In recent years, with the rapid development of China's transportation infrastructure, all aspects of bridge construction technology have been greatly improved. The quality and safety of the project is a major event related to national construction and social progress. The quality of bridge engineering is not only related to the smooth traffic, but also related to the normal operation of the national economy. Strengthening the quality management of bridge engineering in an all-round way is helpful to national economic construction and people's property safety.
1 Factors affecting bridge construction management
1. 1 building material coefficient
Building materials are an important guarantee for the quality of engineering construction. If there is a problem with the quality of building materials, the quality of the project will not reach the standard. At present, many domestic building materials do not meet the quality requirements. For example, it is a very serious problem to slim down the steel bar, and the original characteristics of the steel bar after slimming have changed. These unqualified building materials greatly restrict the quality of the project.
1.2 Human factors
Human factors mainly refer to the comprehensive quality of leaders, managers and builders. An important reason for the continuous problems in China's construction industry is that managers' behavior is not standardized and their quality is not high. The project manager has a great influence on the project quality, which determines the construction quality to some extent.
1.3 construction machinery and equipment factors
Mechanical equipment is an indispensable tool in modern construction, and its performance directly affects the progress and quality of bridge engineering. Mechanical equipment should be maintained in time, used and maintained reasonably to ensure the good operation of mechanical equipment.
1.4 environmental factors
The influence of environment on bridge construction quality is very complicated. Environmental factors affecting the quality of bridge construction, including rainstorm, temperature, humidity, intense heat, severe cold and strong wind, will directly or indirectly affect the quality of bridge construction.
2 bridge construction management methods
2. 1 Bridge construction units strengthen safety management.
In order to improve safety awareness, bridge construction enterprises must understand the safety management of bridge construction from the perspective of the country, society and people. Bridge construction management should follow the concept of "people-oriented, systematic management, safety first, prevention first". Start the implementation of the safety production management strengthening system. The safety system is perfect, the rules and regulations are complete, and the implementation work is intensified. The operating rules of bridge safety production are embodied in the concrete construction management. Production accidents in bridge enterprises can be divided into two categories: internal causes and external causes. The internal cause refers to the fact that the psychological activities and skills of the internal personnel of the bridge construction unit do not meet the requirements of the enterprise; External causes refer to the failure of preventive measures, equipment conditions and working environment to meet the requirements of enterprise safety production. Statistics show that 70% ~ 75% of accidents in enterprises are caused by operators' illegal operation. Therefore, bridge construction managers must investigate the psychological activities of the parties involved in the accident when investigating the accident. Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, a large number of new mechanical equipment appear, which brings new safe operation problems to operators. Modern bridge construction is mostly group work, and teams are prepared according to working procedures and types of work. It is the key to ensure the safety management of bridge construction to comprehensively improve the safety awareness of each worker and implement safety education. The safety work of bridge construction management involves many fields and disciplines, and it is impossible to get immediate results, which requires unremitting efforts. Bridge construction units should constantly improve the system and strive to improve the quality of construction personnel. Strengthen the safety training of bridge construction personnel. Different ways such as safety education on bridge construction site and hiring experts to teach can be adopted to achieve the training requirements and objectives.
2.2 Strengthen the technical management of bridge construction
The technical management of bridge engineering construction is an effective guarantee to speed up the construction progress, ensure the engineering quality, improve the economic benefit and reduce the cost. After the bridge engineering construction contract is signed, the engineering department is responsible for compiling the construction organization design, which is approved by the project chief engineer and finally submitted to the project supervisor for approval. Its main contents include: main construction procedures and methods, total construction progress, various resource demand plans, technical and economic indicators, general situation of the project, etc.
The chief engineer of the project department shall organize engineers and technicians to participate in the blue prints.the design. Matters needing attention in joint review of drawings: (1) Whether the drawing design is clear, definite and contradictory. (2) Study the necessity and feasibility of some projects with complicated construction operations, and check them by enlarging samples and detailed drawings. (3) The new technology should be tested in kind.
