The earth is like a huge magnet, and its magnetic poles are near the North and South poles. The familiar compass always points to the north-south direction because of the influence of the geomagnetic field, and the charged particle flow from the sun is also influenced by the geomagnetic field, approaching the north and south poles of the geomagnetic field in a spiral motion. So the aurora appears in the sky near the North Pole and the South Pole.
According to the study of the distribution of the aurora, the shape of the aurora is not a ring with the geomagnetic pole as the center, but the spectral line of the elliptical aurora ranges from about 3100 to 6700 angstroms, and the most important spectral line is the oxygen atom green line of 5577 angstroms, which is called the aurora green line. Most auroras appear at 90- 130 km above the earth. 1959, the height measured by the Northern Lights at one time was 160 km, and the width was over 4800 km. But some auroras are much higher, and the height can reach 560- 1000 km.
Many scientists are doing in-depth research on aurora, and the aurora people see is mainly caused by electrons in the charged particle flow. Moreover, the color and intensity of aurora also depend on the energy and quantity of settling particles. Using an image metaphor, it can be said that aurora activity is like a live TV picture of magnetosphere activity. Sedimentation particles are the electron beam of TV, the earth's atmosphere is the TV screen, and the earth's magnetic field is the electron beam guiding magnetic field. Scientists got a lot of information about the magnetosphere and the electromagnetic activities in the solar-terrestrial space from this nature TV.
Through polarographic analysis, we can understand the source, particle type, energy, the structure of the earth's magnetic tail, the interaction between the earth's magnetic field and the planetary magnetic field, and the way and degree of influence of solar disturbance on the earth.
Conclusion Although the aurora is beautiful, the energy cast by the earth's atmosphere can be compared with the total capacity generated by power plants all over the world. This energy often confuses radio and radar signals. The strong current generated by aurora can also gather on long-distance telephone lines or affect the propagation of microwaves, so that some or all of the current in the circuit is "lost", and even the transmission lines are seriously disturbed, thus temporarily losing power supply in some areas. How to use the energy generated by aurora to benefit mankind is an important mission of the scientific community.