In order to prevent traffic accidents, we should remember the following points: 1. You must take the sidewalk, and you must also take the sidewalks on both sides of the road. All motor vehicles are not allowed to walk on the sidewalk. We should go our separate ways. When crossing the road, you must obey the traffic rules and don't touch it. You should take a crosswalk (zebra crossing). On a crosswalk controlled by traffic signals, you must follow the instructions of the signal lights. In the crosswalk without traffic signal control, you should pay attention to the traffic, and don't chase and run or ride a bicycle to carry people. 3. Children should obey the traffic rules when there is no crosswalk, and must go straight through instead of running sideways. This will confuse the traffic and affect the driver's mood, thus greatly increasing the probability of traffic accidents. Don't cross suddenly when the vehicle approaches, and pay attention to avoid the vehicle. When overtaking, look at the car coming on the left first, because the first thing that threatens you is the car coming on the left; When you get to the middle of the road, look at the cars coming on the right, visually observe the speed and distance, and make sure it is safe before you can pass. When crossing the road, wait patiently for the green light, don't rush in, don't climb over the guardrail or sit on the road. Crossing the railing will make people and cars mix and increase the possibility of accidents. The most dangerous thing is to climb over the guardrail of the railway crossing and compete with the train for the lane, so that the train may be caught under the wheels. It is absolutely forbidden to pick up a car, chase a car, forcibly stop a car, and throw a car. It is very dangerous to do so, and there will be a danger of death. 6. Tip: Be sure to concentrate when crossing the road. Don't cross the road while listening to music, and don't run and play on the road; More importantly, don't climb the fence in order to hurry or seek convenience, but take crosswalks, overpasses or underground passages; Strictly obey the traffic rules. 7. China's traffic law stipulates that motor vehicles driving on our roads must abide by the principle of driving on the right, and motor vehicle drivers and front seat passengers must wear seat belts.

Safety knowledge of preventing drowning

First, how to prevent drowning:

There is a saying: you can't walk by the river without wet shoes.

Don't play and chase in the seaside, riverside, lakeside, riverside, reservoir, ditch and pond without permission to prevent slipping into the water;

2. It is forbidden for students to swim in the water without permission, especially primary and secondary school students must be accompanied by adults and carry lifebuoys;

It is forbidden for primary and middle school students to go fishing privately, because fishing is all squatting by the water, and the soil and sand at the water's edge have been soaked in the water for a long time and become very loose. The edges of some water have been soaked in water for many years, and a layer of moss has grown. If you step on it, you will slide into the water. Even if you don't slide into the water, you will be in danger of injury.

4. When rowing or taking a boat in the park, be sure to sit still, don't run around on the boat, and don't wash your hands and feet beside the boat, especially when taking a boat, don't shake it or be too heavy to avoid capsizing or sinking;

When taking a boat, in case of special circumstances, you must keep calm, obey the instructions of the crew on board, and don't dive lightly. If someone is drowning, don't rush into the water to rescue him;

6. In case of strong wind, heavy rain, big waves or foggy weather, it is best not to take a boat or play on it;

7. If you accidentally slip into the water, you should absorb enough air, pat the water surface and shout for help;

8. Don't hold your breath for a long time in the water, it's easy to hold your breath and die;

9. If you are unfortunate enough to drown, when someone comes to help, you should relax and let the rescuer hold your waist;

10. When something you especially love falls into the water, don't rush to catch it, ask an adult for help;

Of course, swimming is one of teenagers' favorite sports. However, if you are not prepared, lack safety awareness, panic when you encounter an accident, and you can't save yourself calmly, it is easy to cause drowning casualties.

Two, in order to ensure the safety of swimming and prevent drowning accidents, we must do the following:

1, don't go swimming alone, let alone in places where you don't know the bottom and water conditions, or dangerous places where drowning casualties are likely to occur. To choose a good swimming place, we should know clearly the environment of the place, such as whether the reservoir and bathing place are sanitary, whether the water surface is flat, whether there are reefs, undercurrents, weeds and the depth of water.

You must be organized and swim under the guidance of a teacher or someone familiar with water. Take care of each other. If a collective organization goes swimming, the number of people should be counted before and after launching, and lifeguards should be designated for safety protection;

Pay attention to your health. People who are prone to cramps in limbs should not take part in swimming or swim in deep water. Get ready before you go into the water and exercise first. If the water temperature is too low, wash your body with shallow water first, and then go swimming after getting used to the water temperature. People with dentures should take them off to prevent them from falling into the esophagus or trachea when choking;

4. Be self-aware of your own water quality, don't be brave after entering the water, don't dive and snorkel rashly, and don't fight with each other to avoid drowning. Don't swim in rapids and whirlpools, let alone drink and swim;

