Cultivation techniques of Beijing 553 sweet potato Ⅰ. Soil selection
Choose sandy loam with deep soil layer and convenient irrigation and drainage, and it is appropriate to use the plot where melon crops have not been planted for 3 ~ 5 years.
Second, apply foot fat.
When watermelon is ditched, 5000 kg of organic fertilizer, 20-25 kg of superphosphate or diammonium phosphate, 8- 10 kg of potassium fertilizer are applied to 667 square meters, and organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied to the ditch.
Third, reasonable seed selection
Watermelon varieties with good early maturity and strong resistance to Fusarium wilt were screened out, such as Kangzheng No.3, Kangkuzaoguanlong and Xiyan No.3. Sweet potato is selected from farm varieties with early maturity, short growth period and high sugar content.
Fourth, ditching, irrigation and film laying >> There is more green in the plant net.
Trenching is carried out on the center lines of two fertilization ditches before sowing and transplanting, and the distance between the center lines is 3.8-4m. The upper mouth of the melon ditch is 70 ~ 80 cm wide and the ditch is 40 cm deep. It is required that the furrow should be straight, the waterline should be consistent after irrigation, and the width of the border should be 2.7 ~ 3 meters. One week after irrigation, the sowing belt should be leveled, covered with film to keep moisture and raise temperature.
Five, timely sowing
Seedling raising techniques of sweet potato
Select potato pieces with disease-free, robust, smooth skin, uniform size and single weight150 ~ 200 g. Seedling raising can be carried out in the greenhouse, on the kang, and on the hot bed where the temperature is stored in the sun. In our region, the hot bed seedling raising method of storing temperature in the sun around March 20 is mostly adopted. Specific technology: the east-west trend of seedbed depends on the needs of seedling raising and the site. Generally 3-5 meters long and 2-3 meters wide. The peripheral structure can be set according to the shape of the greenhouse, and the height of the back wall is about1.2m.. Vents should be built on the east and west walls, and the bottom of the seedbed should be built with bricks to make the hot bed empty and padded, which is beneficial to water discharge. Fresh cow, horse and sheep manure should be selected as the hot material, and appropriate amount of water should be added to facilitate decomposition and fermentation. Specific methods: Use wooden sticks as a bed at the bottom, spread 15cm wheat straw or fine crop straw, spread 15cm thick cow, horse and sheep manure, heat for 2-3 days, open the vent to remove ammonia, and then fill it with 20cm sandy soil with good air permeability and fertile soil, and the seed potato is inclined at 45? Arranged neatly on the seedbed, with row spacing of 20 cm and plant spacing of 5 cm. Cover with fine sand (it is advisable to cover the sweet potato tightly), then sprinkle water and tie it on the shed. The temperature is controlled at about 25℃ during the day and 18 ~ 20℃ at night. Pre-water control: after the potato seedlings are unearthed, sprinkle water every 7 days 1 time. When the potato seedlings grow to 15 ~ 20cm, ventilate during the day, and when the potato seedlings grow to 25cm, they can be pulled out and transplanted. Before the transplanting time, the heel can be used as a backup. This method has the advantages of large seedling emergence, easy control of temperature and humidity, short seedling formation time and more potato seedlings, and it is easier to survive than cutting and transplanting seedlings.
Brief introduction of Beijing 553 sweet potato