1, chloasma
Black spots in Chinese medicine refer to light brown or dark brown patches with different sizes, clear boundaries and irregular lines, which do not rise out of the skin and have no obvious consciousness, but affect the appearance. It mostly occurs in the face and is basically symmetrically distributed in the zygomatic forehead, nose, cheeks and mouth. More common in middle-aged women.
The color depth has certain seasonality, the color increases in summer and becomes lighter in winter. Chloasma is a headache for middle-aged women, and the appearance of spots makes beautiful and fair skin gone forever. The main factors leading to the formation of chloasma: the external cause is mainly ultraviolet damage, and the internal cause is related to endocrine.
2, butterfly spots
It often appears on the nose and cheeks in the form of butterflies. Long-term mental stress, depression, lack of sleep and fatigue will reduce the skin's ability to resist ultraviolet rays, which will lead to sunburn and dark spots on the face. Chinese medicine is called spleen deficiency and blood deficiency: it refers to overwork, improper diet, thinking about hurting the spleen, damp heat blocking the face and forming brown spots.
3, pregnancy spots
Hormone levels are unstable. Theoretical circles have demonstrated that excessive estrogen can stimulate melanocytes and secrete more melanin particles, and progesterone can promote pigmentation. During pregnancy, progesterone and estrogen increase, and spots appear due to endocrine changes. In addition, pituitary gland, adrenal gland, gonad and thyroid gland also have great influence on the secretion of melanin.
4. Sunburn
UVB will darken the skin, while UVB will burn the deep skin, causing redness and blistering. Excessive exposure to ultraviolet light is an important reason for the sharp increase of pigment and its precipitation into spots. When the skin is strongly irradiated by ultraviolet rays, the self-protection function of the skin will play a role, producing a large amount of melanin to resist the "invasion" of ultraviolet rays. Pigmentation can leave ugly spots or aggravate freckles on the face.
5, freckles
It is a common capacitive skin. His appearance is often related to heredity. If one parent has freckles, the genetic probability of the child accounts for 50%. Smooth surface, no higher than skin, no symptoms. It's easy to focus on the nose, which is on everyone's face. It usually begins to appear in adolescence and is likely to accompany him all his life. This spot can't be forcibly treated with drugs, but it can be gradually faded with the help of freckle-removing skin care products. Freckles deepen and fade after sun exposure in autumn and winter.
Extended data:
The formation of spotted skin
Human skin is divided into three layers:
Epidermis: visible to the naked eye.
Dermal layer: It is composed of collagen and elastic fiber connective tissue, which makes the skin appear elastic. The epidermis of subcutaneous tissue is divided into four layers: stratum corneum: maintaining water balance and preventing water loss. Protect the skin from harm. Granular layer: it has the function of refracting light. Spiny layer: absorbs lymphocyte nutrition and supplies epidermis.
Basal layer: It is closely connected with dermis and contains melanocytes. When new cells split from the basal layer and move up to the 20th floor, the stratum corneum will fall off and be replaced by new cells. The role of melanin is to resist the damage of ultraviolet rays to the skin, which is the natural protection of the skin and the cradle of new cells.
The ultraviolet rays of sunlight can be divided into three wave lines: UVA long wave can attack the dermis through walls and glass, making the skin prematurely aging. Waves in UVB are blocked by walls and glass, and only act on the epidermis, causing instant sunburn and accelerating the production of melanin. UVC short wave is blocked by ozone layer in the atmosphere.
Without any sun protection, people's skin will start to get sunburned after 20 minutes, and they will get tanned after 1 hour. When the skin is damaged by ultraviolet rays, melanin begins to secrete to protect the skin, and tyrosinase also increases secretion, so that more melanin can be formed, and melanocytes are transformed into another substance called dopa under the action of tyrosinase.
Dopa is the precursor of all spots. Dopa is oxidized to form real melanin, which we usually say is in the epidermis. The formed melanin enters the skin surface with metabolism, and finally exfoliates with aging keratin. If the metabolism is not smooth, the largest pigment will precipitate and gather locally, and the skin color will deepen or form spots.
Factors affecting spots:
Emotions (also known as angry points), commonly used washing and cleaning agents, contain too many chemicals. Excessive consumption of fried and spicy food. Visceral dysfunction, hormonal imbalance, age, ultraviolet rays, drugs. Therefore, sunscreen and whitening are usually used for skin care, so that melanin will not mutate. Using skin care products that inhibit tyrosinase can make dopa disappear gradually.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-spot