5. If you suddenly feel unwell during swimming, such as dizziness, nausea, palpitation, shortness of breath and so on. , should immediately go ashore to rest or call for help;

6, in swimming, if the calf or leg cramps, don't panic, you can kick or jump hard, or massage hard, strain the cramp, and call for help from your companion;

7. When a drowning accident occurs in swimming, the first aid on the spot is urgent, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation is the most important. After the drowning person is rescued ashore, the vomit, sediment and other impurities in the oral cavity and nasopharyngeal cavity should be removed immediately to keep breathing smooth; The tongue should be pulled out to avoid backward turning and blocking the respiratory tract; Raise the belly of the drowning person, make his chest and head droop, or hold his legs, put his belly on the rescuer's shoulder, and do the action of walking or jumping to "pour water". Restoring the drowning person's breathing is the key to the success of first aid. Artificial respiration should be carried out immediately, and mouth-to-mouth or mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration can be used. At the same time of first aid, you should be sent to the hospital for treatment quickly.

Second, measures to prevent drowning:

1. Pupils should swim under the guidance of adults;

2. Pupils can't play by the pond or the river alone; Pay special attention to the pond where no one goes. There are also places with many aquatic plants;

3. Don't go swimming in places without swimming signs, especially in summer vacation, and don't invite friends to swim by the pond without adult supervision;

4. Those who can't swim, can't go to deep water areas, and beware of drowning incidents. People who can't swim should have adults around them, and swimming rings are useless to a person who can't swim;

5. Make proper preparations before swimming to prevent cramps during swimming;

Third, the self-help method when drowning:

1. Don't panic, find someone around you and call for help immediately;

2. Relax your whole body, let your body float on the water, head out of the water, kick the water with your feet to prevent physical loss and wait for rescue;

3. When your body sinks, you can press your palm down;

If you suddenly cramp in the water and can't go ashore, call for help immediately. If there is no one around, you can take a deep breath and dive into the water, straighten your cramped legs and pull your toes up with your hands to relieve cramps.

Self-rescue method of water cramp;

The main parts of cramps are calves and thighs, and sometimes fingers, toes and stomach also occur. The main reasons for cramps are that there is no or insufficient warm-up activity before entering the water, the organs and muscle tissues of the body are inactive, and after entering the water, they suddenly do violent kicking and paddling, or cramps occur because the muscles suddenly contract due to cold water. Swimming for a long time, excessive fatigue and physical exertion, a lot of heat dissipation in the body or mental tension, swimming movements are not coordinated, cramps can also occur.

(1) For people with cramps in their hands and feet, if they have cramps in their fingers, they can hold their hands tightly, then forcibly open them and do them several times quickly until the cramps are eliminated;

(2) If the calf or toe cramps, first take a breath and float on the water, hold the toe of the cramped limb with the hand on the opposite side of the cramped limb, and pull it toward the body, and at the same time press the palm of the same side on the knee of the cramped limb to help the cramped limb straighten;

(3) If the thigh cramps, you can also use the method of lengthening the cramped muscles.

Water grass self-help method:

Weeds or silt are often found in rivers, lakes and near-shore or shallow places, and swimmers should try to avoid swimming in these places. What should I do if I am unfortunately entangled in aquatic plants or stuck in the mud? First of all, be calm, don't step on the water, and don't tamper with it, otherwise it will make your limbs more difficult to get rid of, or get deeper and deeper in the mud. Use backstroke (legs straight, palms back) to slowly back along the original path. Or lie flat on the water, let your legs separate and let go with your hands.

If you carry a knife with you, you can cut off weeds, or try to kick them away or smooth your hands and feet like socks. When you can't get rid of yourself, call for help in time;

After removing the aquatic plants, swim with a gentle kick and leave the place where the aquatic plants are overgrown as soon as possible.

Self-help methods in the whirlpool:

Vortex will appear where the river suddenly widens, narrows and twists, where there are obstacles such as protruding rocks at the bottom of the water, where there are sunken deep pools, and where the riverbed is uneven. When flash floods and the river surges, the vortex is the most. There are always whirlpools at the seaside, so pay more attention.

Where there is a whirlpool, garbage and leaves often swirl around the whirlpool on the water. As long as you pay attention, you can find it early and try to avoid getting close;

If you are close, don't step in the water. You should lie flat on the water immediately, swim quickly and crawl along the whirlpool. Because of the weak attraction of the vortex edge, it is not easy to get involved in large objects, so the body must lie flat on the water, and must not step on the water or dive vertically into the water.

Self-help methods for fatigue:

Swimming after excessive fatigue or swimming after excessive swimming is easy to cause cramps or drowning due to lack of physical strength. What should I do in this situation?

