Anorexia is a mental illness, which mainly occurs in young women in their teens and thirties, but about one tenth of the patients are boys and young men. A recent survey shows that about 10% people have symptoms or tendencies of anorexia and bulimia, while about 3% people are diagnosed with more serious anorexia and bulimia. People of other ages or who need to maintain their weight because of professional needs may also produce. Understanding anorexia is good for your health!
[symptoms]
1 Endless weight loss, fear of gaining weight.
In the late stage of the disease, due to long-term lack of food, loss of appetite may occur.
Patients mainly carry out various activities around losing weight, such as deliberately dieting, strictly controlling the amount of staple food, fat and protein, and increasing daily activities, which are far below the appropriate weight standard of patients, and often present emaciation, extreme emaciation and severe malnutrition. On the contrary, patients will feel gratified or feel safe. Most patients still think that they or a certain part of themselves are still "fat", so they are uneasy and insist on "losing weight" activities.
Anorexia nervosa
Anorexia nervosa is a kind of eating disorder caused and maintained by itself, which is manifested by anorexia, weight loss and even anorexia caused by dieting, and often causes malnutrition, metabolic and endocrine disorders and physical dysfunction. The most basic symptoms of anorexia nervosa are anorexia, extreme lack of appetite and emaciation. This symptom is mainly related to psychological factors, not caused by organic diseases of digestive system. The onset age of this disease is 10-30 years old, mostly 15-23 years old. Female patients are about10-20 times higher than men. Due to the change of social atmosphere and lifestyle, the incidence of anorexia nervosa has greatly increased or decreased. Acute mental trauma or persistent depression may lead to this disease under certain conditions.
Its main clinical manifestations are: at first, there was the psychology and behavior of deliberately dieting for fear of obesity, and then there was uncontrolled eating and rapid weight loss. The emaciated elephant cachexia still refuses to increase its food intake, and even feels too fat when it is infinitely thin and fatal. Refuse to keep the weight at the lowest level corresponding to their age and height, so that some patients are skinny and unable to get out of bed, some people starve to death, some use exercise, vomiting, venting and other means to lose weight, sometimes overeating, vomiting after meals, and lose more than 25% weight. Due to hypoglycemia, nausea, dizziness, fatigue and sometimes syncope often occur. Extreme malnutrition such as dry skin, pale skin, poor elasticity, thin subcutaneous fat and skin edema caused by hypoproteinemia. Accompanied by severe endocrine dysfunction, female amenorrhea, male libido loss or impotence. If it happens before puberty, puberty development slows down or even stagnates, breast dysplasia, male secondary sexual characteristics are undeveloped, and genitals are childish. This kind of patients often have emotional instability, anxiety, insomnia, obsessive-compulsive ideas, and some will also lead to secondary depression and morbid psychology. In severe cases, they may have suicidal thoughts and behaviors. It should not be ignored that many girls generally lack knowledge of anorexia nervosa, and girls who blindly pursue slimming and deliberately diet suffer from anorexia nervosa and dystrophic muscular atrophy to varying degrees.
Diagnostic criteria of anorexia nervosa: (1) The standard weight of the same age and height is less than 15%, and the original weight is reduced by 25%; (2) Pursuing slimness, intentionally controlling diet and being willing to starve; (3) Women who have been in menopause for more than 3 months; (4) Slow heartbeat, vomiting, etc. (5) No other physical diseases or schizophrenia; (6) onset age 10 ~ 30 years old.
The treatment of anorexia nervosa mainly includes the following aspects:
(1) psychotherapy (2) physical support therapy (3) stimulating appetite (4) psychotropic drug therapy (5) concept change.
Slim is popular now, and thinness is beauty, which is a trend. The recognition of being fat, thin, strong and thin changes with the guidance of public opinion. It is widespread in some countries and regions in history or now to regard fat as beauty and firmness as beauty. In my opinion, girls are in the period of physical development, so don't blindly lose weight and diet. No matter what the trend is, health is always beautiful. Being strong and plump is more conducive to enhancing resistance and fertility, and it is also sexier, so you can enjoy a good sex life in the future.
