A flexible mouth speaks quickly. Do you feel that getting up in the morning is not as smooth as speaking in the afternoon or at night? Of course, the mouth muscles have rested all night, and of course they are not so flexible. So doing oral gymnastics helps us to use our mouths better-

1, practice with your mouth open and your mouth closed

Open your mouth like yawning, close your mouth like eating an apple. Open your mouth gently, lift the corners of your mouth obliquely upward, slightly relax your upper and lower lips, and naturally extend your tongue horizontally. Doing this exercise is to overcome the problem of mouth opening.

2. Chewing practice

The combination of chewing with your mouth open and chewing with your mouth closed naturally makes your tongue flat.

3, lip practice (this kind of practice also helps girls to beautiful lips, hehe)

Turn your lips forward, backward, left, right, up, down, left and right.

4, tongue practice

The tip of the tongue pushes the teeth downward, and the tongue surface gradually becomes warped.

The tip of the tongue is on the left and right sides of the mouth and rotates up and down on the front teeth.

The tip of the tongue extends outward and forwards, left and right, up and down.

The tongue stands left and right in the mouth.

Play with the tip of your tongue, hard palate and lips.

The tip of the tongue comes into contact with the upper gum.

The base of the tongue is in contact with the soft palate.

Second, breathing control training.

Without breathing, the vocal cords cannot vibrate. But it's not enough just to make the vocal cords sound. If you want the sound to be elastic and lasting, what you need is continuous air supply to the vocal cords. I'm here to introduce some breath control methods to help you control the airflow and then control the sound.

First, chest and abdomen combined breathing method

After inhalation, the ribs are enlarged, the diaphragm is lowered, and the lower abdomen is slightly contracted.

Thoracoabdominal combined breathing is a method that should be mastered when reading aloud. This kind of breathing has a wide range of activities and strong flexibility, which can make the breath even and balanced. The ideal state is "inhale a large piece and exhale a line;" The gas is broken and the sound is broken. "

Practice method:

1, slow suction and slow call

General requirements-stand firm, look straight ahead, keep your head straight, relax your shoulders, breathe in slowly like a flower breathing in the wilderness. Feel the expansion between the waist and abdomen, inhale into the abdomen, but close the lower abdomen. Hold for a few seconds, then exhale slowly.

You can add the following exercises when exhaling: practice Xiaolan (Pinyin Xiaolan) when exhaling, and gradually fade it; Or count 1, 2, 3, 4 ... with your mouth, don't close the glottis between pronunciations, and don't run out of breath. The more you count, the better.

2, fast suction and slow call

Inhale quickly and briefly and keep breathing; Exhale slowly when exhaling, with the sound, smooth and even. This method is often used in training lectures. When exhaling, you can do the following vocal exercises:

Dad told his father to answer these questions.

Exaggerated vocal exercises: I want to return to the arena so beautifully. ...

Breathing exercise: Red flags are floating in the square. See how many flags you can count, one, two, three, four and five. ...

This form is often used for "several treasures" in cross talk sketches, and everyone can observe the breathing of the actors.

Second, strong control exercises.

It is required to inhale deeply and keep a certain amount, and exhale evenly, smoothly and flexibly.

Strong control practice needs a little knowledge of vocal music practice, which is not easy to introduce here. You can recall: Yang Zirong drank and sang in "Taking Tiger Mountain Outward", which ended with "Aha, hahaha, hahaha, hahaha ..." This is the basic feeling. To understand the role of diaphragm and abdominal muscles, the breath should sink when making a sound.

Reference exercise poem:

Yue Fei's "Man Jiang Hong", Mao Zedong's "Remembering Qin E Lou Shan Guan" and Chen Ran's "My Confessions"

News announcers usually use strong control when broadcasting short messages.

Third, weak control exercises

1, inhale deeply and exhale evenly. Pronounce four sounds of "love" slowly and continuously.

2. Exaggerate tone, prolong pronunciation and control breath.

Flower red, willow green, H-UA H-ONG L-IU L-V (when pronounced, the breath between initials and finals is elongated and uniform)

3. By exaggerating continuity, controlling breath and expanding range.

Reference exercise poem:

Li Bai's Thoughts on a Quiet Night, Meng Haoran's Spring Dawn, etc.

