Most kinds of stones. Such as Lingbi stone, Taihu stone, Kunshi stone, Quartz stone, Baling stone, Wuling stone, snowflake stone, fossil, painted pottery stone, tortoise shell stone, wood grain stone, Jiulongbi stone, Guizhou greenstone, Laoshan greenstone, Qixia stone, Yuhua stone, etc. Biological fossils refer to: animal and plant fossils. Mineral crystals refer to: turquoise, malachite, crystal, fluorite and so on. Marble, flower stone, chrysanthemum stone, peony stone and other craft stones. So many ornamental stones, which are our collection objects? This should be suitable for people or places. As the saying goes, things are rare. In the face of many ornamental stones, we should choose the one that suits our own economic ability, our own appreciation preferences and our own price judgment. For general collectors, except for Tian Huangshi, bloodstone and Hetian jade stone, most ornamental stones are collected at a fair starting line. Because the collection of ornamental stones and their value orientation are not only the appreciation value in the general sense, but also have very rich cultural value connotation. During the period of 1998, there was a whirlwind of grape agate stone collection in China, but an ornamental stone collector in Beijing found a unique way. Among the little pieces of weathered agate stone that people didn't pay much attention to, he found an ornamental stone that looked like a broken eggshell with a looming opening, and was later named the life ornamental stone, which was only two inches long and weighed less than100g. Now it has become a rare treasure in China. Recently, it was nominated as one of the most expensive ornamental stones in China, with an estimated value of 65.438+300 million yuan. There is also a yellow river stone, which is light green in hair and ordinary in appearance. However, due to its twisted white stone tendon on one side, it is identified by experts as Islamic writing, which means God's will. Once interpreted, the value of this stone has doubled by 1000 times, and the current price of stone has reached 10 million yuan. Therefore, the collection value of ornamental stones is not only reflected in the ornamental value, but also its cultural value and discovery value are immeasurable. This is also the key to the attraction of ornamental stones.
The collection and appraisal of ornamental stones are an inseparable whole, and the evaluation of the value and taste of ornamental stones cannot be separated from scientific and objective appraisal. Traditional ornamental stones have always followed ancient standards: wrinkle, leakage, thinness, transparency and ugliness. With the development of new varieties of ornamental stones, a large number of new members have been added to the ornamental stone family. The status of the four traditional famous stones, Lingbi Stone, Taihu Stone, Kunshi Stone and Quartz Stone, is being challenged, and rising stars such as Jiulongbi, grape agate stone, Giant Fossil and Painted Pottery Stone are leading the way. The evaluation criteria of ornamental stones have also been integrated with new contents with the times: color, quality, shape, grain and sound. Combined with traditional standards, the evaluation of ornamental stones is more scientific and objective, and covers more information. If any ornamental stone fails to meet any of the above standards, then this ornamental stone will lose its unique charm and personality, and its value will be greatly reduced. On the other hand, if the characteristics of several standards are combined, the collection value and ornamental value of these ornamental stones will be better. To this end, I will refer to the evaluation standard of ancient and modern ornamental stones as ten, so as to communicate with ornamental stone lovers.
Today's ornamental stone market is mixed. Due to the surge of social demand, a new industry has been added to the origin of ornamental stones, that is, artificial processing of fake stones.
Pseudo-shaped stones, as well as endless craftsmanship, have an impact on the collection of ornamental stones. Then, how to combine the ten standards of judging ornamental stones in ancient and modern times for collection, so as to improve the identification ability and not be blinded by more and more fake stones? I think we must interpret the meaning of standards one by one, and combine my usual collection with my own observation at the place of origin and processing to crack the means and practices of counterfeiting, so that the majority of stone friends can polish their eyes in the process of collecting and appreciating ornamental stones.
Wrinkles: Wrinkles are concave and convex stripes formed in the early stage of stone appreciation due to natural contraction or natural water flow and sand erosion.
Leakage: there are holes or cracks in the stone appreciation, which make water or other objects drip, leak or fall out.
Thin: (as opposed to fat or fat) refers to the narrow or thin shape or part of a stone.
Permeability: To penetrate (liquid, light, etc.). ); Penetration: Permeability and brightness, especially for stone appreciation.
Ugly: ugly, ugly. Appreciating stones means that they are weird and different.
Color: color, color, refers to the natural color of stone appreciation.
