The content of fructooligosaccharides in yacon is 60-70% of dry matter, which is the highest among all plants. It is also rich in minerals and trace elements such as calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, potassium and selenium. Japanese research also found that taking 3-6g fructooligosaccharides every day can reduce the content of toxic carcinogens in human feces by more than 40% within 3 weeks. Yacon carbohydrates are rarely absorbed by human body, which is very suitable for diabetics and dieters. Fructooligosaccharides have the following characteristics: ① digestion and conditioning of gastrointestinal tract; ② It is the growth promoter of intestinal beneficial flora, which produces bifidus factor; ③ Regulating blood, eliminating hyperlipidemia and effectively controlling cholesterol and diabetes; (4) laxatives to prevent and treat diarrhea; ⑤ Reduce pathogenic fire and detoxify, and prevent facial blisters and acne; ⑥ Improve immunity.
Side effects: People with severe colds and bad stomachs should eat carefully. If you eat too much, you will have symptoms such as stomach cold and soup.
It should be noted that yacon contains a chemical component-tannin, also known as tannic acid. Yacon will turn brown when exposed to the air after being cut and peeled. The reason for discoloration is that due to oxidation, quinone polymers produced by phenols in tannins form brown pigments, that is, melanin. In order to prevent discoloration, peeled and cut yacon can be soaked in clear water to isolate it from the air, which can prevent oxidation discoloration.
Medicinal value and health care function of yacon
1, regulating blood, reducing blood sugar, blood lipid and cholesterol, preventing and treating hypertension and diabetes, and also having certain curative effects on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and obesity. 2, help digestion, conditioning and improve the bad condition of the digestive system. Because yacon is rich in water-soluble dietary fiber and fructooligosaccharides with the highest content in all plants, it can significantly promote gastrointestinal peristalsis, moisten the intestines and relax the bowels, not only eliminate constipation, but also prevent diarrhea, which is the bane of gastrointestinal diseases. The most wonderful thing is that it is the proliferation factor of intestinal Bifidobacterium, which overcomes the systemic diseases caused by the imbalance in the reduction of intestinal beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium caused by the tense pace of life and excessive use of antibiotics, and can remove environmental pollutants from everyone's body from food. It is the scavenger and protector of the stomach.
3. It can resist oxidation, scavenge free radicals and reduce or avoid the occurrence of lithiasis.
4. It has the effects of clearing away liver-heat, detoxicating, reducing fire and lowering blood pressure, and is an effective natural health care product for preventing and treating facial acne and acne. Yacon also contains more than 20 kinds of oxygenated acids and minerals, as well as trace elements such as calcium, iron, potassium and selenium. Regular consumption can improve human immunity. It has the effect of strengthening the body, and it is also a natural way for men to strengthen yang and enhance sexual function. Nowadays, yacon is a beautiful and fashionable fruit. Yacon is a rare crop. Its appearance indicates the beginning of a new era of health-care fruits, and the supply will be in short supply in 10. It can make growers rich and users strong. [Edit this paragraph] The whole lotus fruit is planted in many countries in the world, and the name of each country is different. After it was introduced into China, it also had several names, such as yacon, Jerusalem artichoke, Saussurea involucrata, ginseng fruit, Argonquiagon and so on. Among them, the names of Argonne and Argonne may come from the transliteration of the local name Argonne. Yacon belongs to Compositae, and it uses some forms of potato. We think it is more appropriate to call it "chrysanthemum potato" and classify it as potato and taro vegetables.
1985 saitama was successfully introduced and cultivated in Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan, Guizhou, Hunan, Hubei, Shandong, Henan and Hebei in recent years. The production demonstration area exceeds 96 hectares. Products are mostly used for export, and some of them enter supermarkets. [Edit this paragraph] Cultivation techniques 1. Land preparation and ridging: select high-quality sandy soil with convenient irrigation and drainage, apply 2000-3000 kg of farm manure per mu, spread it evenly, and then plough deeply, without applying chemical fertilizers and pesticides, with row spacing 1m, plant spacing of 0.6 m and fixed planting 165438 per mu.
2. Planting: The planting period varies from place to place. Generally, it is planted in spring when the ground temperature of 5cm is stable at 14- 15℃, and it can be planted in protected land in advance. The planting method can be directly planted in the field, or it can be planted in the field after the seedlings are raised in the greenhouse with nutrition bowls or bags. In summer, branches and underground sprouting lateral branches can also be cut.