If you feel cold or tired, you should swim back to the shore at once. If you are far from the shore, or too tired to return to the shore immediately, float on the water to save your strength;

Raise a hand, relax and let the other person save you. Don't cling to the savior;

If no one comes, continue to float on the water and swim back to the shore after recovering.

Four, found someone drowning rescue methods:

Method 1: throw lifebuoys, bamboo poles, wooden boards and other things at the drowning person and drag them to the shore;

Method 2: If there is no rescue equipment, you can enter the water for direct rescue. When approaching a drowning person, turn his hips, turn his back to himself, and then pull him up. Side stroke or backstroke towing is usually used for towing. Special emphasis: when minors find someone drowning and can't rush into the water to rescue them, they should immediately call for help or use life-saving equipment to call for help.

Five, shore first aid drowning person:

1. Quickly remove the sludge, weeds and secretions in the mouth and nose of the drowning person, keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, and pull out your tongue to avoid blocking the respiratory tract;

2. Lift the drowning person and lie on the rescuer's shoulder, with his abdomen close to the rescuer's shoulder and his head and feet drooping, so that the accumulated water in the respiratory tract can naturally flow out. But don't delay the time of cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of choking;

3. Carry out mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration and heart massage;

4. Contact the emergency center or send to the hospital as soon as possible.

Walking safety

When students go to school, it is the most crowded time of the day. There are many people and cars, so we must pay great attention to traffic safety.

(1) Walk on the road and walk on the sidewalk; If there is no crosswalk, walk by the side of the road;

(2) When going out in groups, it is best to walk in an organized and orderly manner; When going out together, don't chase, fight and play with each other; Pay attention to the surrounding situation when walking, and don't look around, read newspapers or do other things while walking;

(3) Learn to avoid motor vehicles and don't compete with motor vehicles on the road where there is no traffic police command;

(4) Primary school students should wear yellow hats when queuing after school, and it is best to wear colorful clothes in foggy and rainy days, so that motor vehicle drivers can find the target as soon as possible and take safety measures in advance;

(5) When riding a bicycle, don't ride too fast, pay attention to avoid it and ride on the bicycle lane. You are not allowed to ride a bike on the road under the age of twelve! )

Jaywalking

When crossing the road, the possible risk factors will increase greatly, so pay special attention to safety.

(1) When crossing the road, obey the command of the traffic police; It is necessary to abide by the traffic rules and achieve "green light, red light stops";

(2) When crossing the road, take the crosswalk line; In sections with overpasses and underpasses, you should consciously take overpasses and underpasses;

(3) When crossing the road, go straight and don't detour; In the section where there is no crosswalk, you should look to the left first, then to the right, and you can cross the road only when it is confirmed that there are no motor vehicles.

(4) Don't climb the safety fence and isolation pier in the middle of the road, and don't skate on the road;

(5) When crossing the road by bike, get off and help the car cross the road. People under fourteen can't ride bicycles on the road! )

How to identify traffic lights?

There are two kinds of traffic lights. One is the red, yellow and green traffic lights used to direct vehicles, which are set in conspicuous places at intersections and are called vehicle traffic lights. The other is the red and green signal lights used to guide pedestrians to cross the road, which are set at both ends of the crosswalk and called crosswalk lights. China's traffic regulations also stipulate traffic lights:

1, when the green light is on, vehicles and pedestrians are allowed to pass, but turning vehicles shall not hinder the passage of straight vehicles and pedestrians.

2. When the yellow light is on, vehicles and pedestrians are not allowed to pass, but vehicles that have crossed the stop line and pedestrians that have entered the crosswalk can continue to pass.

When the red light is on, vehicles and pedestrians are not allowed to pass. [ 1]

4. When the green arrow light is on, vehicles can pass in the direction indicated by the arrow.

When the yellow light flashes, vehicles and pedestrians can pass under the principle of ensuring safety.

food safety

To prevent food poisoning, we should first pay attention to personal hygiene, and do regular bathing, washing clothes, cutting nails, cutting hair and changing sheets and quilts (once a month). Develop a good habit of washing hands before and after meals and not overeating. Secondly, do' six don't eat': don't eat cold food, unclean fruit, spoiled food, meals without high temperature treatment, raw water and snacks. Then we should pay attention to identify the quality of food from the food label, and choosing safe food is the first step to control oral diseases.

How can individuals prevent food poisoning?

1, wash your hands before and after meals;

2. Wash and peel the fruits before eating;

3. Don't buy food of unknown origin and beyond the shelf life;

4. Don't buy food from small shops or roadside stalls without hygiene license and business license (especially those without sealed packaging);

5. Don't eat food that has been confirmed to be spoiled or suspected to be spoiled;

6. Don't eat food that you know that preservatives or pigments have been added, but you are not sure whether the added amount meets the food hygiene and safety standards;

Understand the characteristics of food poisoning

Short incubation period: usually a few minutes to several hours after eating. Gastrointestinal symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, some accompanied by vomiting and fever. If the above symptoms appear, you should doubt whether it is food poisoning, report to the class teacher in time, and the class teacher will take corresponding measures to go to the hospital at home in time.

