Cold effect: cold water can relieve pain, diminish inflammation and eliminate edema.
Buoyancy: Use the buoyancy of water to share a part of your weight as an exercise aid, making it easier for you to exercise.
Purified water pressure: one of the resistance sources to eliminate edema and muscle strength training.
Viscosity (from the attraction between water molecules): Viscosity can be regarded as one of the resistance sources of muscle strength training in water. Resistance and buoyancy (auxiliary) should be considered together when exercising in water, and appropriate exercise skills should be adopted to give patients buoyancy or resistance according to their needs.
Mechanical action: vortex is generated, which can be used to clean open wounds and scabs of old dressings.
Hydrotherapy is a method to prevent and treat diseases by using water with different temperature, pressure and solute content to act on human body in different ways.
The effects of hydrotherapy on human body mainly include temperature stimulation, mechanical stimulation and chemical stimulation.
According to its usage, it can be divided into immersion bath, shower, jet bath, whirlpool bath, bubble bath and so on. According to its temperature, it can be divided into high temperature water bath, warm water bath, flat warm water bath and cold water bath; According to the drugs it contains, it can be divided into carbonic acid bath, turpentine bath, physiological saline bath and starch bath.
Classification:
Can be divided into immersion bath, shower, jet bath, whirlpool bath, bubble bath and so on. According to its temperature, it can be divided into high temperature water bath, warm water bath, flat warm water bath and cold water bath; According to the drugs it contains, it can be divided into carbonic acid bath, turpentine bath, physiological saline bath and starch bath.
Efficacy and function:
There are many functions of hydrotherapy, including: constant temperature cooling, muscle relaxation, brain cell regeneration and resurrection, increasing blood oxygen, promoting heart function, promoting blood circulation, skin bleaching, cleaning pores, removing body odor, and removing aging cuticle of skin. The principle is that through the alternate use of various hydrotherapy equipment, oxygen-rich water is absorbed and acupoints are massaged by hydrotherapy, so as to achieve the functions of treatment and health care and give people vitality and health.
Mechanism of hydrotherapy:
The basic factors that hydrotherapy plays a therapeutic role are:
Temperature stimulation
The water temperature used is mostly higher or lower than the human body temperature. Cold and warm stimuli can make the human body have completely different reactions, and the response to cold stimuli is rapid and strong. But the response to warm stimulation is slow and not strong. The greater the difference between water temperature and body temperature, the stronger the reaction, the wider the temperature stimulation range and the larger the area, the stronger the stimulation, and the duration of action is directly proportional to the degree of reaction within a certain time range. For example, cold stimulation causes excitement in a short time and paralysis after a long time, while repeated application of temperature stimulation weakens the reaction. Therefore, the intensity of stimulation should be gradually increased during hydrotherapy to maintain adequate response.
mechanical irritation
Spa contains a variety of mechanical stimuli.
① Hydrostatic pressure stimulation: In ordinary bath, the hydrostatic pressure is 40 ~ 60g/cm. The patient felt a sense of oppression in his chest and abdomen when taking a bath, and it was difficult to breathe. Patients need to breathe hard to compensate, which regulates the metabolism of gas. Hydrostatic pressure affects blood circulation and compresses blood vessels and lymphatic vessels on the body surface, which can promote the increase of body fluid reflux and cause the redistribution of body fluids in the body.
② Impact stimulation of water flow: shower, direct shower and needle shower all produce great mechanical stimulation. Clinically, 2 ~ 3 atmospheres of omni-directional water flow is used to impact the human body. At this time, mechanical stimulation is the main method, and the water temperature may be low, but it causes obvious vasodilation and excites the nervous system.
(3) Buoyancy: According to Archimedes' principle, an object immersed in water is subjected to an upward buoyancy (its size is equal to the weight of the same volume of water excluded by the object). Based on buoyancy, it is labor-saving to move in water. The weight lost by human body in water is about 9/ 10 of body weight. For patients with bedsore, burn and polyneuritis, immersion bath can relieve the pressure on the body, and at the same time, with the help of buoyancy of water, they can exercise in the water. Patients with rigidity are more likely to move in water. Muscle spasms and atrophy can be treated by water gymnastics and massage.
Chemical stimulation
The water used in the fresh water bath contains trace minerals. If a small amount of mineral salts, drugs and gases are added to the water, the stimulation of these chemicals can strengthen the role of hydrotherapy and make the body obtain special therapeutic effects.