3. Management: After planting, when the height of the seedlings is 20cm, water them to conserve moisture, and combine weeding and soil cultivation. If the amount of fertilization before planting is insufficient, an appropriate amount of soil miscellaneous fertilizer should be added at this stage. Be careful not to use chemical fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides. Water the soil when it is dry and drain it in time after rain. When the stem grows to about 1m, tillers will grow at the base, resulting in gloomy fields. For those with average growth, 1-2 tiller growth can be selected appropriately. In order to expand propagation, broken tillers can be used as propagation materials for cutting, and a large number of bulbs will be harvested when growing in late autumn.
4. Fruit harvest: around 10, the bunches of flowers at the top of the plant began to wither, the leaves began to turn yellow, and the fruits began to be dug. The south can stay underground for the winter and dig it out for sale at any time. The north should be dug up before the frost and stored in the cellar, like sweet potatoes. Stems can be used as high-quality feed, leaves and flowers have high nutritional value, and can be dried for tea or processed and reused. Generally speaking, each plant bears 3 fruits.
5. Seed conservation: after the yacon is dug, cut off the seed balls on the upper part of the fruit, dry the wound, soak it in potassium permanganate solution of 100 times for 3 minutes, take it out and bury it in a cellar or a room free from freezing damage with wet sand for planting next spring.
Seedling raising and transplanting techniques of yacon covered with plastic film
In order to obtain high quality and high yield of yacon, it is an effective measure to improve the yield and quality of yacon by using plastic film mulching seedling transplanting technology, sowing seedlings in advance, prolonging plant growth period, increasing light time, enhancing photosynthesis and maintaining soil temperature and humidity.
Plastic film mulching technology:
First of all, as we have explained before, the subsoil should be watered with sufficient fertilizer, ploughed and leveled, and planted according to the row spacing of 85 ~ 100 cm. We will use a small four-wheeled tractor with a ridger of 1.2 m to 1.3 m to scrape the soil and ridge for 20 ~. After land clearing, the plastic film covering time should be about ten days before the local early spring frost. Warm the head and cool the tail in a calm sunny day, and cover with 70 ~ 80 cm film. If you want to interplant watermelon, melon and other crops in early spring, you can choose plastic film mulching 1.2 m to1.3 m. If possible, you can use a four-wheeled tractor to hang the mulcher for mulch. If not, it can also be covered with artificial plastic film. After mulching with plastic film, drill holes to sow or dig holes to plant seedlings according to the appropriate spacing of 45 ~ 60 cm. Pay attention to cover the film holes with soil, or plant seeds first and then cover with plastic film, so that the moisturizing and heat preservation effect is better.
Seedling transplanting technology:
Plant seedlings one and a half months in advance according to the transplanting time. Spring transplanting and seedling raising can start at the end of February and the beginning of March, and the temperature can be raised in the greenhouse or ordinary room. Seedling raising can be divided into two types: nutrition pot seedling raising and hotbed plot seedling raising. To raise seedlings in nutrient pots, nutrient soil should be prepared first, and it is best to add a small amount of decomposed fertilizer to fertile and sterile soil. When the humidity is about 50%, you should hold the ball in your hand and scatter it when it hits the ground. Then put it into a 6 ~ 8 cm nutrition bowl, plant a single bud (the seed is disinfected with carbendazim first), sprinkle soil to cover the bud eye, and then spray it with a sprayer. The control temperature is about 25℃, the lowest shall not be lower than 15%, and the highest shall not exceed 35℃. Generally, it takes about 10 days to germinate and emerge. Observation and management should be strengthened at ordinary times, seedlings should be tempered 10 days before transplanting, and it is better to cover them with plastic film after first frost period. To raise seedlings in hotbed, prepare plastic film, bamboo chips, straw mats and other materials first, and then dig the seedbed. According to the planting area, it is generally per mu 1500 plants, and the seedbed is 30 square meters. The seedbed is 2 ~ 3 meters wide, depending on the number of seedlings. The hotbed soil is the same as the nutrient soil mentioned above. After planting, tie bamboo slices, cover with plastic film and cover with grass. However, the grass quilt should be lifted early and covered late to facilitate light absorption and warming. It was a few days before the seedlings sprouted in the hotbed, but it didn't flourish in Miao Zhuang. Ten days before transplanting, seedlings should also be exercised in the open air. When transplanting, use a shovel to block the seedlings, then gently pick them up and put them down, and transplant them into the field in time, whether it is a greenhouse nutrition bowl for seedling raising. At present, it is still a hotbed for seedling raising in blocks. It is best to cover the transplanted fields with plastic film (film mulching first and then planting seedlings). So as to facilitate heat preservation and moisture retention. Water and cover the soil in time after planting seedlings. Transplanting in early spring should be watered at acupoints or with small water to avoid flooding.