Asia and Europe
Asia and Europa 1. 1 mainland: Asia: the rising sun in the east, Europa: the setting sun in the west >: Asia and Europe, as a single entity, synthesized Eurasia. Asia, East, South, North Pacific, Indian Ocean, Western Arctic Ocean and connecting Europe, Africa and Southwest China, adjacent to the Bering Strait and the eastern North Sea. Asians? Covering an area of about 440,000 square kilometers, it is a continent in the world. Europe borders on the Arctic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with Asia in the east and South Africa in the north, west and south. .
The mountainous terrain of the Asian plateau: three characteristics: high altitude terrain, mountainous area and high average altitude;
On the uneven ground, the disparity level. 3. The terrain in the central part is high and low.
Terrain difference:
Asia and Europe are the continents with the lowest elevation in the world, with an average elevation of.
The ground undulations are relatively large, and the differences are mainly plateau topography and mountain plains.
The terrain is high in the middle, and the mountain plains are mainly distributed in the south and north.
Complex and diverse Asian climate: complex and diverse: continental characteristics are remarkable; Monsoon is the strongest, the most typical, and the most seriously affected areas are also very wide. There are many rivers: rivers originate in the central plateau mountains and flow radially into the sea along the surrounding terrain;
Floating population and most Asian countries: Asia is the most populous continent in the world, with a total population of 367.2 billion in 2000, accounting for 60% of the world's total population. There are more than 654.38+0 million in China, most of which are p> 1.2 in Africa and Asia.
& ltBR The countries with the largest mainland area and the most population in the world: "Hot Sun" and "AFRIKA" are located in West Africa in the old hemisphere, and the north and south cross the equator. This is the East Indian Ocean, which crosses the narrow land of the Red Sea and Suez Canal, reaches the western boundary of the Atlantic Ocean, borders Gibraltar and the Mediterranean Strait in the north, and spans Europe and Northeast Asia. There are 54 independent African countries, the largest in the world. Most plateau areas of the African continent are called "plateau continent".
In North Africa, the Sahara Desert is the largest desert in the world, occupying the continental area.
Hot climate: The arid region of Africa is the largest continent in the world.
Africa has the largest savanna.
Climate characteristics: high temperature resistance, wide drought area, and the climate types are divided into north-south symmetrical distribution.
Rich in resources: "Rich continent" Africa is vast and diverse.
The reserves and output of diamonds, gold, chromite and phosphate rock are among the highest in the world.
Emergency economic development:
1.3 America: "New World": America is called "Island of America".
The north is different from the natural environment in the south: the average altitude in North America is high, and the terrain is undulating. The terrain is divided into three columns: the west is a tall mountain range, the middle is a vast plain, and the east is low. Immigration and the economy:
Chapter II Understanding the Region
2. 1 Southeast Asia: including Indochina Peninsula and Malaysia.
Southeast Asia, located in Southeast Asia, includes most of Indochina Peninsula and Malay Archipelago. In the northern part of Indo-China Peninsula, the terrain is steep, and the mountains and rivers in China extend from north to south, forming a series of surface morphological distribution with alternating rivers. Malaysia is distributed on 20,000 islands between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean. Most of Malaysia's islands are rugged, with far fewer mountains and rivers and swift rivers in the plains. Indonesia is the country with the most volcanoes in the world and is called "Volcano Country". Japan is called "the country of earthquakes"
Rivers in this area have topographical features, rivers, zhina, India.
From north to south, the Malay archipelago has short white rapids and rugged terrain.
Malacca Strait: Southeast Asia, at the "crossroads" of the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean, is an important air and sea transportation hub in the world.
Rich in minerals: the most important natural rubber producing area in the world, tropical crops such as oil palm and coconut. Thailand and palm oil, which produce natural rubber, both rank first in the world in export volume. The Philippines is the world's largest exporter of coconut and coconut oil. Oil, tin, Malaysia and Indonesia are among the top countries in the world.
The largest overseas Chinese settlement: Southeast Asia is one of the most densely populated areas in the world.
The population is concentrated in river alluvial plain, estuary delta and coastal plain, while mountainous and tropical rain forest areas and islands are sparsely populated.
2.2
South Asian subcontinent: South Asia refers to the vast area between southern Asia, the Himalayas and the western Indian Ocean. According to Bangladesh, Arabian Sea, West China and Gulf, it covers an area of about 43,000 square kilometers, with a total area close to the east.
Three regions: Himalayas, Ganges Plain and Deccan Plateau.
Year of the third quarter: the third quarter is hot, from March to May, rainy in June, and cool in 1 1 to February.
Religion and Society: Buddhism, Hinduism and Islam in Pakistan.