Spa method:
Medicinal bath can dissolve inorganic salts, aromatic drugs, irritating drugs and Chinese herbal medicines in fresh water and then take a water bath, which can replace natural mineral water bath and adjust the components in water as needed.
① Salt bath: salt is added to the fresh water bath for thickening, with the concentration of 1 ~ 2%, which has the functions of improving metabolism and strengthening the body, and is suitable for rheumatism and rheumatoid arthritis. 35% high concentration saline bath has a good effect on psoriasis.
2 Turpentine bath: also known as aromatic bath, turpentine powder is added to the fresh water bath, and the bath water is light green and fragrant, which is mostly used in warm water bath. It has sedative effect and is often used for neurosis, polyneuritis, myalgia, etc. , which is dominant in the initial stage of hypertension.
③ Alkali bath: adding unrefined sodium bicarbonate to fresh water is called alkali bath. Calcium oxide and magnesium oxide can also be added at the same time. It has the functions of softening cutin and degreasing, and can be used for various skin diseases, and has certain curative effect on erythroderma (exfoliative dermatitis) and pityriasis rubra.
④ Traditional Chinese medicine bath: made into decoction according to TCM syndrome differentiation, and added into fresh water bath.
Gas bath dissolves a certain concentration of gas in fresh water.
① CO2 bath: The equipment is simple and can be carried out at home. When bathing, the skin is obviously congested and red, the blood circulation is improved, the heart rate is slowed down, the breathing is slowed down, the lung ventilation function is enhanced, and the heart burden is reduced. Carbon dioxide bath is suitable for mild cardiac insufficiency, early hypertension, hypotension, vasospasm, Raynaud's disease and so on. Atherosclerosis, angina pectoris, heart failure, aneurysm, tuberculosis and other diseases are prohibited.
② Hydrogen sulfide bath: Hydrogen sulfide can enter human body through undamaged skin. It can destroy the production of histamine and other active substances by parenchymal cells, improve the function of mononuclear phagocyte system, increase tissue permeability and weaken the function of blood-brain barrier, and has detoxification effect on heavy metal poisoning such as aluminum, mercury and bismuth. Hydrogen sulfide bath is suitable for cardiovascular diseases, chronic aluminum poisoning, angiitis obliterans, psoriasis, dry eczema, chronic recurrent furuncle, chronic ulcer and so on. Liver and kidney diseases with dysfunction are prohibited. Hydrogen sulfide is toxic and smelly, so indoor ventilation equipment should be good when taking a bath, and the indications should be strictly controlled.
(3) Radon bath: Radon is a direct product of radium conversion, which is soluble in water and radioactive, emitting α, β and γ rays. The half-life is 92 hours, so the prepared concentrated radon gas should be used in time. Radon gas bath is suitable for rheumatic, infectious or metabolic arthritis, gout, radiculitis, neurosis, chronic thrombophlebitis, pelvic inflammatory disease, gastric and duodenal ulcer, chronic eczema, etc. Active tuberculosis, severe arteriosclerosis and malignant tumor are prohibited.
Treatment of various physical exercises in water. It has the dual therapeutic effects of hydrotherapy and medical exercise. It is suitable for patients with limb motor dysfunction, joint atrophy and increased muscle tension. With the buoyancy of water, patients can actively exercise in the water, such as gymnastics, swimming, horizontal bar, parallel bars, water polo and so on. You can also passively exercise limbs joints and massage in water with the guidance and help of medical staff.
Underwater intestinal lavage bath is a kind of treatment method of soaking bath and continuous intestinal lavage at the same time, and there must be a special device for continuous intestinal lavage. The patient bathed in the bathtub and cleaned his intestines. Because the tension of abdominal muscles and intestine is weakened in warm water bath, it is beneficial for intestinal lavage water to enter the deep part of intestine, remove feces, mucus, decomposition and fermentation products, reduce inflammatory stimulation, reflexively improve intestinal tension and increase bile and urine excretion. Suitable for intestinal dysfunction, chronic enteritis, chronic cholecystitis, obesity, pyloric spasm, urticaria, etc. Gastrointestinal ulcer, intestinal stenosis, abdominal adhesion, hemorrhoids, nephritis, cardiac insufficiency, tumor, tuberculosis and fever are contraindications.