is medium to high.
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Xu was originally from Canada.
The fruit is oblate, with an average single fruit weight of 200g and short fruit stalk. Thin skin, yellow-green background, fully colored, completely purple, covered with a layer of gray fruit powder. The pulp is white and soft, sweet and sour, delicious, with special flavor and medium and high quality. Mature in the first half of August.
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The early bud of Marshal Red Star was discovered in Loucun Orchard, Shanzhai Township, Rushan County, Shandong Province in 1972 and named after 1986.
The growth results are like marshal's, and the coloring is very early. Color at the end of June at the earliest, usually in mid-July. The quality is better than that of Marshal and Hongxing, and the soluble solid content is 10.5%.
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Mid-late maturity variety
Longguan Agricultural College of Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province 197 1 was bred by crossing with Jinguan× K9 (fresh in July), named after 1987.
The fruit is oblong and conical, weighing 94.5g, yellow-green, with white or yellow-white flesh. The soluble solids content in fruit juice is 13%, and the organic acid content is 0. 17%. Small stone and good quality. Mature from mid-August to mid-September.
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ruby
The fruit is medium-large, with an average single fruit weight of 150g, nearly round, with the top often truncated, and the concave side often has tumor-like appendages; The background color of the peel is light yellow, full of green and red, and the sunny side is often thick red, which has a beautiful appearance; The flesh is yellow, sometimes with red hue, crisp, sweet and sour, and fragrant. In terms of quality, the old Yellow River region ripens in early September, and the western Liaoning region ripens in late September-65438+1early October.
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R&F originated in the United States and was introduced from the United States around 1940.
The fruit is long and cylindrical, with an average single fruit weight of 65438 0.20 g, and the peel has red halo and dark red intermittent stripes. When fully mature, it is completely red and the fruit surface is beautiful. There are often tumor-like protrusions in the depressions, and there are yellowish brown or reddish spots in the depressions. The flesh is yellow-white, dense, crisp, sweet and of high quality.
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Red Star, an American variety, is a bud mutation of Marshal system.
Marshal (also known as Red Banana and Red Marshal) was discovered in Peru, Iowa, Ai Ou on 188 1, and it was popularized in 1895. Later, bud mutation superior to Red Star and Richared Delicious appeared and was gradually replaced by the latter two.
The fruit is conical, with obvious 5 edges at the top; The average fruit weight is 250g, the peel is yellow-green, covered with bright red Chardonnay, and the red stripes are thick; The new red star is full-scale intense red, and the red crown is full-scale intense red. The pulp is yellow and white, crisp and sweet, with rich flavor and excellent quality. The fruit of 65438- 10 ripens in September and Zhengzhou ripens in early September.
The Bud Mutation Series of Marshal and Red Star:
Mutant strains of bacteria we found in China.
Red rose was found in Dongnangou Orchard, Chengguan Town, Pingyin County, Shandong Province on 1974, with short branches and named after 1979.
Liu Shanxi, discovered in Dong 'ao Orchard, Liulin County, 1978, short-branched, named after 1988.
The mutation of red star bud was discovered in 1973 by Shanxi Fruit Research Institute in Yuhong, and named after 1986.
The bud mutation and short branch of Daihong Red Star found in Houjiadian Orchard, Tai 'an City, Shandong Province, was named 1989.
Variants found in the United States
The bud mutation of Starkrimson, discovered in Shouhong Washington State, is a short-branched variety of the fourth generation marshal line, published in 1976.
Calvin 1964 in Bunyo, Washington, was selected in 197 1 year after the dormant branches of Ding Hong were irradiated, and named after 1975.
Red Star Bud Mutation, discovered in Hong Yan 1967, Maryland, is the third generation short branch variety of Marshal line, named after 1974.
The mutation of red star bud discovered in Super Red Washington Yakima, 1967, is the third generation short-branched variety of Marshal line, named after 1972.