Breath control training can grasp the four-word policy of "deep, smooth, even and lively" and pay attention to the combination of breath and content.

Simple pronunciation and breath training is not effective, which requires us to experience and use it constantly in the actual reading process.

Fourth, * * * voice control training.

We all have this experience: the louder the noise, the hoarse and tired voice. Actually, there is also training. For example, in order to let others hear us, especially when there are many people, we unconsciously raise our voices and soon feel "lost".

In fact, a good vocalist uses only 1/5 of the total energy to control the shape and movement of vocal organs. In the process of producing * * * sound, the organ of * * * sound retouchs the original sound from the vocal cords to make the sound round and beautiful. Scientific adjustment of vocal organs can enrich or change the color of sound, protect vocal cords and prolong life.

In the vocalization of reading aloud, the alto is used most, which is mainly formed in the upper and lower parts of the mouth, which determines that the center of gravity of using the voice is in the upper and lower parts of the mouth, mainly in the mouth. Here, I'd like to mention a little about singing. Generally speaking, * * * vocal cavity includes head cavity, nasal cavity, oral cavity and chest cavity, and these four * * * vocal cavities are the most basic. Abdominal singing is also mentioned in vocal music learning, but some people disagree with this idea.

In addition to the mouth * * * sound, the chest * * * sound is the foundation, you can add a little more. If there is a treble, it is best to increase the breathing volume and play the role of nasal cavity and head cavity.

If you want a round and concentrated voice, you need to change the conditions of oral singing. When pronouncing, focus your strength on your lips, relax your chin, open your jaw, relax your throat, lift your cheekbones, cheeks and smiles, and lift them at the corners of your mouth when exercising together. You can relax your throat, tongue base and chin by inhaling with your mouth open or feeling "half yawning", and then the sound from your mouth will be louder. When you open your mouth, pay attention to the folding of your lips.

1, oral * * * training

The most important point of oral phonation is that the nasopharynx should be closed when phonating, so as to avoid rhinorrhea. You can experience it through the following exercises, which are basically based on Kaiyuan sounds:

Badaga Pataca

Pompa Pippa

The four tones of Putonghua, the accurate name is Shangsheng; The second sound is flat; On the third note; The fourth voice sounded. When we are doing voice training, we often use flat tones, which is conducive to understanding sound and breath.

Phrase practice:

Hail, take photos, calmly attack criticism ...

Flower la la la la la la la la la. ...

Happy rice paper frustrated chrysanthemum donation ostentatious crow ...

Tongue twister:

Five trees on the mountain, five pots of vinegar on the shelf, five deer in the forest and five pants in the cupboard. Cut down the trees on the mountain, take the vinegar off the shelf, catch the deer in the forest and take out the pants in the cupboard.

2, nasal cavity training

Nasal vocalization is achieved through the soft palate, which is how the standard nasal consonants M, N and ng are pronounced. Some people think nasal sounds are nice and rich, but too many nasal sounds are just like a cold.

Pronounce an i u sound and add some nasal sounds.

Nasal consonant ma mimnani nu

Phrase practice:

Mom, the light center accepts ideas. ...

In the blue sky, white clouds are floating, horses are running, whips are ringing everywhere, and birds are Qi Fei.

3, chest * * * training

The space and energy in the chest are large, and the sound is deep and wide, and the sound is deeper and wider.

Practice the straight up, straight down and sliding of the vowel "A"

Phrase practice:

It's too late to regret it ...

Small willow, planted all over the ground, golden flower withered, silver bloom.

4, head cavity * * *, abdominal cavity * * *

Basically, you don't need these two * * * sounds in the process of speaking. The male voice is high, and I feel the feeling of the voice coming from the eyebrows. Basically, singing in the chest and nose, and reading aloud are more than enough.

The fifth part, sound elasticity.

Sound has elasticity and variability, which is the elasticity of sound. Only when the voice is elastic can it adapt to the changes of thoughts and feelings and meet the needs of lecture content.

