Oranges are fruits of orange trees belonging to Rutaceae and Citrus, also known as Guo Huang, Citrus, Jinhuan and Liu Ding. Orange is a kind of citrus fruit, a hybrid of grapefruit and orange, which is native to Southeast Asia. Fruit can be peeled and eaten fresh, and pulp can also be used as an additive for other foods. Another important use of fruit is juicing.

cultivation techniques

soil management

It is necessary to dig holes and solidify soil, prohibit planting tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and do a good job in rational intercropping and intertillage weeding in the orchard.

Fertilizer and water management

(1) Fertilization principle: To fully meet the needs of citrus for various nutrient elements, it is advocated to apply more organic fertilizers and rationally apply inorganic fertilizers and formula fertilizers. According to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology, fertilization is guided.

(2) Fertilization methods: mainly soil fertilization and foliar fertilization. The methods of annular furrow application, strip furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilization were adopted.

(3) Fertilization of young trees: apply less fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and apply fertilizer 5-6 times in spring, summer and autumn when bamboo shoots emerge, (March, May, June, July, September, 65438+February, and apply 0.4 kg ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 kg urea to each plant each time. 1-3 young trees should be applied with pure nitrogen 100-400g every year, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is1.0: (0.4-0.5):1.0. Adult trees should be fertilized four times, that is, germination accelerating fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, fruit strengthening fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. Generally, the amount of fertilizer applied is 2-3 kg of chemical fertilizer and one load of manure. Fruit-keeping fertilizer 1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer+1 kg chemical fertilizer; Strong fruit fertilizer 1-2 kg chemical fertilizer+1-2 kg phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; The fruit picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, and each plant is applied with 50- 100 kg organic fertilizer+1-2 kg chemical fertilizer.

(4) Moisture: Irrigation when soil is dry, and drainage when water accumulates. Plastic trimming 1, principle. Adjust measures to local conditions, prune trees, properly raise and lower them, and ventilate and transmit light to achieve three-dimensional effect.

2, plastic surgery (natural and happy appearance). The trunk is 20-40cm high, and the trunk branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk. The branching angle of the main branch is 30-50 degrees, and 2-3 auxiliary main branches are left on each main branch. Generally, after the third main branch is formed, the central trunk of this kind is cut off and twisted to one side to form a fruiting branch group.

Step 3 trim.

(1) Young trees: mainly light pruning. After selecting the extension branches of the class center and the main branches and the extension branches of the auxiliary main branches, moderate or even severe pruning is carried out, and the growth balance among the main branches is adjusted according to the pruning degree and the direction of cutting buds. In addition to properly thinning the over-dense branches, the inner branches and weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained.

(2) Initial fruiting stage: continue to select short cutting to treat the trunk extension branches at all levels, erase the summer shoots, and promote the autumn shoots to be robust. In autumn, measures such as ring cutting, root cutting and water control are taken to promote the flowering of Wangshu.

(3) Full-fruiting period: the fruiting branches, falling branches and declining branches are retracted in time, and the light-blocking branches, dead branches and insect branches are cut off.