Silver-red sea jujube bud mutation discovered in Chevs Orchard 1976, Zela County, Washington, is the third generation short-branched variety of Marshal system.
Ruby is the fourth generation short branch variety of Marshal introduced by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences 1984, which is a bud mutation variety of Starkrimson.
Newred dwarf was discovered in Washington State 1973, USA, and it is the fourth generation short-branched species of Marshal system. Registered in 1983, 1986 introduced to Tianjin.
Kawara Tsutomu, the fifth generation short branch variety of Marshal, was introduced by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences 1984.
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China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Huaguan Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute was bred by crossing Jinguan× Fuji 1976. Named after 1988.
The fruit is nearly conical, weighing 170g, golden yellow, slightly green, and completely red when fully ripe. The meat is yellow, dense, crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, with soluble solids 14%, rich flavor and excellent quality. Mature in early September.
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Nengguang Heilongjiang Nenjiang Agricultural Research Institute 1957 was bred by crossing Jinguan× Begonia, named as 1980.
The fruit is conical or nearly round, weighing 40.6g, with a maximum of 76.5g, with five protrusions, yellow bottom, bright red color and thick red stripes. The meat is yellow and white, crisp and juicy, with soluble solids 13.75% and acid content of 0.29%. It is sweet and sour and slightly fragrant. Mature in early September. Strong cold resistance.
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COVID-19 Fruit Research Institute of No.7 Agricultural Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps 1975 was named after Jinguan× Xindong Breeding, 1989.
The fruit is conical, weighing 143g, with a maximum of 235g. The bottom is yellow and the color is flushed. The meat is light yellow, crisp and thin, juicy, with soluble solids 14.7%, sweet and sour, and good quality. Mature in mid-September. Cold tolerance.
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Green banana was bred by Jilin Fruit Research Institute on 1962 with Jinhong×1056 (Guoguang× Hongxing). 1990 identification.
The fruit is oval or conical in shape, weighing 100g, and the largest is 184g. The bottom is yellow-green, reddish to the sunny side, and there are rust spots in the depression. The meat is yellow-white or white-green, crisp and hard, with soluble solids 13.0%- 15.6%, sweet and sour, rich flavor and excellent quality. Mature in mid-September. Cold-resistant, there is no freezing injury in Jilin area.
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Ningxiang Gansu Lingwu Horticultural Field 1960 was selected from Guoguang natural hybrid seeds and named after 1988.
The fruit is short conical or oblate and weighs175-194g. Completely bright red or thick red, with intermittent stripes and thin skin and small fruit points. The meat is yellow-white, crisp and juicy, with soluble solids 13.3% and sugar-acid ratio of 34: 1. It is rich in flavor and excellent in quality. About 10 days earlier than Marshal. It is hardy.
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Golden crown American variety, also known as Marshal Huang. 19 14 was found in an orchard in Clay County, West Virginia, USA.
The resistance of golden crown to brown spot disease is weak, and the fruit rust spot is serious in some provinces, so attention should be paid to the selection of cultivation environment.
The fruit has a long cone shape, slightly ribbed at the top, with an average single fruit weight of 200g g g. The peel is thin and smooth, the background color is green and yellow, and it turns golden yellow after storage, with occasional light blush on the sunny side, yellow and white flesh, crisp meat, sweet and slightly sour taste and fragrant Qingyuan.
Golden crowns are also prone to bud change. Up to 1967, 34 buds have been found, among which the famous ones are Jin dwarf, Stark Jin dwarf, Huang dwarf and Guan.
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Lejin Liaoning Fruit Research Institute was bred by 60Coγ-ray 4500γ-radiation 1979, and was identified in 1989.
The fruit is conical, weighing 180g, yellow-green, with few and small fruit points. The flavor of soluble solids 12.0%- 14.2% is similar to that of golden crown. Mature in late September. Basically does not rust.
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Shanxi Danxia Fruit Tree Research Institute was selected from 1972 golden crown seedlings and named after 1986.