The training of sound elasticity is relatively simple, and the following two methods can be adopted:

1, enlarge the range, increase the volume and control the breath. Pay attention to the changes of sound level, strength, reality, rigidity, thickness and light and shade when practicing.

A, A, I, U, slide up from the bass and down from the treble.

B, /a/, /i/ winding, spiral winding up and down;

C, long-distance dialogue practice, practice changing distance at any time.

A: Hello-Hello-Xiao Fang-

B: Um-

Come on.-Ah-

What's the matter?-Ah-

A: Let's go and see a movie.

B: OK!

2. Exaggerate the sound, increase the range of action, and make a sound with the breath of dantian.

Allegro is the most obvious example. Imagine the voice state of the actor who says Allegro, and try to find a piece of Allegro to experience the elasticity of the voice.

Sixth, pronunciation training

Mandarin syllables are divided into initials, finals and tones, which can also be called prefix, neck, abdomen, tail and spirit.

Here, I won't elaborate on the vocal requirements of these specific syllables. It can be seen from these words that if you want to make a sound like pouring pearls of all sizes into a plate of jade, enunciation is a series of controls from opening your mouth, luck, exhalation, vocalization, maintenance, continuation to the end, so don't be casual and don't be shy. It is basically enough for the trainer to articulate clearly. If you want to by going up one flight of stairs, you must practice hard.

The practice of word pronunciation and echo is basically carried out by tongue twisters. From the systematic practice method, according to the pronunciation position, breath and rhyme of different initials and finals, it can be divided into: double lip sound, lip tooth sound, tongue tip sound, tongue root sound, tongue curl sound and flat tongue sound; Open your mouth, bite your teeth, close your mouth and pinch your mouth; There are 13 tracks of training.

Here I recommend some tongue twisters for your reference and practice:

Baishi was white and slippery, so I moved to Baishi to build the White Pagoda. White stone pagoda, white stone pagoda, white stone pagoda, white stone pagoda. The white stone pagoda is white and slippery.

Four and ten, ten and four, fourteen and forty, forty and fourteen. Say four and ten with your tongue and teeth. Who says forty is a "thin seat"? His tongue is not hard. Who says fourteen years old is "timely"? His tongue is not straight. Study hard and practice often, fourteen, forty, forty-four.

There is a boat with white sails in the river. The wind blew the sails forward and stopped the ship without sails.

Old Tang climbed the pagoda on a stool with egg soup. The soup spilled on the pagoda because the stool was too slippery.

This is a silkworm and that is a cicada. Silkworms often hide in leaves and cicadas often sing in the forest.

China's ancient poems and songs are all good materials, which are easy to find, so I won't go into details. Conscious practice is definitely helpful to our pronunciation and pronunciation. We don't have to look for time, place and materials, but we can use them anytime and anywhere: for example, on the bus to and from work, listening to radio, advertisements and station announcements; Watch TV and news at home and broadcast it by announcer; Watch the literary evening, observe the actors such as cross talk, storytelling and Allegro, and imitate them in time. ...

To make the audience accept themselves, besides the necessary knowledge, some vivid language, expressions and performances are also factors that attract them. These exercises can also be achieved through the above exercises.

Seventh, use sound and voice protection.

1, requirements for reading aloud

Reading language requires accuracy, vividness, vividness and appeal. We can't read aloud with different sound colors according to the content of the article as we usually do.

In order to make the audience hear clearly, readers often increase the volume (unless they use microphones and other equipment). When using sound, they must pay attention to the use of breath to make the sound fuller, richer and more penetrating, and effectively protect the sound.

2, sound and emotion, sound, gas

There is a saying in the broadcasting course called "the highest emotion, the highest voice and the deepest anger". In fact, in the training process, the relationship between the three is also the same.

Some people are either overly nervous or indifferent before reading aloud. How can they be healthy and have no feelings to infect others? Therefore, we should make preparations in advance, adjust our mood, get into the state as soon as possible, and keep our spirits up.

Some people, when making a sound, have incorrect posture and posture, such as too hard chin, loud voice, or stiff chest, which leads to the sound being squeezed, pinched, narrow, dull and dumb. When training, you should do it: don't shout the high notes, and don't let the low notes go. Only by coordinating qi, sound and emotion and skillfully using our voice can we attract students and protect our voice.