Anorexia nervosa is more common in adolescent girls and young women. It is characterized by anorexia, obvious weight loss and amenorrhea. The cause of anorexia nervosa is still unknown. Related factors can be divided into the following aspects. 1. Socio-psychological factors In adolescence, girls become more and more plump with the development of secondary sexual characteristics. In this regard, it is easy to have a sense of fear and shyness, and there is a desire to maintain or restore the body shape to be "slim" before development. Adolescence is the period with the highest incidence of anorexia nervosa. Social concept affects the standard of being fat, thin, beautiful and ugly. In a civilized and developed society, there is a misunderstanding that thinness is beauty. This is why the social civilization and living standard have been continuously improved for more than 20 years, but the prevalence rate of anorexia nervosa characterized by emaciation is obviously increasing gradually, especially in some occupations, such as ballet dancers and fashion models, which is 3-4 times that of the general population (the same age). In addition, anorexia nervosa mostly comes from families with high social status or rich economy; The prevalence rate of urban population is higher than that of rural population; In cities, the prevalence rate of female students in private schools is higher than that in ordinary schools. 2. Individual susceptibility. Such patients tend to be competitive, pursue perfection, like to pursue praise, self-centered, neurotic; On the other hand, they are often immature, unstable, suspicious, sensitive, over-dependent on their families and shy. Some studies have found that the occurrence of this disease may be related to some genetic qualities. 3. Patients with hypothalamic dysfunction anorexia nervosa have obvious hypothalamic dysfunction, such as menstrual disorder or amenorrhea; The level of thyroxine in blood is low; Abnormal appetite and appetite, low mood or irritability. The clinical manifestations of anorexia nervosa are usually occult, with gradual anorexia and weight loss, 1/4- 1/2 or above, and amenorrhea. Different degrees of emaciation, serious when skinny. However, physical strength is still abundant, and amenorrhea without pubic hair loss is the characteristic of this disease, which can be distinguished from pituitary dysfunction (Simon's disease), but fatigue, burnout and depression may occur in the later stage. Patients don't necessarily have anorexia at first, but just create various reasons to refuse to eat. Some patients have a good appetite, but after eating a few bites, they feel full and uncomfortable and stop eating, or they don't want to eat when they see food. If you eat forcibly, it will often induce nausea and vomiting; Some patients even try their best to induce vomiting. In addition to anorexia, patients may also have other neurosis symptoms, such as hysteria, epigastric fullness and discomfort, unexplained fatigue, lack of interest in sexual desire, insomnia and so on. Patients diagnosed with anorexia nervosa need to go to the gastrointestinal specialist clinic for a comprehensive examination. If the gastrointestinal examination is negative, there is a history and manifestations of severe mental trauma, emaciation and physical strength are acceptable, and there is no comprehensive endocrine gland dysfunction, the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa can be made.
Alternating bulimia anorexia
The symptom of anorexia is that you hardly eat anything and don't need to induce vomiting; Bulimia is characterized by large food intake, vomiting and diarrhea, anxiety and parent-child conflict. The similarity between bulimia and anorexia is that patients care about their weight, figure and image every day, but the difference is that bulimia patients are usually older. Bulimia patients may not have anorexia in the past, but after a long time, about half of them will become bulimia. Because you are hungry for too long, you will want to eat very much and get bulimia. After eating, you will feel guilty, so you will spit out what you have eaten. Therefore, in addition to overeating, there is diarrhea.
Characteristics of anorexia and bulimia
Anorexia is thin and extremely thin, while bulimia is thin, fat and medium, so anorexia can be seen at a glance because their weight is usually below 85% of the standard weight. For example, a person with a standard weight of 50 kg is still too fat if he is as thin as 42.5 kg.
Anorexia and bulimia seriously affect health.
There is no condition of normal menstruation in the diagnostic criteria of bulimia. Menstruation will stop only if you are thin and malnourished, and most bulimia patients are overweight and obese. Anorexia patients are mostly people in their twenties, and one of their diagnostic criteria is that they have not had menstruation for three months. In addition, many people who often wander around the slimming center are anorexia and bulimia. Some people will use "one-finger magic" (pushing food out with their fingers) or drink alcohol to lose weight.
Many people with bulimia or anorexia don't just take medicine, but wake up the patient and talk to him. Doctors should come straight to the point and understand the patient's life background, even the patient's family, friends and occupation. Only by understanding the causes of anorexia and anorexia in many ways can we treat the problem.
Psychogenic bulimia, usually called bulimia, is usually characterized by overeating-that is, eating a lot of food in a short time. This gluttony is followed by an attempt to eliminate food and calories through so-called "purification".