Population and economy: South Asia is one of the densely populated areas, with a population of about10.30 billion, and China accounts for10.5 of the world population.
2.3 Valencia
Three continents and five seas: Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea, Caspian Sea, Red Sea and Arabian Sea. Asia, Africa and Europe.
This is the famous ancient Silk Road in China.
Farming in arid environment: crops need irrigation, and the State of Israel has done the most outstanding thing.
Arab countries: Religion: Christianity, Judaism, Islam, the world oil treasure house.
Place of birth: 25% of the world's total output. Transport through the Persian Gulf. Oil export pipeline:
2.4 Western Europe
Location and Scope: Western Europe is the western half of Europe, covering an area of 5 million square kilometers, including the area of more than 30 countries. Judging from the level of economic development, most of them belong to developed countries.
Strong economic strength: the prosperity of tourism;
2.5 In the Arctic and Antarctic regions
Ice and snow world: refers to the area north of the Arctic Circle, including the Arctic Ocean, the northern part of some island continents in Asia and Europe and the North American continent. The land area of the Arctic is about 8 million square kilometers? The Arctic is about 13 100000 square kilometers. Include Antarctica and Antarctic Sea, Iceland and continental margin, and is also a part of the former South Pacific, South Atlantic and South Indian Ocean. The Arctic is cold, windy and has little precipitation.
In the Arctic Circle, the population living permanently is close to 3 million dollars. The local Inuit and aborigines are mainly Lapps. Antarctica has no country and no permanent residents. Arctic scientific investigation: China Great Wall Station (62 13; 5858' West) China Zhongshan Station (6925' S；; 76 10'E)/ > Chapter III Entry
3. 1 Japan
& ltBr (Japan): The island country is in East Asia: Japan is located in the territory of East Asia, the Western Pacific, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu, and more than 3,900 small islands. The capital Tokyo. Common language: Japanese. Mountainous terrain: Japan is a mountainous island, and 3/4 of the land is mountains and hills. Kanto Plain, the largest plain in Japan. Mount Fuji: A famous active volcano, with an altitude of 3776, is the highest peak in Japan.
Humid climate: Japan mainly belongs to temperate monsoon climate and subtropical monsoon climate.
Cultural integration: In ancient times, Japanese culture was influenced by the state. In modern times, it influenced a wide range of European and American cultures in Japan. Japanese clothing: kimono; Favorite traditional Japanese food: sushi
Developed economies: After World War II, Japan gave full play to its advantages in human resources and maritime transportation, actively introduced advanced foreign technologies, and strived to open up the international market, thus making the national economy develop rapidly. At present, Japan's GDP ranks second in the world after the United States. Per capita GDP also ranks first in the world. Japan is a capitalist country with a developed economy, and its manufacturing, high-tech industries, international trade, finance and information industries all belong to the advanced level in the world. Our main departments are electronic products, household appliances, automobiles, shipbuilding, steel, chemicals, textiles and precision machinery. Japan has a small area of cultivated land and insufficient agricultural labor force, but it has improved the level of agricultural production.
Japan is a leading fishery producer in the world. Japan's traffic is also very developed. Major cities: Tokyo is one of the political, economic, cultural and transportation centers of China, and also a megacity in the world with a population of 6,543.8+0.2 million.
3.2 Egypt: It spans two continents: Egypt is called Arabia Egypt is located in most parts of northeast Africa. The dividing line between Asia and Africa: Suez Canal. Egypt has a territory of over one million square kilometers.
Religion: Islam; Capital: Cairo (ancient capital). Vast desert: The Mediterranean coast in northern Egypt has a Mediterranean climate, and most areas have a tropical desert climate. It is hot, dry and rainy all year round. The longest river in the world? The Nile, which Egyptians call the mother river, is the mother river of the Yellow River in China. Ancient civilization: Egypt is one of the cradles of ancient civilization. Magnificent sphinx, mysterious mummy, solemn temple, hieroglyphics, astronomical calendar. The pyramids of Egypt: known as one of the seven wonders of the world. The Terracotta Warriors and the Qin Mausoleum in China are one of the Seven Wonders. Industrial and agricultural development: agriculture is concentrated in the Nile valley and delta, which is the African region of modern agriculture. Known as the highest level of producing long-staple cotton, the output ranks first in the world.