3, the sound protection method

A, keep exercising, swimming and long-distance running are the most effective methods, and keep practicing your voice step by step in the right way;

B, when practicing voice, the voice is from small to large, from near to far, from weak to strong, from high to low, so as to avoid shouting and damaging the vocal cords from the beginning;

C, ensuring adequate sleep is the best measure to protect vocal cords;

D, when you are sick, especially when you have a cold, try to use less sound. At this time, the vocal cord mucosa is thickened and prone to lesions;

E, women in the physiological cycle or other reasons lead to congestion of the nose, pharynx and vocal cords, it is forbidden to practice;

F, try to eat less spicy food, greasy, sweet, hot and cold food is also the killer of the throat, alcohol and tobacco should also be avoided;

G, insist on gargling with light salt water, which can eliminate inflammation and protect the throat;

H, Chinese medicine: boat-fruited Sterculia+crystal sugar, as well as Jinsi Zihoubao, watermelon frost, Caoshanhu buccal tablets, Yin Qing pills, etc. , are all good medicine.

4. Common mistakes and their correction

1), flat

Tone: dull, lacking luster (brightness).

Cause: the oral muscles are slack and the teeth can't be opened. There is no * * * sound in this voice, which gives the audience the feeling of silence.

Correct:

A, strengthen the key practice of 2 1 initials, and combine the four calls of opening, adjusting, closing and pinching to exercise the oral cavity comprehensively;

B, double lip sounds /b, p, m/ Practice syllables are spelled with kaiyuan sounds, slow down to produce strong sounds, stand with a rhyme, and put away the suffix b-ang-bang (bang) p-ang-pang.

(Pang) Busy (Hundred)

C. If you encounter initials and finals behind the pronunciation part, you should consciously send them forward, and the pronunciation part will move forward without affecting the timbre.

D, the four-character method: flowers, red willows, green flowers, Meijiang, mountains and rivers, and clear water are well known.

E. tongue twister

2) Shouting.

Tone: sharp, harsh, rough and sometimes out of tune.

Causes: blind pursuit of high notes, shallow breathing, tense tongue base, neck and jaw muscles, and tight throat.

Solve:

A, adjust breathing, inhale deeply, control exhalation, lift the soft palate, and relax the base of the tongue and the lower palate;

B, don't strengthen the treble, so the sound will develop to a low width;

C. pronounce the six main vowels of an o e i u v from your most natural alto, and the voice should be open and stand;

D, usually practice some soft poems, folk songs, short sentences, etc.

3) Nasal sounds

Tone: dull and dry, like a cold and stuffy nose.

Causes: the mouth is not open enough, the soft palate is unable to collapse, and the middle part of the tongue is raised to make some air flow into the nasal cavity, thus losing some oral sounds.

Correct:

A, close the nasal passage, lift the soft palate with the feeling of half yawning, relax the base of the tongue and mandible, and enlarge the opening of the posterior acoustic cavity;

B. Pronounce six vowels with the above feelings, and the general trend of pronunciation is downward feeling;

C, 16 The combination of the main vowel and nasal vowel: ang-a-nguan-u-a-ngong-n-g-i-ng.

D, pay attention to practicing less syllables: people with nasal sounds should practice syllables that start with /m, n/ and end with /n, ng/.

4) Pinch

Tone: thin and flat, the voice seems to be squeezed out of the mouth.

Cause: The throat is pinched due to the depression or rigidity of the tongue root. At this time, the soft palate is too low to open. Some people will naturally raise their voices in order to pursue the effect of bright voice and bright front, which will lead to pinching. This kind of sound increases the burden of vocal cords, affects the range of vocal cords, and easily damages the voice;

Solve:

A, change the incorrect breathing method, adopt chest-abdomen combined breathing method, and breathe to a certain depth;

B, use natural mouth opening when pronouncing, lower jaw is relaxed, soft palate is raised, and teeth are relaxed. Vowel practice.

C, practice, pay attention to the short pronunciation of words, and spend the main time in the "rhyme" stage.

