Steps of business process design. Business process is the premise of enterprise work. It is like a goal and a plan. Without the guidance of this business process, the work will not be carried out in an orderly way. Therefore, enterprise managers need to understand the steps of business process design.

The first step of business process design is to list all relevant departments or external units (hereinafter referred to as "units") of the business process. For example, a company's material management process includes: supplier, purchasing department, quality department, engineering department, logistics department and warehouse.

Find the "insiders" corresponding to each department or external unit, communicate one by one, and find out how each "unit" works in this business process. Think of this unit as a production "machine", which mainly includes three aspects:

1. Raw materials needed for production-the output of the previous unit, that is, what other units provide it, which can be physical objects, documents, materials, instructions, etc. ;

2. Input of auxiliary materials needed for operation-other physical objects and information. Except the output of the previous unit.

What products does this machine produce-the output of this unit?

According to the actual situation, a complete business can be divided into "processes". Taking the process of "Designated Supplier for Production Materials" as an example, it can be divided into quotation preparation, clarification, supplier quotation, quotation analysis/price verification, negotiation and negotiation, determination of recommended suppliers, discussion and appointment by the procurement committee, and signing of nomination letter. Clarify the implementation method of each process and the relevant departments involved.

Start drawing a flowchart. Tools can be Visio, Excel, Word, PowerPoint, etc. It doesn't matter which tool you can use, as long as you can use it. The following is an example of Excel. The flow chart shall include the following elements:

1. The flowchart itself

2. The functional departments or individuals involved

3. Input required for each subprocess

4. Output generated by each subprocess

Prepare detailed text/voice/video instructions for the drawn flow chart. The most common is to write program specification documents. You can refer to the following points to fill in the corresponding contents one by one:

1, the purpose of the program

2. Scope of application of the procedure

3. Technical terms and definitions involved in the procedure

4. Main responsibilities of relevant functional departments or personnel in this process.

5. The content of the program (that is, the detailed description of each step of the matching flow chart)

6. Reference documents or related documents (that is, whether your process is a sub-process of the process and whether your process needs the process as input).

7. Relevant output table (i.e. list all output files produced by each process)

8. Procedure Appendix (Flowchart is the appendix of this procedure document)

Approval and release of documents. Please note the following points:

1. Adjust the format, sort out the file name, number and control version to ensure that the key information is clear and accurate.

2. Get the approval of relevant leaders.

3. Do a good job of archiving and version control, so as to modify and adjust in the future.

The second step of business process design. Business process design:

Business process design is the most important link in business process management, which directly affects the efficiency and effect of future process implementation. The systematic design that needs to be emphasized in the process design stage includes the following aspects:

1. Purpose of process design

The purpose of business process mainly includes stable management, standardized operation, risk control, value-added services and supporting the realization of business objectives. That is, under the guidance of the company's business objectives, based on risk analysis, it is conducive to steady operation, standardized operation and value-added services.

Risk can be expressed by the following mathematical formula: R=pr(E)

R stands for risk, E stands for potential loss, and pr stands for the possibility of loss caused by poor management. In other words, the greater the potential loss, the higher the possibility of loss, which is a link that needs to strengthen business process control.

2. Hierarchy of processes: Generally, we divide various processes of enterprises into three categories:

1) strategic process: the process of directly promoting and serving the strategic objectives of the company.

2) Operation process: the process that guides the operation of various departments and business units.

3) Support process: the process of providing support and guarantee.

3. Process design practice:

1) Effective, complete and clear definition and design process: called process, which requires related management elements to flow according to established procedures. Therefore, a good process should at least make the following six elements flow synchronously:

Work task flow

The flow of responsibility

And target performance indicators.

The flow of time

The flow of related resources

The flow of information, etc.

Only when these six business process management elements flow synchronously can the effectiveness, efficiency and effect of business processes be guaranteed. In the process of counseling enterprises, many enterprises pay attention to incomplete elements, usually only pay attention to the circulation of tasks, while ignoring the synchronous circulation of other elements, resulting in unclear authorization, inadequate responsibilities, unclear objectives, delayed process circulation time, insufficient resources, incomplete information and other defects.

2) Process design pays attention to customers and business needs: customers here include internal customers and external customers. That is to say, on the basis of meeting business needs, process designers should have broad vision and dedication, pay attention to the value-added and efficiency of process input-output results, and put an end to the existence of invalid processes.

3) Support the company's policies and guidelines: the process design is guided by the company's business objectives, which are directly derived from the company's policies and guidelines. Different processes should support and serve the realization of company policies and guidelines at different levels. Entrepreneur's mode of thinking and entrepreneurial spirit should run through the whole process of management.

