Knowledge: Wang Shoudao (1April 906-1September 996 13), formerly known as Wang Fanglin, was born in Liuyang, Hunan. Proletarian revolutionist, one of the pioneers and founders of new China transportation, alternate member and member of the 7th Central Committee of the China Production Party, and member of the 8th, 9th, 10th and 11th Central Committee. Vice Chairman of the 5th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, former member of the Standing Committee of the Central Advisory Committee.
First, set up farmers' associations. /kloc-in the winter of 0/925, Lei Jing 'an graduated from Guangzhou Peasant Movement Workshop and was sent back to his hometown-Qiyang served as the Commissioner of the Peasant Movement and led the organization to carry out revolutionary work. After returning to Qi, on the one hand, he joined the Preparatory Committee of the Kuomintang Party Department, carried out activities as a teacher of the first senior middle school in the county, actively publicized the revolution, developed activists and joined the Kuomintang. On the other hand, he developed Liao and Duan in these national party member, joined the China * * * Production Party, and established the special branch of Qiyang County in Zhongyang (the first secretary of Lei Jing 'an) as the leading body of the workers and peasants revolutionary movement in Qiyang. After the establishment of the organization, the workers' movement was organized in time, and the New Qiyang Newspaper was founded to publicize the revolution and carry out the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal struggle.
After the workers' movement was launched, the secret service lost no time in pushing the revolutionary movement to the countryside. They set up the Preparatory Committee of Qiyang County Farmers' Association and organized the county-wide farmers' movement. With the beginning of the Northern Expedition, Lei Jing 'an took over the county regimental defense headquarters and gradually put education and armed forces in the hands of revolutionaries.
With the rise of the workers' and peasants' movement in Qiyang County,1September, 926, party member Wang Shoudao (then called Wang Yifen) was sent to Qiyang to lead the revolutionary movement and take over as the secretary of Qiyang Teke. Wang Shoudao developed nine workers and peasants activists and progressive teachers to join the China * * * Production Party, which expanded the Party organization. Immediately, they went to the countryside separately to guide the peasant movement. After comprehensive organization, the peasant movement in Qiyang County has developed rapidly. By the middle of 5438+ 10, farmers' associations or preparatory committees had been established in five districts and 70 townships of the county/kloc-0, with more than 6,000 members.
1926 5438+00 In mid-June, the first farmers' congress in Qiyang County was held and the county farmers' association was established. The meeting elected Lei Jing 'an as chairman, He Zhennan as vice chairman, members Jiang, Liao and Vivi, and Wang Shangyu as secretary. Since then, the peasant movement in Qiyang County has become the backbone.
Second, set up training schools. In order to expand its influence and quickly set off the upsurge of the peasant movement, Wang Shoudao, referring to the model of Guangzhou peasant movement workshop, opened a party affairs training institute in the county model primary school in February, 1927+65438, to train young cadres of the party, government, army, agriculture, industry and women. At that time, there were more than 260 students, divided into four classes: party affairs, agricultural movement, labor movement and teachers. Lei Jing 'an, Wang Shoudao, Li Zhenqiu, Jiang Yuhua, Xiao Dizhai, etc. 17 people served as teachers and offered courses 13. They talked about Sun Wen Doctrine, Marxism-Leninism and basic training such as military, singing and speaking. In March, recommended by Wang Shoudao, Li Zhenqiu, who returned to Qi from Hunan University, took over the post of Qiyang Special Branch Secretary, and he devoted himself to the work of agricultural transportation.
Wang Shoudao also paid attention to ideologically guiding farmers to change their customs, breaking feudal superstitions, advocating modern civilization and cracking down on hooligans and local ruffians. Farmers' associations at all levels have women's federations and boy scouts to organize students and children to sing revolutionary songs and rehearse civilized dramas. For example, revolutionary songs such as "Come on, come on, farmers, we are rioting, fighting bravely, not afraid of sacrifice, killing the strongholds of imperialism, feudal warlords and local tyrants and evil gentry, and revolutionary slogans such as" Down with imperialism, down with warlords, down with local tyrants and evil gentry "; Some also organize farmers to go to night schools to learn culture and revolutionary theory, and some organize rehearsals of civilized dramas and lectures on revolutionary songs to encourage women to fight for equal rights and resist feudal clan rights and husband rights, and so on; For a period of time, the peasant movement flourished, and all localities abolished the old and innovated, punishing the evil and promoting the good, so that many feudal bad habits and the remnants of ethics basically disappeared.