Pa pa da bang dang Zhang Chang Shang bu pu

D, phrase big Chinese flowers and birds, stormy waves, tumbling over the river.

E. Exaggerated three-tone exercise: If you want to raise a factory, please run.

5) Laryngeal sound

Tone: stiff, heavy and poor elasticity.

Causes: shortness of breath, tension in the upper chest, hard tongue root and excessive opening of the posterior vocal cavity. It's easy to get tired and hurt my voice.

Correct:

First, the tongue activity should be accurate. Generally, tongue activity is mainly between the tip of the tongue and the tongue. Pay attention to relax your throat;

B, relax your shoulders, adjust your breathing, don't press your head too low when pronouncing, and let the sound wave gently lift in your mouth;

C. Open your mouth to inhale or feel "half yawning" to experience the feeling of relaxation of the throat, tongue base and jaw;

D, strengthen lip and tongue practice, such as spelling /b, p, m, d, t, n, l/ syllables with vowels;

E, short poems, such as Li Bai's "Early Send Baidicheng".

The above sound problems are not all, and their solutions are for reference only. In fact, from the actual work, most of the problems are caused by too shallow breath and incorrect pronunciation position. Chest-abdomen combined breathing can't be practiced in one day or two. In addition to insisting on training, it takes a long time to read aloud, from conscious use and practice to free use, but it is very necessary in the long run.

When the pronunciation position is before and after, it will cause unnecessary damage to the pronunciation organs and the sound will become dull. It is absolutely the most comfortable and natural state to relax the larynx and the base of the tongue, improve the soft palate and let the sound be emitted in the alto, and the timbre will be better.

Maybe you have a local accent, maybe your tone is not round enough; Maybe your voice is hoarse, maybe you are not original in reading ... We might as well scientifically and systematically carry out breathing training to make our reading truly "colorful".

The second part is the training of vocal disciplines.

The process of recitation training and improvement is a step-by-step process, which should be from easy to difficult, from shallow to deep, and must not be eager to achieve success. We can't ignore the training of basic skills and fantasize about achieving our goals in one step. We should start with the sub-item training, that is, from the aspects of pronunciation, intonation and tone. And practice one by one in order to make a difference.

First, voice training.

Putonghua is a scientific language system, which is rigorous, rich, beautiful and pleasing to the ear, with a strong sense of rhythm and natural harmony.

The standard of Putonghua includes pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. Adults should generally focus on pronunciation when learning Putonghua, that is, the practice of mastering Beijing pronunciation.

1. Pronunciation training

People's pronunciation, there is no separate pronunciation organs, but the respiratory organs and digestive organs as pronunciation organs. The phonograph includes respiratory organs, larynx and vocal cords, oral cavity and nasal cavity. Among them, except vocal cords, other vocal organs are "part-time". When speaking, the two vocal cords across the exhaled airflow channel quickly open and close, cutting the stable airflow into a series of jets, and then converting them into audible peak sounds. With the movement of the tongue, lips, palate and other organs, the acoustic characteristics of the vocal tract are constantly changed, and the peak sound is changed into a distinguishable sound, which is amplified by a buzzer composed of chest cavity, throat cavity, nasal cavity and oral cavity. This is the whole process of pronunciation. It can be seen from this process that the effect of pronunciation is directly related to breathing, vocal cords and buzzer. Therefore, in pronunciation training, it is very important to carry out the following training.

(1) Breathing training.

Breathing is the power source of sound. Sufficient and stable breath is the basis of pronunciation. Some people speak or sing loudly, persistently and forcefully, which makes people admire that he or she is full of "qi". On the contrary, some people talk or sing at a low volume, out of breath, like mosquitoes buzzing, making people unable to hear clearly. Such people are not full of "qi". In addition to the differences in physical fitness, there is also a problem of breath adjustment skills, that is, whether the coordination of breathing and speaking is appropriate.

Under normal circumstances, speech is carried out when exhaling, not when inhaling, and pause is carried out when inhaling. If it is a long speech or recitation, it is bound to require a stronger breathing cycle than usual.

Second, tone training.