The fruit is conical, weighing 170.6g, with a maximum of 224g, yellow-green background and bright red stripes. The meat is milky white, crisp and juicy, with soluble solids 17%, sweet taste and good quality. Mature in late September.
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Qing Xiang Qingdao Institute of Agricultural Sciences, 1973 was bred by crossing golden crown with green banana and named as 1990.
The fruit is cone-shaped, weighing 2 10g, green, bright and clean without rust, with fine waxy texture, rich and sweet juice, soluble solids 14.5% and total acid 0. 178%. Mature in late September. Storage resistance, strong rust resistance and strong pest resistance.
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Jilin Jiuguang Pear Tree Farm was bred from the hybrid offspring of Jilin Specialty Research Institute (unknown parents) and named after 1980.
The fruit is oblate, weighing 1 15g, and the maximum is 180g. The background color is yellow-green, covered with dark red stripes, and there is flaky rust in the depression. The meat is yellow and white, with excellent quality, rich juice, sweet and sour taste, soluble solids 15%, slightly fragrant, small pit and high quality. Mature in late September. Cold tolerance.
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Shanxi Agricultural University 1977 is named after the dwarf and short-branched red star × gold, 199 1 year.
The fruit is short conical, weighing 220g, with golden background, bright red color, five edges, yellow-white meat, dense, crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, soluble solids 14.4%, rich aroma and better quality than Starkrimson. Mature in late September.
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China Academy of Agricultural Sciences Huashuai Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute 1976 was selected from Fuji× Starkrimson and named after 1988.
The fruit is short conical or oblong, weighing 2 10g, full red with crimson stripes, and the fruit is white and sparse. The meat is light yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, and the soluble solids 13% or more, with rich flavor and aroma. Mature at the end of September.
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Ningfu Ningxia Agricultural College was selected after 1973 was irradiated by Guoguang.
The fruit is conical, weighing 186.2g, with yellow-green background and full red fruit surface. The meat is yellow and white, crisp, juicy and sweet. Soluble solids 14.7%- 16.0%, with small core and better quality than Guoguang. 65438+1expires at the beginning of October. Cold, drought and frost resistance in flowering period. Can replace Guoguang.
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Liaoning Fruit Research Institute, Yue Hong, 1968 was bred by Marshal Guo Guang and named after 1989.
The fruit is nearly round, weighing 162g, with yellow-green background, whole body red light, blue-white meat, sweet and crisp juice, and soluble solids 14.4%. 65438+1expires at the beginning of October.
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Zhangye Experimental Field of Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Gansu Province is named after Marshal × Apple Pear 1974 and 1987.
The fruit is short cone-shaped, weighing 200g, with a maximum of 257g, a yellow-green background and a blush on the sunny side. After storage, it is golden yellow, the flesh is green or yellowish, dense, brittle, juicy, soluble solids 15%, sweet and sour, delicious, small in core and good in quality. 65438+1expires at the beginning of October.
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Ocha Jin bred into a golden crown × Connard× Marshal, published in 1970, introduced to Britain in 1982, and introduced to the Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences in199.
The fruit is conical or nearly round, weighing 175g, with a maximum of 320g, golden yellow, orange-red halo on the sunny side and thin skin. The meat is light yellow, crisp, juicy, sweet and sour, and the soluble solids 12.4%. Zhengzhou area matures in mid-August.
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Enpai, also known as Empire, was cultivated by Marshal Xu Hong at the New York Agricultural Experimental Station with short branches.
The fruit is cylindrical, weighing 150g, full red or purple. The meat is crisp, tender and juicy, with soluble solids 14.4% sweet and sour, rich flavor and excellent quality. Mature from late August to early September. It can be used as a pollination tree to replace Jin dwarf in the new red star system.
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Jonathan new york Agricultural Experimental Station 1963 bred a golden crown× ruby, which is triploid.