Third, suppress local tyrants and evil gentry. At that time, the Kuomintang Hunan Provincial Party Department promulgated the Provisional Regulations on Punishing Local tyrants and evil gentry. Soon, Qiyang also set up a special court to punish local tyrants and evil gentry. Liu Pengnian, the county magistrate, Lei Jing 'an, chairman of the county agricultural association, and Jiang Yuhua, member of the Standing Committee of the county party committee, took turns as the president. In view of this situation, Wang Shoudao, Lei Jing 'an, Jiang Yuhua and others organized farmers in a timely manner, arrested and imprisoned the tyrannical bullies, evil gentry, local ruffians and hooligans, gamblers, smokers, Ling Niang and other people who abused their wives, or sent them out of the valley, or fought at the conference, or marched in high hats. At the same time, resolutely suppress those local tyrants and evil gentry who commit heinous crimes and resist armed forces, so as to further mobilize the masses.
Jiangyan, a bully in Guiyang, the eastern district, has been rampant in the countryside for a long time, doing many evils, harming the people and often trying to undermine the peasant movement. Hao Huiyuan, the head of the farmers' association in Guiyang District, organized members of the rural farmers' association. Under the leadership of Jiang, Jiang Yan was arrested and taken to the county seat, and was sentenced to death by the county special court.
Tang, the big landlord of Wenmingpu Sanguantang, has been exploiting and oppressing farmers by force for a long time. His crimes are heinous and the people are extremely angry. 1in March, 927, Tang Zhenya, the chairman of the district farmers' association, led hundreds of people to arrest him and sent him to the county for trial, and was sentenced to death by the county special court;
1927 in early April, Deng Guoguang, a special correspondent of the Oriental Peasant Movement, organized farmers to arrest Li Hao Pockmarked, who was powerful in Jiuzhou and gathered against the peasant association, and was executed on the spot by angry people at the Guiyang struggle meeting.
1in the middle of April, 927, Liu Meixuan, an armed strongman in the west of Luokou Town, destroyed the peasant movement in the surrounding countryside and threatened the backbone of the peasant movement. Wang Shoudao organized sixty-five thousand four hundred and thirty-eight members of farmers' associations all over the western district+one hundred thousand members to jointly attack Liu Jiayuan. Seeing that the situation was not good, Liu quickly fled to Shaoyang, and the angry farmers immediately copied his property.
Soon, he and Jiang organized more than 30,000 farmers from villages near Dazhong Bridge to jointly attack the home of Guo Zi 'an, the former deputy speaker of the county council who sabotaged the peasant movement. As a result, local tyrants and evil gentry were frightened, and some surrendered to the peasant associations and bowed their heads for mercy; Others fled to other places with their families and bodyguards.
Since Jiang Yan, Tang, Li Hao and other local tyrants and evil gentry were eradicated, all the power in the countryside was vested in the peasant associations, and the enthusiasm of farmers was greatly improved, which was unprecedented with the party member revolution.
Fourth, the revolution entered a low tide. 1927, influenced by the "April 12th" counter-revolutionary coup and the "Ma Ri incident" in Changsha, Wang Deguang, the head of Lingling Garrison, launched the "Mi Ri Incident", arrested and slaughtered many * * * producers and revolutionary masses, and many * * * producers and revolutionary masses were killed.
When Wang Shoudao learned of this situation, he immediately called Lei Jing 'an, Jiang Yuhua and others to discuss countermeasures. In view of the fact that party member's identity was made public when Wang Shoudao criticized the local tyrants, everyone suggested that he take refuge first. After the meeting, Wang Shoudao came out from the back wall of Longshan and took refuge in Longtanchong Village, Longkouyuan, where the second district farmers' association is located.
Before he left, he told the comrades of the district peasant association to try to inquire about the situation of Lei Jing 'an, Jiang Yuhua and others. That evening, the inquirer sent back the news that LeiJing Ann, Jiang Yuhua and others were killed. The situation is getting more and more tense, so there is no need to stay in Longkou Hospital. Wang Shoudao and others moved to Dongan Baiya City.
Soon after, he moved to his reliable hometown of Dongan Hengtang again. After living there for more than a month, Wang Shoudao broke up with two comrades-in-arms and went to Changsha alone to find a party organization. He returned to the revolutionary torrent and gradually grew into a senior leading cadre in the long revolutionary war.
Qiyang is the first stop for Wang Shoudao to participate in revolutionary work. Wang Shoudao has a very deep revolutionary feeling for Qiyang people. 195 1 10 In June, Wang Shoudao, then chairman of Hunan Provincial People's Government, visited Qiyang and wrote an elegy for the dead comrades.