Tone is a phonetic form that reflects the ups and downs of readers' position, attitude, personality, mood and mood. It is the unity of thoughts, feelings, words and phonetic forms. With the right tone, you can say a series of sound symbols, which vividly and correctly reflect the original intention of the reciter. Tone is comprehensive, including tone, sentence tone and language potential. In the following vocal skills, we will talk about the variety of tones, and choose tones according to the needs of expression and expression when reading. Here, we practice different tones in different situations from the perspective of practical application.

1. From the basic unit of language-sentence patterns, there are four categories: declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, exclamatory sentences and imperative sentences. Therefore, when reciting, declarative tone, interrogative tone, exclamatory tone, and imperative mood are all distinguished accordingly.

I'm going to Beijing on business tomorrow. This sentence is obviously declarative. When reading this sentence, you should use a straightforward statement tone.

Why haven't you gone to work yet? This sentence is a question. Read it in a confused and heartfelt tone.

Hong Kong has finally returned to the embrace of the motherland! This sentence is an exclamation. When reading this sentence, you should use an exclamation tone with real feelings.

Drop your weapon and put your hands up! (This sentence is imperative. When reading this sentence, you should use an expression and command of imperative mood. )

2. As far as the expression content of sentences is concerned, there are ideographic mood, ideographic mood and ideographic mood.

1) Ideographic mood. Through this tone, give the audience a hundred typewriter opinions and meanings. Speaking in this tone, there are often corresponding modal particles in sentences, either as independent clauses, or at the end of clauses, or at the end of whole sentences. For example:

What do you think about this? (rhetorical question)

You really didn't know beforehand? (questioning)

Don't go your own way and stick to your own opinions. (Reminder)

Platoon leader, the enemy is coming up. Let's fight. (urging)

Please lend me that book for a few days. (request)

Stop. Or I'll shoot. (command)

Where are you going? (inquiry)

Why did you skip class yesterday? (blame)

2) Expression tone. Through this tone, I express my feelings to the audience. Generally, there are corresponding modal particles in sentences.

Oh, that's great. (joy)

Japanese devils are really bad. (resentment)

He, a brilliant writer, died young. (sighs)

What a beautiful battle! (admiration)

Oh! I finally figured it out. (wake up)

Bah! You shameless traitor! (contempt)

3) the tone of the statement. Through this tone, I want the audience to express some attitudes. Sometimes modal particles are used in sentences.

He really tried his best. (affirmative)

I'm afraid it's hard to do. (uncertain)

I don't want to see that result. (euphemistic)

Do you think this is okay? (discussion)

This view is wrong. (negative)

In addition, in terms of expression, there are different ways of narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation, and their respective keynote is also different. Moreover, judging from the content expressed and the thoughts and feelings of the expresser contained in it, there are thousands of differences, so the tone used is flat and slow, and the degree of relaxation is also different and varied.

Third, reading training.

Reading aloud training can help us gradually master the rules of Chinese grammar, cultivate a sensitive sense of language, and comprehensively exercise vocal cords, pronunciation, tone, intonation and language potential, so as to climb the realm of brotherhood.

Reading training should adopt "five-step method" to proceed step by step from low to high.

The first step is basic training. Choose an article about 100 words and read it aloud. The requirements are: accurate pronunciation, loud voice, clear articulation, no words added, no words lost, no typos, and appropriate pauses according to punctuation requirements.

The second is transitional training. Choose two or three hundred words to read aloud. On the basis of the first step of training, I can transition to fluency, and I can read different tones and intonations of statements, questions, exclamations, imperative sentences and other sentences.

The third step is to consolidate training. Choose an article of about 500 words to read aloud, focus on practicing reading skills, and consolidate the training results of the first two steps in combination with listening and reading. On the basis of the first two steps, it is required to further read the pauses and key points in long sentences, and read them properly and naturally according to the ideological content of the article.

The fourth step is comprehensive practice. Choose about 800 words to read aloud. Apply all kinds of skills gained in sub-training to reading aloud. Language fluency, coherent tone and strong appeal are required.

Step five, play training. Choose articles of more than 1000 words to read aloud. Pay attention to the use of emotion, the expression of emotion is accurate and rich, and the profound ideological content of the work is integrated with the reader's feelings.