Source: Three Gorges by Li Daoyuan in the Southern and Northern Dynasties.

Original text:

The Three Gorges, 700 Li, is surrounded by mountains on both sides, and there is no gap. Rocks piled up, blocking the sunshine in the sky, and there was no sunrise since midnight. (Yutong: lack; Heavy stone work: heavy mountain)

As for launching Xiangling, it is along the back block. Or the king ordered an emergency notice, sometimes going to Baidicheng and going to Jiangling at dusk. During this period, although he took the wind, he didn't get sick. (retrospective: retrospective; Twilight: Twilight)

In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. There are many strange cypresses, hanging springs and waterfalls, flying in the meantime, clear and brilliant, very interesting.

At the beginning of every sunny day, the frost shines, the forest is cold and sad, and there are often high apes whistling, which leads to sadness, the empty valley echoes, and the sadness turns to leisurely. So the fisherman sang: "The Wuxia Gorge in the Three Gorges of Badong is long, and the apes cry three times, and tears are spilled on their skirts."

Translation:

Between the Three Gorges for 700 miles, both sides are connected by mountains, without interruption at all. The mountains and peaks are like obstacles, covering the sky and the sun. If it's not noon or midnight, you can't see the sun or the moon.

In summer, the river overflows the mountains, and the routes of descending and ascending ships are blocked and impassable. Sometimes the emperor's orders need to be conveyed urgently, starting from Baidicheng in the morning and arriving at Jiangling in the evening, and it is 1200 Li as soon as you leave. Even riding a fast Mercedes-Benz horse and riding the wind is not as fast as a boat.

In spring and winter, you can see the clear waves swirling in the white rapids, and the green pools reflect the shadows of various landscapes. There are many grotesque pines and cypresses growing on the extremely high peaks, and there are hanging springs and waterfalls between the peaks. Clear water, brilliant trees, steep mountains, lush grass and endless fun.

Every day in Chuqing or on a frosty morning, the Woods and mountain streams are cold. Apes often sing in the heights, and their voices are endless, which looks very sad and sad. In the empty valley, the echo of the ape's singing is sad and tactful for a long time. Therefore, the fishermen of the Three Gorges in Badong sang: "The Wuxia Gorge is the longest in the Three Gorges in Badong, and the apes cry bleak and tears wet people's clothes."

Precautions:

Since: in.

Three Gorges: refers to Qutang Gorge, Wuxia Gorge and Xiling Gorge between Chongqing and Hubei provincial administrative units in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The total length of the Three Gorges is actually only over 400 miles.

Slightly nothing: nothing, nothing at all. Abbreviation: all. Que: pass "deficiency", gap, gap.

Zhàng: A mountain that stands upright like a barrier.

Self-denial: If not. Ego: If. No: no.

Pavilion noon: noon. Night minutes: midnight.

Sunshine, here refers to the sun.

Xiang (xiāng): Shang, which means full Shang.

Mausoleum: a big earthen mountain, which refers to the mausoleum here.

Go downstream (of a ship).

To run (a ship) against the current.

Or: If (sometimes in version).

Royal decree: imperial decree. Announce: to announce or convey.

Chaobai Fadi: Depart from Baidicheng in the morning.

Bai Di: The name of this city is in the east of fengjie county.

Chao: Good morning.

Jiangling: Jingzhou City, Hubei Province today.

Although: even if.

Ben: Mercedes-Benz's fast horse.

Royal: Drive, drive.

No: not as good as; Compared with sailing ships, sailing against the wind is not considered faster, or it is a mistake to "take" as "similarity"; (See Zhao Yiqing's Notes on Water Classics) Illness: Fast.

Plain rapids: white rapids. Sue: White.

Green pool: green pool water.

Back to clear reflection: The clear rotating waves reflect the reflection of (rocks and trees).

Cliff (y ǐ n): A very high mountain peak. Absolutely: extremely. Hey: Dingfeng.

Hanging spring: Hanging spring waterfall.

Shu Fei: The current is fast. Wash: swing.

Qingrong Junmao: Clear water, lush trees, high mountains and lush grass.

L: Very good.

Early sunny day: (after rain or snow) when it just clears up.

Frost Dan: It's a frosty morning.

Genus citation: continuous. Genus (zhǔ): verb. Connect. Introduction: Extension.

Sadness: Sadness.

Sadness turns to eternity: sadness is euphemistic, and ape songs disappear for a long time. Never: disappear, stop. Turn: tactfully.

Badong: the name of Han county, located in Yunyang, Fengjie and Wushan in the east of Chongqing.

Three times: several times, this is not an exact number.

Wet: wet.

Chang: Clothes.

Creative background:

Li Daoyuan lived in the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Northern Wei Dynasty. Since childhood, he loved to travel around the mountains and collect local customs, historical stories, myths and legends, and created 40 volumes of Notes on Water Mirrors. This article is selected from the middle section, written by the author to record the majestic and steep scenery and four seasons of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River.

Appreciate:

Li Daoyuan's Three Gorges (selected from Zhu, Volume 34, River Water) is a famous landscape work. The author described the magnificent scenery of the Three Gorges in less than 200 words.