4) The process has continuity and relevance: the development trend of flat organizational structure and customer satisfaction-oriented service mode require business processes to be strengthened in continuity and relevance. The process design of "staking a horse" and "vassal regime" is a disaster for the whole company, departments and employees.

The third step of business process design business process improvement is an important step of business process design.

Changing time is one of the purposes of business process management. On the basis of implementation and evaluation, it is fundamental to keep the competitiveness of enterprises by constantly looking for the direction of improvement and actively improving. Business process improvement also needs to follow certain management methods, and it cannot be improved without rules and order. At the same time, the improvement of business process must emphasize value-added, innovation and breakthrough, and avoid simple improvement of "merging similar projects"

1. Power sources for business process improvement: pressure from external environment, deviation of execution and evaluation, changes in management risks, changes in business objectives, "changes" in organizational structure, changes in business, etc. Will promote the necessary improvement of business processes. This requires managers at all levels of enterprises to face challenges, be brave enough to bear pressure and challenge tradition.

2. Management practice of business process improvement:

1) Senior management participation and examples:

Review and improve your own leadership style, and actively strive for the requirements of future leaders.

Lead by example and actively participate in improvement activities.

Encourage and encourage empowerment, innovation and reform, such as changing organizational structure, financial learning and improving actions.

Encourage, support and actively participate in learning activities.

Give priority to improving actions.

Encourage and motivate the promoters in the organization.

2) Key points for improvement:

The operation of the company focuses on some key processes, and all employees know that those processes are the key to the success of the company. Managing business processes through analysis, control and improvement is a corporate culture.

Determine the main business processes, designate the person in charge of the processes, display the processes with charts, and determine the areas that need to be controlled.

Select certain processes (key, branch or working process) as the focus of improvement work. All employees understand that analyzing process deviation is an important part of their work.

Every employee in the company clearly knows how to manage business processes through analysis, control and improvement, especially their daily work processes.

3) There are structural improvements:

The improvement team identifies opportunities for improvement and then takes action. According to clear guidelines, these teams operate in a structure conducive to improvement.

Improvement teams at all levels meet regularly and follow clear operational guidelines. Absence or postponement of meetings rarely happens.

The improvement team sets improvement goals, defines performance indicators, sets improvement opportunities and plans, and starts improvement activities.

Improve team time and coordinate company goals and business value-added goals.

The improvement team uses PDCA cycle (or similar method) to plan and implement improvement activities.

Before implementing the improvement activities, the improvement team considered the impact of the results of the activities on other aspects of the related process.

Management implements training to support improvement goals. (for example, management provides training in person).

The team receives formal training to improve their work skills, and the training content is formulated according to the special needs of their own team.

All employees receive formal training in company management concepts and tools, and new employees get regular and timely training opportunities.

Finally, it must be emphasized that for business process management, its goals and directions are different at different stages of enterprise development and management level. In the case of imperfect enterprise management, a large number of processes need to be planned to strengthen and stabilize management. On the other hand, we also see that a considerable number of well-managed enterprises are actively carrying out the "slimming action" of business processes, avoiding bureaucracy and dogmatism by simplifying processes and improving the efficiency and adaptability of internal operations. Therefore, business process management is a dynamic process, but its fundamental goal is the same, that is, stable management, standardized operation, risk control, value-added services and supporting the realization of business objectives.

What are the links in instructional design?

Instructional design mainly includes three types: traditional instructional design mainly for teachers, instructional design under the constructivist environment and instructional design of "paying equal attention to learning and teaching". The traditional teaching design mode is based on "teaching" and centered on teachers' "teaching". It is beneficial to give play to the leading role of teachers, to organize and monitor the whole teaching process, to emotional communication between teachers and students, and to systematic science.

The theoretical basis is represented by Ausubel's theory of "learning and teaching".

It includes the following links: (1) analysis of teaching objectives; (2) analysis of learners' characteristics; (3) determination of teaching methods and strategies based on the above analysis; (4) selection of teaching media; (5) formative evaluation in the teaching process; (6) adjustment of teaching contents, teaching methods and strategies based on the feedback of formative evaluation. 2. Constructivism teaching design mode is to make teachers change from imparting and inculcating knowledge to helping and promoting students to actively construct meaning. It emphasizes that students are the main body of the learning process and the active constructor of meaning, which is conducive to students' active exploration and discovery and to the cultivation of creative talents.

Representative: Piaget's constructivist learning theory.