In order to make the bridge construction personnel fully understand the drawings, the technical department should make technical disclosure to the construction team, and the technical personnel of the construction team should make technical disclosure to the construction team. Disclosure contents generally include: design changes, drawings, individual measures, work instructions, etc. Disclosure records should include: the main contents of technical documents, the signatures of disclosure participants, and how to deal with existing problems. In order to strengthen the quality control of bridge engineering, a site laboratory should be established at the construction site. The test mainly includes: standard test, material test, acceptance test, construction technology test, etc.
2.3 Strengthen the quality management of bridge construction
Quality control of bridge construction is a constantly changing project, a dynamic process and the soul of bridge construction management. Because of the complexity of bridge construction, quality control is relatively difficult.
Strengthen the cultivation of quality consciousness and establish a reasonable construction system and scheme. It is necessary to regularly carry out centralized training to publicize the quality awareness of bridge engineering, so that the quality awareness control can be implemented in every quality control link. Establish a scientific assessment mechanism and incorporate the assessment results into the year-end assessment.
For bridge construction projects, in order to unify the building materials, unified bidding can be carried out, which is convenient for the construction management system to standardize the construction standards, and the standardized operation greatly reduces the construction cost.
In the construction of bridge engineering, it is necessary to strengthen supervision and inspection and control the procurement of materials. The procurement cost of some large-scale machinery and equipment is high, so the procurement must be strictly controlled. The quality of purchased materials directly affects the quality of the project, and the procurement of materials must be strictly controlled. When purchasing, the supplier's quality assurance ability should be evaluated. Establish the management system of material transportation, processing and storage, reduce the material occupation and avoid material deterioration. Strengthen the inspection and acceptance of materials, and conduct inspection in strict accordance with the acceptance standards stipulated by the state.
2.4 Do a good job in cost control and management.
The cost of road and bridge construction projects refers to the main product cost of construction enterprises. Usually, each specific project of the construction unit is taken as the accounting object, and the construction cost of each specific road and bridge project is assessed through scientific and reasonable accounting. The goal of road and bridge construction management is to complete road and bridge construction projects safely, smoothly and with high quality with the shortest construction period and the lowest cost. Cost is a comprehensive reflection of the above objectives. Therefore, cost control is the core of highway bridge construction management. First of all, in the bidding stage of highway and bridge construction projects, the cost of highway and bridge construction projects should be predicted scientifically and reasonably according to the general situation of the whole project, and bidding opinions should be put forward. Secondly, in the construction preparation stage, according to the construction design drawings and other relevant information, the technical and economic comparison of various feasible schemes is made, and then the scientific, reasonable and economical construction scheme of highway and bridge construction project is selected, and the specific cost budget is made on this basis, and the budget is strictly controlled in the construction process. Third, in the construction stage, according to the raw material consumption quota, labor quota, machinery and equipment procurement quota, cost standard, etc. , the actual cost is strictly controlled. Fourth, during the completion delivery and warranty period, strictly control the completion acceptance process and the expenses incurred during the warranty period.
2.5 improve the utilization rate of machinery
Due to the influence of schedule and weather, when the number of machines needs to be adjusted, managers must change the combination of machines accordingly. Attention should be paid to the arrangement of machinery construction: choose the leading machinery according to the quality requirements, production capacity and progress of machinery, and leave appropriate allowance. Note that the production capacity of complete sets of machinery is determined by the machinery with the smallest production capacity. Therefore, we must strengthen the allocation of machinery, maintain the best combination of machinery, and fully improve the utilization rate of machinery. It is necessary to organize an emergency repair and maintenance team, prepare sufficient key components, carry out maintenance on time and as planned, troubleshoot at any time and place, ensure the mechanical integrity rate and ensure the efficient and normal operation of the project.
In order to strengthen and ensure the quality of road and bridge engineering, we must control all links and strengthen the quality control of foundation work and construction. Many problems need to be solved urgently. We should learn from the mature experience of all parties to ensure the sustained and stable development of roads and bridges in China.
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To improve the quality of bridge engineering, it is necessary to carry out scientific construction management. Quality management of bridge construction is the core content of bridge construction management. With the continuous improvement of construction equipment and the continuous maturity of construction technology, construction management technology has also been improved accordingly. This paper expounds the management methods of bridge construction, and provides reference for bridge construction managers.
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