The full text consists of four paragraphs, namely four tall and straight ink and wash landscape paintings.

In the first paragraph, the author first wrote the mountain. With the theme of "the two sides of the strait are connected with mountains without gaps", "the mountains are connected with mountains" and "there is no sunrise from the pavilion at night", people can further feel the narrowness of the Three Gorges, and vividly outline the overall features of the Three Gorges with a few strokes, so that readers can be quickly captured by the dangers of the Three Gorges.

The second paragraph starts with water. According to the natural seasons, the author first writes about the summer with the largest and most urgent water potential. The four words "Xiang Ling Xia, resistance along the back" are used to describe the sinister water potential, high water level and urgent water flow. "When I was a white emperor, I went to Jiangling at dusk, during which I went to Wan Li Road. Although I rode against the wind, I was not sick. " Through comparison and exaggeration, I highlight the rapidity of the river in summer.

The third paragraph describes the scenery of the Three Gorges in spring and summer. "Turbulence in the Plain" and "Green Pond", two colors and two modes, with dynamic and static interweaving and sharp contrast; "Qibai", "Hanging Springs" and "Waterfalls" are also quiet and moving, colorful, and mountains and trees meet in them, which is a spectacle. The word "Junmao" is written as follows: "Qing" is water, "Jun" is mountain, "Rong" is cypress and "Mao" is grass. "A lot of interest" is mixed with the author's aesthetic interest, which integrates poetry and painting. Extremely concise four words describe four kinds of scenery, each with its own characteristics, which leads to the author's artistic conception from the scenery.

The fourth paragraph describes the autumn scenery of the Three Gorges: the water is dry and cold, and the apes are bleak. Use "frost" to imply autumn, and use real scenes to make up for the former. At this time, there is no noise of the river, no glory of vegetation, but full of sadness and cold. Writing autumn gorge is expressed by apes. Writing apes is divided into two layers, one is direct narration, and the other is quoting fishing songs as evidence. The description of the ape revolves around the two key points of "mountain" and "mourning", thus showing the characteristics of the Three Gorges in autumn. "Gao" is used to describe an ape, indicating that it is an ape on a high mountain, and "Chang" is used to describe a long whistle, indicating that it is in a long canyon. "Empty valley echoes", to put it bluntly, in the mountains. "I haven't seen you for a long time" and responded that "the mountains on both sides of the strait are indispensable." Writing fishing songs is also a word of "gorge length" and a word of sorrow. From the singing of apes, people can further realize that the mountains are high, the mountains are connected, the gorge is narrow and the water is long. At the same time, the ape moaned and played up the bleak atmosphere in autumn. It also makes people realize the hardships of fishermen and the hardships of life from this fishing song.

All landscape words are sentimental words. Beginners should write their own characteristics, which are consistent with their thoughts and feelings.

The full text of Three Gorges depicts the magnificent, steep, quiet and beautiful scenery of the Three Gorges with concise and vivid pen and ink. Write mountains, highlighting the characteristics of continuity and covering the sky. Writing water depicts different scenes in different seasons. In summer, rivers flood all over the mountains and rivers, and ships are blocked. "In spring and summer, the green pool is surging and the reflection is clear. Duoqibai, hanging springs and waterfalls, flies in it. " Snow-white rapids, green pools, rolling waves and beautiful reflections make the author admire "endless fun". In autumn, however, "the forest is cold and cold, and there are often high apes whistling", and the sorrow cries constantly, and in the empty valley, "the sorrow turns for a long time." The strange sight of the Three Gorges is vividly depicted. The author used a lot of stippling to write the scenery, and only used more words of One Happy and Fifty to get the panorama of the Three Gorges in 700 miles. Write the scenery of spring and summer, with "plain", "green", "clear" and "shadow" characters; Write the autumn scenery, and vividly show the charm of the scenery with "cold", "sad" and "sad" characters. The article describes mountains first, then water, with natural layout and clear thinking. Write about the four seasons of moisture. In the rhythm of the article, it is also a combination of static and dynamic, swaying. Towering peaks, surging rivers, clear waters, flying waterfalls, sad ape songs and sad fishing songs form a natural and harmonious picture with different styles, which left a deep impression on readers. The quoted poems show the characteristics of outstanding mountains and high waters, and at the same time, they render the sad atmosphere of the Three Gorges autumn scenery.

About the author:

Li Daoyuan (about 470-527) is good at writing. Han nationality, Fanyang Zhuozhou (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province). Northern Wei geographer and essayist. My career was bumpy, but I didn't do my best. He has read many rare books. When I was young, I went to Shandong with my father to seek waterways. Later, he traveled the Qinling Mountains, north of Huaihe River and south of the Great Wall, inspected rivers and ditches, collected relevant customs, historical stories and myths and legends, and wrote 40 volumes of notes about water mirrors. The writing style is meaningful and vivid, which is not only a colorful geographical work, but also a collection of beautiful landscape prose. It can be regarded as the pioneering work of China's tourism literature, which has a great influence on the development of later tourism prose. In addition 13 local chronicles and 7 appointments have been lost.