Quality: nature, essence and quality, especially the natural texture, structure, density, hardness, smoothness and texture of stone appreciation, as well as the quality and size of stone appreciation.
Shape: form, shape, structural state, etc. Here refers to the natural form of stone appreciation and the combination of point, line and surface.
Grain: grain and trace refer to the lines and patterns on the surface of stone appreciation.
Sound: sound, sound, refers to the sound and sound produced by knocking or friction vibration in stone appreciation.
The ten criteria for judging ornamental stones mentioned above are also the goals that counterfeiters deliberately imitate and chase. Forgers often use modern processing tools and various means to manually treat ordinary or defective stones to double their value. Let me talk about the general identification skills of fake stones and fake stones, and discuss them with stone lovers.
Forgers often make ornamental stones by chopping, chopping, digging, filling, crushing, carving, grinding, rotting, pressing, fading and injecting glue, thus forming large-scale production and creating profits.
Chopping: Generally, tools such as steel axe and hammer are used to thin the plump ornamental stone to make it more ornamental. After chopping, the stone surface often leaves obvious and regular processing marks, forming its special angular and stony differences. There are some weathered layers or stone skins on the surface of the original stone, which are light or heavy, but these traces disappear after chopping, which provides conditions for identification.
Digging: it is a process of penetration and leakage with steel chisel and steel drill. After processing, an ordinary stone is transparent and clear, which is more suitable for market demand. Digging around will also leave marks on the surface of the stone. Digging around will leave irregular gaps in the stone, which is contrary to the natural smoothness of natural stone. The excavation is carried out with mechanical tools such as electric drill and grinding wheel, which will inevitably leave arc marks of machining.
Filling and reducing: it is the filling and trimming after the excavation process. Through filling, inlaying and trimming, the processed artificial stone is more natural. However, filling and falling will still leave fillings with different properties from the original stone, and the joint between fillings and the original stone will leave regular adhesion marks, while falling can find defects from parallel or neatly crossed marks.
Carving and grinding: generally, it is a common technique in craft stone. Through knife carving, sand blasting, polishing and other processes, the ornamental value of the processed stone is highlighted. Carving and grinding are often used in the processing of counterfeit products such as grape agate stone and patterned stones, which have obvious artificial traces, and some of them can be as smooth as mirrors and pearls, which are difficult to form in nature. In addition, carving and grinding are used to increase the texture characteristics and patina of stones. All these should be identified by observing the overall texture structure of stone and the consistency of patina, and defects can be found as long as they are carefully identified.
Rot: It is common practice to make fake stones now. On the preliminarily processed stone, the traces of artificial production are washed away by washing and soaking with strong acid and weak acid, so as to reduce the edges, corners, stiff points, lines and surfaces during processing. However, the original weathering layer on the surface of stone with pickling bubbles is almost lost, and a unique pickling film is often formed on the inner hole or outer surface of stone. Although after subsequent treatment, we can still identify the difference from the original natural stone.
Molding: it is to paste the finished pattern on the main stone by molding with a mold to make it a decorative stone. This technology is generally used to make bone fossils in craft stones and biological fossils. Materials are generally industrial polyester or soluble chemical materials, which are processed after molding, and are easy to be hidden by mistake if they are not carefully identified. But as long as you bake it with fire, you will find problems.
Fading: it is the general term for soaking with colored dyes, high-temperature coloring and pickling fading. Many ornamental stones, such as pebbles, portraits on flaky stones, zodiac signs, flowers, etc., are of this kind and have little collection value. It can be found that its color will change as long as it is washed and soaked in boiling water. If the used dyeing materials are contaminated, it will also do harm to human health.
Glue injection: usually used for small and high-grade ornamental stones such as fake jade, agate, aeolian gravel and rain flower stone. The mixture of polyester, dye and high-concentration glue is used to inject glue on the stone surface or defective position to add color and luster to the imitation stone and enhance its commercial value. Identification of this ornamental stone can be verified not only by fire roasting, but also by scraping with a knife and digging with a needle.
In a word, stone appreciation, stone identification and stone hiding are a systematic project. A natural ornamental stone with good quality must be able to withstand appraisal and scrutiny, and artificial production and processing can't be on the elegant hall of stone appreciation. The charm of ornamental stones is a miracle among the wonders of nature.