1. Natural characteristics of the river: The Yellow River is the second longest river in China, flowing through the vast loess plateau and mountainous areas, with concentrated rainfall and large flow in the basin. The Yellow River has a large amount of water and sediment, and its channel is shallow and narrow, which is easy to form blockage and sediment deposition. Climatic factors: The Yellow River basin is affected by monsoon, and there is more rainfall in summer, especially in flood season, which is easy to cause floods.
2. At the same time, the combined action of snowmelt and rainfall in spring makes the river flow increase sharply, which is easy to cause river burst flood. Land use and water resources management: The economy of the Yellow River Basin has developed rapidly, and large-scale agriculture and urbanization have led to the occupation of a large amount of land, and there are also problems in the utilization and management of water resources.
3. Unreasonable land use and lack of effective water resources control measures are likely to cause soil erosion and floods. River course diversion and dike damage: The Yellow River has been diverted many times in history, and the river course changes and lateral siltation lead to river course siltation, which increases the risk of river course blockage and flood. At the same time, human factors such as imperfect dike construction and damage will also aggravate the degree of flood.
4. Impact of human activities: Overexploitation, indiscriminate mining, illegal construction along the river and other activities lead to the increase of surface coverage, which hinders the infiltration of rainwater and the recharge of groundwater. When there is too much rainfall, water cannot be discharged quickly, which increases the possibility of floods.
5. Poor river management: For a long time, there have been deficiencies in river management and water resources management in the Yellow River Basin. River dredging and dredging are not timely, which leads to river bed siltation, reduced river capacity, poor flood passage and increased flood risk. At the same time, the water level management and flood dispatching of reservoirs need to be more scientific, flexible and timely to cope with the flood threat under different conditions.
The methods of harnessing the Yellow River are as follows:
1. River dredging: Dredge and dredge the Yellow River regularly to increase the water capacity of the river and keep it unblocked. This can be done by mechanical dredging, blasting dredging and hydraulic dredging. Reservoir construction and water storage: A reservoir will be built in the Yellow River basin to regulate the peak flow, reduce the river pressure and prevent flooding.
2. The reservoir can temporarily store a large amount of water during the flood and release water after the flood peak. Dike and revetment construction: Strengthen the Yellow River shoreline reinforcement and protection project, build dikes and revetments, and improve dike safety and flood control capacity. At the same time, for some river sections prone to crevasses, measures can be taken to reinforce and prevent crevasses from forming.