3.3 Russia) br: Among the largest countries: Russia has a vast territory, so the figure of 17080000 square kilometers is the largest country in the world and the only one in two continents and two hemispheres. Plain: Russia is low in the east and high in the west. Rivers and mountains are important boundaries and great terrain areas. In Russia, 70% of the vast desert plains. The temperate continental climate is dominant: the temperate continental climate in most parts of Russia is long and cold in winter and short and cool in summer. Rich in resources: Baikal Lake in Siberia is the deepest lake in the world and the largest freshwater lake. Russia's oil production ranks third in the world. Gold production ranks second in the world. Reforming the economy: Russia is an important industrial power, and industries such as energy, steel, machinery, chemical industry and aerospace are in a prominent position. The main agricultural products in Russia are cereals, potatoes, flax and milk meat. The Volga River and Don River basins in the eastern European plain are the main agricultural areas. Russia from the Soviet Union to Russia 199 1. Moscow, the capital, is located in the plain of Eastern Europe. The development of Siberia:
3.4 France (France):
Europe's largest economy: area: 55 square kilometers. Population: 5889. Capital: Paris. Topography: high in the southeast and low in the northwest, with plains and hills accounting for 4/5. Climate: temperate climate, with little climate change, and the water level runs evenly throughout the year. Output: World wheat output. Europe's largest wheat exporter. Overview: French industry is also very developed. Coal, iron and other important industrial resources are abundant.
Cultural tourism: France has a long history and splendid culture. Well-preserved historical sites, beautiful natural scenery, romantic customs, elegant art and fashion trends ... France received the most foreign tourists in the world in 1999. Tourism is an important pillar of French economy.
3.5 United States (USA): American Territory: Composition: Alaska, "Native", Hawaii. National flag: The Stars and Stripes. Highly developed economy: The United States is a highly developed capitalist country. After World War II, its industrial output has been ranked first in the world. America is a big agricultural country in the world. The United States is rich in natural resources, convenient transportation, strong technical force and many benefits from industrial development. America is an industrialized country in the world. In foreign trade, American industrial and agricultural products are China's largest export trade, and also the country that imports the most automobiles, oil and textiles in the world.
Population and cities: the population in 2000 was $28.2 billion; The race of European immigrants is white, and there are also a small number of former African Americans. The population of the United States is unevenly distributed. The United States is a densely populated area near the Great Lakes and coastal plains. The sparsely populated western plateau mountainous area. Washington, D.C., located in the District of Columbia. New york is the most populous country, the largest port in the United States and one of the four largest financial centers in the world. Los Angeles is the largest port city and economic and cultural center along the Pacific coast. San Francisco is San Francisco, and its name is one of the financial, trade, educational and cultural centers along the Pacific coast of the United States. It is also a famous natural port.
3.6 Brazil) br: Amazon Plain and Hudson River: Brazil is the largest country in South America with a land area of 8.547 million square kilometers. The topography of Brazil is dominated by plains and plateaus, with plains accounting for 1/3 of the Amazon and the rest basically being Brazilian plateaus. There are dense forests and a wide variety of animals and plants here, and it is known as the "world animal and plant kingdom". The forest is damp and dark, sparsely populated and the traffic is inconvenient. There are countless Amazon rivers, and the tributaries are gentle and easy to transport. The mouth of the bay is wide, with a width of over 300 kilometers. There is Wang Yang in the flood season, which is called "Jianghai". Rapid economic development: Brazil is the strongest country in South America. Brazil has a relatively complete industrial system and a relatively high level of industrial development. Brazil's advanced agricultural mechanization project is the largest coffee producer and exporter in the world. Most of Brazil's iron ore reserves are rich in iron ore. Brazil is rich in water resources, and the proportion of hydropower in domestic power supply is gradually increasing.
Population and City: Brazil is the most populous country in South America, with 6.5438+0.7 million people in 2000, accounting for the total population. Sao Paulo, the largest city in Brazil. Rio de Janeiro is the second largest city in Brazil. Brasilia, the capital of Brazil, is.
3.7 Australia: It has a continent: Australia is in Oceania in Asia, adjacent to the largest country in the northwest, bordering the Pacific Ocean in the east, the Indian Ocean in the west and Antarctica in the south. It is the only country in the world that owns the whole continent. Australian territory, including mainland Australia, Tasmania and other surrounding islands? It covers an area of about 7.74 million square kilometers, ranking sixth in the world. Canberra, the Australian capital. The common language is English.
Flat terrain: Australia has a flat terrain, with an average elevation of 300 meters, which is the most gentle continent in the world. The west is a vast and flat plateau, and the central plain accounts for about 25% of the total area of the mainland; ? The eastern mountainous area of Cape York Peninsula is in the north. Ancient beasts:
Developed agriculture, industry and mining: Australia is a capitalist country with developed economy in the southern hemisphere.
Australia's natural conditions are suitable for developing agriculture and animal husbandry. From "A Country Riding on a Sheep's Back". Australia is rich in mineral resources, ranking first in the world. There is "Sitting in the National Bathtub"