Obesity can be divided into simple obesity and secondary obesity. Simple obesity has no clear cause, which may be related to heredity, diet and exercise habits. It can also be called primary obesity in medicine. In all obesity, more than 99% is simple obesity. The exact pathogenesis of this obesity is still unclear. As long as any factor can make energy intake exceed energy consumption, it may cause simple obesity. These factors include age, overeating, too little physical activity, social and psychological factors, genetic factors, adipose tissue characteristics and so on. Secondary obesity refers to obesity caused by other diseases. The proportion of secondary obesity in obesity is only 1%.

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According to the causes of obesity, secondary obesity can be divided into hypothalamic obesity, pituitary obesity, hypothyroidism obesity, obesity caused by Cushing syndrome, hypogonadism obesity and so on. It is caused by diseases of hypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland and gonad respectively. Iatrogenic obesity means that some patients' obesity is caused by taking some drugs, which is generally called iatrogenic obesity. Drugs that can cause iatrogenic obesity include glucocorticoid (cortisone, hydrocortisone and dexamethasone), phenothiazine, tricyclic antidepressants and insulin. In addition, if brain surgery damages the hypothalamus, it will also lead to obesity. Because the cause of iatrogenic obesity is very clear, some people classify iatrogenic obesity as secondary obesity.