Cutting seedling raising techniques of olive
1 Selection of nursery land and setting of seedbed Nursery land should be a place with leeward and sunny, sufficient water resources, good drainage and convenient management. Build a solar energy-saving greenhouse and set up a seedbed in it. The seedbed should be built as a hotbed, and the bottom of the seedbed should be paved with pebbles with a thickness of10 ~15 cm; Spread 20-30cm thick crop straws, such as rice straw and wheat straw, and sandwich a layer of horse manure with a thickness of10cm between the straws as the brewing heat; The top layer is paved with river sand with a thickness of 20-25cm. Sand is mostly 2 ~ 4 mm in diameter, and Xinhe sand can be used directly. Old river sand was disinfected with 0. 1.25% ~ 0.2% thiophanate methyl, 1% formalin and 0.2% potassium permanganate. Rinse the medicine with clean water before cutting.
2 Cutting time Cutting time is the key to control the burial temperature. Therefore, the cutting time should be determined according to the local temperature, and the maturity of branches should be considered. Cutting is the best in June 5438+1October in our region. At this time, the monthly average temperature is 15.2℃, and it can reach165438+1mid-October at the latest. At this time, the branches have good maturity and are not damaged by cold, and the survival rate after cutting is the highest.
3. Source and cutting of cuttings: After cutting, planting excellent seedlings or grafting into cuttings nursery with the density of 10cm× 15 cm, strengthening water and fertilizer management, especially applying sufficient boron fertilizer, is more conducive to cuttings rooting. It can be sprayed with 0. 1% ~ 0.3% borax, urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution before and after the new shoots grow in large quantities, and sprayed 1 time every 7 ~ 10 d, and the diameter can be cut when the branches grow to semi-lignified branches in 5438+ 10. It is best to leave 3 ~ 4 cuttings with a length of 8 ~ 12 cm, leave 2 pairs of leaves at the upper end, and remove the remaining leaves. The upper incision should be 2 ~ 3 mm higher than the node, and the lower incision should be close to the base node. After cutting, 50 ~ 100 pieces are bundled for the treatment of chemicals. Pay special attention to shading and moisturizing during shearing, shearing and cutting.
The application of plant hormones in cutting treatment is an important measure to improve the rooting of olive cutting. ABT 1 rooting powder can be soaked in 200× 10-6 solution for 24 h, or quickly dipped in 25× 10-4 indolebutyric acid gypsum powder paste, and a higher rooting rate can be obtained.
Cutting method: first level the bed surface, then press a 5 cm wide wooden strip on the inserted soil as a ruler, cut a 6 cm deep hole in the inserted soil with a kitchen knife, and insert the seedlings into it according to the plant spacing of 3 ~ 4 cm, and the insertion depth is appropriate to expose the leaves on the cuttings. Immediately after cutting, pour the bottom water, cover it with plastic film, and shade and keep warm with straw curtain.
6 Post-cutting management Post-cutting management is one of the key measures to improve the rooting rate of olive, and it must be carefully managed every day. The main management measures after cutting are to closely cover the film and straw curtain, keep the temperature below 25℃ and the relative humidity of the air above 90%, and shade it. Sow in the soil and moisten it. Too much water will easily cause branches to rot. Pay special attention to avoid long-term exposure to the sun and continuous temperature exceeding 25℃. When the temperature is too high, the method of covering the grass curtain to completely shade the sun or exposing the film at both ends to ventilate and spray to cool down can be adopted. Generally, when the temperature is high, cover the grass curtain from 10: 00 to 5: 00 pm, and open it at other times; When the temperature is slightly lower, it should be uncovered at night and in the morning, and uncovered or covered at noon according to the temperature in the greenhouse. Callus is formed to take root, because winter is coming, it is very important to keep warm and cold. Open the straw curtain during the day to increase the light and increase the temperature in the shed. When the sun shines directly, pay attention to spraying water to keep moisture and air humidity. In the afternoon, cover the leaves tightly with a film and a straw curtain, and spray the leaves with borax, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea with a mass fraction of 0. 1% every10 ~/5 days. After a large number of roots, pay attention to keep the soil moisture, increase light transmission and ventilation, and uncover the film at noon every day to reduce the temperature. The mass fraction of foliar topdressing can be increased to 0.2%, topdressing every 7 ~ 10 d 1 time.
7 seedling transplanting seedling transplanting is an important link to improve the seedling rate, and it also needs attention. Remove the straw curtain and plastic film in the greenhouse one week before transplanting, and spray water properly at noon when it is hot and dry, and transplant the seedlings after 1 week. In the whole process of seedling transplanting, we should try our best to keep the root system from breaking or cutting as little as possible, and cover the root system with wet sawdust. Before planting, it is best to soak the roots with ABT3 rooting powder100×/kloc-0-6 1 h, and then plant according to the row spacing of 15 cm×25 cm. When planting, cover the roots lightly with fine soil, not too deep. Water immediately after planting, so that the soil and root system are naturally closely combined. Note that it is best to choose cloudy days when transplanting. After planting, cover it with straw to make it semi-shaded, or directly shade it with sunshade net. After a week, take off the visor.