Prevent food poisoning and develop good hygiene habits, wash your hands frequently, especially before and after meals, and use sterile soap and hand sanitizer; Do not eat cold and unclean food; Don't eat spoiled leftovers.

First aid methods in case of food poisoning.

In case of food poisoning, go to the hospital immediately and don't take medicine by yourself. If you can't see a doctor as soon as possible, you can take the following first aid measures:

1, vomiting: If the food is eaten within 1 to 2 hours, you can take the method of vomiting, take 20 grams of salt, add 200 ml of boiling water, and drink it once after cooling; If you don't vomit, you can drink more times to promote vomiting. You can also use fresh ginger100g, mash it to get juice, and take it with 200ml warm water. If you eat bad meat, you can take "ten drops of water" to promote vomiting. Chopsticks and fingers can also be used to stimulate the throat and cause vomiting.

2, catharsis: If the patient eats for more than two hours, the spirit is not bad, you can take some laxatives to urge the poisoned food to be excreted as soon as possible. Generally, 30 grams of rhubarb can be used to achieve the purpose of relaxing bowels once decocted.

3. Detoxification: If food poisoning is caused by eating spoiled fish, shrimp and crabs. Take vinegar 100 ml, add 200 ml of water, and take it once after dilution. In addition, perilla 30g and licorice 10g can be decocted once. If you eat spoiled drinks or preservatives by mistake, the best first aid is to fill your stomach with fresh milk or other drinks containing protein.

Electrical safety

Know the main switch of power supply and learn to turn it off in an emergency.

(1) Touch the inside of the power socket without hands or conductors (such as metal products, liquids, gases, etc.).

(2) Don't touch the appliance with wet hands, and don't wipe the appliance with items with water.

(3) Unplug the electrical appliance after use;

(4) If someone gets an electric shock, try to turn off the power in time;

(5) Do not disassemble or install the power cord, socket and plug at will.

(6) In case of smoke, sparks and burning smell. If it is found to be in use, the power switch should be turned off immediately and stopped.

(7) cut off the power supply of electrical appliances before going to bed or when leaving home.

(8) Don't disconnect the wires.

Off-campus security

If you meet gangsters, you should stay calm, don't be afraid, try to put in a good word and explain to them that you don't have any money to avoid being kidnapped by them. If they continue to insist on asking for money, ask someone you know for help. If a person is held hostage, don't "play hardball", you can give money, but remember the appearance and characteristics of the other person and report to the public security bureau afterwards.

At home alone.

When we are alone at home, we should lock the door in time. If you hear someone knocking at the door, you should identify the caller through the door mirror. Don't open the door to someone you don't know, no matter what reason or status he has. And like parents at home, you can call your parents and say that someone you don't know knocks at the door to scare away the bad guys.

(1) Some bad guys pretend to be postmen, salesmen, maintenance workers, etc. And cheat to open the door, rob the house or do other bad things. At the same time, pay attention to observation, remember the height, face and clothes of strangers, so as to call the police when necessary. You can also call your parents, neighbors, neighborhood committees or police stations.

(2) If someone claims to be your parents' colleague and can name you and your parents, you should also be vigilant and don't open the door, but you can ask him what's the matter and write it down to call your parents.

(3) If the bad guys break into the house for various reasons, ensure personal safety and don't fight with the bad guys. If you lock the door, call the police quickly and pay attention to make your detailed address clear; You can also scare away the bad guys with a trick, but remember the height and appearance of the bad guys and report the case quickly. Be sure to remember not to fight hard with the bad guys and pay attention to protecting your life and personal safety.

Campus safety law

1, observe discipline in class, listen to the teacher's instructions, and physical education class and the activity class use sports equipment correctly under the guidance of the teacher.

2. Don't play and chase between classes. It is forbidden to climb fences, trees, corridors, railings and school gates.

3. Go up and down the stairs to the right. Don't play in the corridor. It is forbidden to play on the handrail of stairs.

4. Come to school without sharp tools and inflammable and explosive articles, and don't play dangerous games.

5, pay attention to the safety of electricity, don't touch the classroom, corridor and other public places of electrical equipment.

6. Go home on time after school, don't stay in the classroom or campus, and don't wander in the street.

7. Obey the traffic rules when going to and from school, cross the road to see the traffic flow and take the crosswalk. Students must obey the traffic laws when taking the bus.

Rules, don't take unqualified vehicles and overload vehicles.

8. Don't fight on the road.