The fruit is round or cylindrical, weighing 200g, with a maximum of 250g, yellow-green background, orange-red glow and waxy. The meat is light yellow, crisp and juicy, sweet and delicious. Mature from the end of August to mid-September.
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On 1973, the new Jonah gold was selected from Saito Changmei Orchard, Hirosaki City, Aomori Prefecture, Japan. It was registered on 1980 and introduced to China on 1984.
The fruit is round or conical, weighing 200-300 grams, completely bright red or strong red. Soluble solids are higher than Jonah gold, which is sweet and sour, refreshing, rich in flavor and superior in quality. Mature from the end of August to mid-September.
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Hattie is a short-branched variety introduced by Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences 1984.
The fruit is cone-shaped, weighing 168g, full red, crisp and sweet, with soluble solid content of 2 1.2%, rich aroma and good quality. Mature in early September.
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195 1 world bred marshal × golden crown, 1975 was introduced to Tianjin, China.
The fruit is conical, weighing about 400g, with a maximum of 800- 1000 g, with a yellow background and intermittent thick red stripes on the front. The meat is bluish white, the quality is excellent, the juice is rich, the fragrance is sweet and sour, and the soluble solids 12- 13%. In terms of quality, it will mature in early September.
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Hokkaido No.9 Hokkaido Central Agricultural Experimental Farm was bred by Fuji × Tsutsugaru, with the registration number 1986.
The fruit is oblong, weighing 300-350g, and bright red. The meat is yellow and white, crisp and juicy, sweet and sour, and the soluble solids are 14%- 15%. Mature in mid-September.
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Early-born Fuji, also known as Mikui, was discovered by Kazuo Heping in Pingluhe County, Akita Prefecture in 1982 and registered in 1987.
The fruit is nearly round, weighing 350g, and its coloring is similar to Changfu 2. The flesh is yellow, thicker and juicy than Fuji, and the soluble solids are 65,438+04%-65,438+05%. In terms of quality, it will mature in mid-September.
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Beidou Aomori Apple Experimental Farm is a triploid hybrid of Fuji× Lu Ao 1970.
The fruit is oblate, weighing 2 17g, with a maximum of 250g. The background color is yellow-green and bright red. The meat is yellowish white, dense, crisp and juicy, and the soluble solid content is 12.6%. Mature in mid-September.
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Hui, also known as Rongguang, was bred by crossing Guoguang × Hongyu in Aomori County, and was introduced to Lihou Township Youth Fruit Farm in wafangdian city, Liaoning Province on 1977.
The fruit is oblong, weighing 160g, with a maximum of 350g, yellow-green background and red or purple stripes on the sunny side. The meat is yellow, crisp, juicy and sweet. The content of soluble solids is 15.8%, which is fragrant. 65438+1expires at the beginning of October.
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Wang Lin's Fukushima Prefecture was selected from the seedlings of Jinguan and Indian mixed planting gardens, named after 1952, and introduced to Hebei Changli Fruit Tree Research Institute on 1979.
The fruit is oval or oval, weighing 250g, with a yellowish green background, a faint blush on the sunny side, smooth and rust-free. The meat is yellowish white, dense, crisp, juicy, sweet, soluble solids 13.5%, slightly acidic, fragrant and of good quality. 65438+1matured in early October.
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Gala bud discovered by Royal Gala of New Zealand was introduced to Shandong on 1987.
The fruit is ovoid, weighing 170g, with a maximum of 225g. The background color is milky yellow, the sunny side is bright red, the fruit points are sparse and small, and the skin is thin. The meat is milky yellow, crisp and hard, the juice is sweet, the soluble solids 14.5%, the aroma is rich and the quality is excellent. Mature in the middle and late August.
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late variety
Guoguang American variety.
The fruit is medium-sized, generally weighing about 120g, mostly oblate, with yellow-green background and red stripes, with uneven thickness. The flesh is yellow and white, the flesh is hard, the taste is sweet and sour, and the quality is above average. 65438+ 10 expires in the middle and late October.
