Lasong is a sport that challenges the limits of human life, and it is difficult to completely avoid sports accidents. Mastering the knowledge of first aid and dealing with emergencies correctly can minimize the danger of the game. The following is my first aid knowledge about marathon medical treatment for your reference.

Marathon first aid knowledge

First, sudden death

Sudden death, also known as sudden death, is a common exercise-induced sudden death, that is, the heart stops beating and oxygen supply for a short time, which is characterized by pale face, sweating and decreased blood pressure. These are the precursors of "sudden death". In addition, sometimes there will be obvious fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, mental state mutation and so on. Later, due to cardiac arrest, it will be manifested as unconsciousness, spasm, fixed and dilated pupils, several gasping breaths, and clinical death. If the above symptoms are not found in time and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is not carried out in time, the patient will soon enter irreversible biological death in about 4-6 minutes.

It is very important to race against time and immediately carry out on-site rescue. Once a patient with sudden death is found, he should lie flat on the bed or on the ground immediately, and no movement is allowed. He should perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation immediately and call 120 for first aid.

Second, sprain.

The joint capsule, ligament and tendon attached to the outside of the joint are excessively twisted and torn, which belongs to sprain. Sprains are most common in the ankle and waist. Symptoms such as pain, swelling, blue face and inability to rotate joints are common manifestations of sprains.

1. If you sprain your ankle, first stop the athlete, then help him to one side and call the medical staff for first aid.

2. If the waist is sprained, lift the athlete aside, lie flat, make a phone call and wait for the medical staff to deal with it.

Third, calf cramps.

Leg cramps are mainly leg cramps. Not only is the pain unbearable, but also you can't move.

1. When the calf cramps, take the supine position, raise the athlete's affected limb to the vertical position, straighten the knee joint, and continuously press the patient's front foot with hands. Don't use violence when pulling, so as not to cause muscle damage.

2. Gently * * * cramp the muscles to stretch the muscles in the cramp area, and then try to stretch your feet in the direction of Gaskin to help relieve muscle spasm.

Leg cramps are caused by sudden strenuous exercise or insufficient blood supply to muscles when feet are cold. So you should pay attention to adequate rest and nutrition, and remind athletes to do warm-up exercises before departure.

Precautions for athletes before competition

1. No drinking, eating spicy food or overeating within 24 hours before the competition.

2. Three days before the competition, ensure a good sleep.

3. Eat at 1 ~ 2 hours before the game, and the food intake is unchanged at 1/2, that is, half full. Mainly digestible and sweet.

4. Drink water properly 0.5 ~ 1 hour before the competition to replenish the water lost by sweating during the competition.

5. Within 30 minutes before the game, do warm-up activities, mainly stretching, until the body is slightly hot and the heart beats faster.

Athletes' "Pole" Phenomenon

1. Athlete pole phenomenon

Refers to the phenomenon that athletes have chest tightness, asthma, poor coordination, rapid pulse, high blood pressure, difficulty breathing, muscle aches and slow speed. During the competition, it is also commonly known as the "pole". The appearance of "pole" means that when the human body changes from a relatively static state to strenuous exercise, the muscles immediately engage in intense work, while the internal organs are too lazy to mobilize all functions immediately to fully supply muscle nutrition and metabolism. When the "pole" phenomenon appears, athletes who have undergone systematic training can resume normal by appropriately reducing their running speed and taking a few deep breaths, and continue to participate in the competition. Athletes who have not undergone systematic training or cannot return to normal after the above treatment should quit the competition and go to the nearest medical station for treatment.

2. Collapse state

During the competition, if you have paroxysmal blackness, severe dyspnea, suffocation, cold sweat, etc., you should immediately stop the competition and go to the nearest medical station for treatment or ask volunteers for help.

3. Abdominal pain, calf cramps

It usually happens to athletes who have not been systematically trained. If the above situation is ineffective after simple treatment, you should quit the competition, go to the nearest medical station for treatment or ask volunteers for help.

4. Muscle strain and ankle sprain

You should quit the competition, go to the nearest medical station for treatment or ask volunteers for help.

How to deal with cardiac arrest in running a marathon?

The common sudden death caused by exercise is that after abnormal ventricular fibrillation, the heart will temporarily stop beating and stop oxygen supply, while the human brain only stores oxygen for about 10 second. If defibrillation cannot be performed in time, the survival rate will decrease by 7% to 1 0% after1min every night. If 10 minutes later can't get effective treatment, the hope of survival is very slim.

According to previous cases, patients with cardiac arrest will not have too many symptoms before they feel chest pain, and chest pain often takes only a few seconds to fall down, which is hard to prevent. Therefore, the first aid after the danger is very important.

What should we do if people around us have a cardiac arrest and fall down while running? Most runners may think of "pinching people" or mouth-to-mouth resuscitation, but these are actually "useless". The correct way is to press the chest at the first time to help the heart recover and call the surrounding medical staff.