Constructivism teaching view is a criticism and development of traditional teaching view, which holds that learning is not only influenced by external factors, but also by learners' own cognitive style, learning motivation, emotions and values, which are often ignored by traditional teaching view.

It includes the following links: (1) scenario creation; (2) information resource provision; (3) autonomous learning strategy design; (4) organizing collaborative learning; (5) organizing and guiding independent discovery and exploration. 3. The teaching design of "paying equal attention to learning and teaching" is put forward on the basis of absorbing the advantages of both teaching-based teaching system design and learning-based teaching design, and it is also a theory of both.

Including the following links: (1) analysis of teaching objectives, (2) analysis of learners' characteristics, (3) selection of teaching strategies and activity design, (4) design of learning scenarios, (5) selection of teaching media and design of teaching resources, (6) formative evaluation in the teaching process and adjustment of contents and strategies according to evaluation feedback.

The traditional instructional design and the instructional design under the constructivist environment have their own advantages, but at the same time, there are also shortcomings.

For example, the traditional teaching design mode focuses on the leading role of teachers and the role of emotional factors in the learning process; However, because it emphasizes transfer-acceptance learning and denies discovery learning, students are in a passive acceptance position in the teaching process, and it is difficult for learners to exert their initiative and creativity, which is not conducive to the growth of innovative talents.

Constructivism teaching design mode just overcomes this shortcoming and is conducive to cultivating creative talents with innovative thinking and ability; However, ignoring the leading role of teachers and the role of emotional factors in the learning process is not conducive to the transfer of systematic knowledge and may lead to the deviation of teaching objectives.

The teaching design of "paying equal attention to learning and teaching" has a more scientific and comprehensive theoretical basis, which is not only suitable for guiding classroom teaching, but also suitable for guiding the design and development of courseware scripts for network teaching and multimedia-assisted teaching.

It has the following four advantages: 1. In teaching, we can flexibly choose "discovery" or "transmission-acceptance" teaching branch according to students' cognitive structure.

2. In the process of "transmission and reception" teaching, the teaching strategy of "advance organizer" is basically adopted, and other "transmission and reception" strategies and even autonomous learning strategies can be used as supplements to realize teaching optimization.

3. In the process of "discovery" teaching, we can fully absorb the advantages of "transmission-reception" teaching, such as analyzing the characteristics of learners and promoting the transfer of knowledge.

4. It is easy to consider emotional factors, that is, the influence of motivation.

How to write a design idea for a design work?

Design description is also a design concept. Writing a good design description and expressing your unique design ideas in words are essential elements of excellent and rapid design.

However, many people are at a loss for the lengthy description of the design. Mainly for the following three parts:

1, analysis overview

Through the analysis of the overall environment of the base, this paper shows the types of life services that people in and around the base need to provide, and expounds the solutions to the problems that the base needs to deal with. Finally, the landscape environment design of the site is accurately positioned from two aspects: function and nature.

2. Design source

The source of design, design ideas and how to draw a small house are 4. How to conceive and why to draw this house. Color description, describing the intention of the color used, such as green: environmental protection, health, harmlessness, etc. And the feeling that color gives people, such as comfort and relaxation.

3. Explain the design concept.

The leading idea of design is to "protect ecology, spread culture, beautify the environment, and facilitate people's convenience and simplicity", give full play to the green space effect, adhere to "people-oriented", embody the modern eco-friendly design concept, describe what people can think of through small houses, describe the overall sense of space, what is the basis for the overall planning of rooms, and what is the significance of such a design. All design instructions should have a central point, spread outward from the central point, and then focus outward to this central point.

Precautions:

1. Use size to express the sense of space. Things of the same size have a sense of size because of different distances, which are large near and small far away. On the plane, we feel close when the area is large, and far when the area is small.

2. Using the overlapping expression, one shape is superimposed on another shape on the plane, which will have the feeling of front and back, up and down, resulting in a sense of space.

3. Using the shadow representation method, the distinction of shadows will make the object feel three-dimensional and concave-convex.

4. Use the expression of interval density to make the small image or the change of linear density have a sense of space. In reality, it is like a curtain with a little pattern. When it is rolled up, the pattern will become dense, and the interval is very small. The denser it is, the farther it feels.

Design the draft operation flow?

1. Search in search engines: draft design or draft design;

2. After entering official website, click to enter the manuscript and upload pictures.

3. Use the blue brush to draw the part you want to keep, and use the red brush to draw the part you want to remove.

4. Add background color to make the effect clearer. When the background is displayed, it means that the picture is currently a transparent background.

5. Plot in seconds. After plotting, you can save it directly to the local area. End.