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Fuji is a variety cultivated from the descendants of Marshal Guoguang by Fujisaki Horticultural Institute, Northeast Agricultural Experimental Field, Japanese Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. Published in 1958, extended to 1962. It not only has the excellent quality of parents, the meat taste is better than Guoguang, but also has the fragrance of marshal. Now it has basically replaced Guoguang.
The fruit is nearly round or slightly flat, with slight fruit margin. The fruit is medium or large, generally weighing 165- 180 g, with light yellow background and light yellow flesh. It tastes sweet and fragrant. At the early stage of harvest, the soluble solids were about 65438 04%, and the flavor was light. It is resistant to storage. When stored in April-May of the following year, the pulp is still crisp and juicy, and the general content of soluble solids is 15%- 16%.
The cold resistance is not as good as that of Guoguang, and the skin roughness, powdery mildew and anthracnose are heavier and the age is obvious.
1965 was introduced to China, and after more than ten years of observation and research, it has performed well in all parts of China. 1980, China introduced Fuji's red buds: Changfu No.2, Changfu No.6 and Qiu Fu 1 from Japan, which have been popularized in northern provinces of China.
Red Fuji bud mutation found in Miyazaki Prefecture.
The bud mutation of Red Fuji discovered in Fukushima Prefecture was introduced from Fukushima, Japan in 1984.
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American green banana, also known as Bailong.
The fruit is short and conical, with inconspicuous five edges at the top, weighing about 65,438+0.70 g, the fruit stalk is often inclined, with protrusions between one side, thick peel and yellow-green background. When mature, there is a lilac halo on the sunny side, which is generally not colored. The flesh is yellow and white, crisp, sweet and sour, and has a strong banana flavor. In terms of quality, it can be preserved until March-April of the following year.
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India is quoted from Japan.
Most of the fruits are oblique short cones with flat ends, weighing 170- 180 g, with thick green skin, dark purple-red halo or dark reddish brown on the sunny side, blue-yellow pulp, and yellow-white after storage. The harvested meat is hard and tough, with poor flavor. After storage, the meat quality is loose and sweet. In terms of quality, it can be preserved until May of the following year. The old channel area of the Yellow River matured at the beginning of 10 10.
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Shaanxi Fruit Research Institute of Qinguan is a variety bred by descendants of Jinguan× Jiguan. 1957, named as 1970.
The fruit is short conical and weighs 180-200g. The color is yellow-green, dark red on the sunny side with intermittent stripes, and the color is often covered with gray rust spots. The peel is thick, the flesh is yellow and white, crisp, sweet and sour, and the initial quality after harvest is medium. After storage for a period of time, the flavor is improved, thicker and the quality is above average. It can be stored at room temperature until May of the following year.
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Shengli Hebei Fruit Research Institute was cultivated by green banana × Japanese brocade. Named after 1969.
The fruit is short conical and weighs170-190g. The background color is yellow-green, almost completely covered by reddish halo and red stripe. In full color, the stripes are not obvious, and there are often large pieces of fruit rust on the fruit surface. The pulp is milky yellow, crisp and sweet, with good quality. Can be stored until April of the following year.
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Hong Xiang Fruit Research Institute of China Academy of Agricultural Sciences bred by Marshal× mixed pollen (including red pollen) and bred a hybrid single line in 1963, named 1973.
The fruit is long, conical and weighs 158g. It's a deep red with purple tones. The meat is crisp and sweet, and the soluble solid content is above 15%. It can be kept at room temperature until February next year.
This variety has high fruit setting rate, so pay attention to fruit thinning.
Pollen (including red pollen) was bred, and a hybrid single line was selected from 1963 and named as 1973.
The fruit is long, conical and weighs 158g. It's a deep red with purple tones. The meat is crisp and sweet, and the soluble solid content is above 15%. It can be kept at room temperature until February next year.
This variety has high fruit setting rate, so pay attention to fruit thinning.
Respondent: Luanxian CEO level 5- 12 2 1: 15.