Children are as curious and eager to explore as scientists. They are full of vigor and energy and tirelessly explore the world around them. Children's science education should guide, support and guide children to actively explore and gain experience and knowledge about the surrounding world and its relationship. Therefore, teachers should seek and seize educational opportunities in scientific activities and guide children to discover and acquire knowledge through exploration. At the same time, the secrets in science cannot be separated from children's naive eyes to observe, so observation is an important way for children to know nature and gain direct experience from society. All activities carried out in kindergartens are inseparable from observation. Observation plays a very important role in broadening children's horizons, enriching their knowledge and promoting their intellectual development. In my long-term preschool education practice, I intend to explore how to cultivate children's observation ability.

Put forward some own views for peer reference. First, starting from children's interests, create an environment that children like to observe. Interest is the best teacher, which can unify children's cognition and behavior, enhance children's attention, enable children to actively devote their energy to learning activities, and consciously remember, imagine and think about what they have observed. We often say that environment makes people. Although this sentence is not completely correct, the environment plays an important role in children's learning and development. In science education, taking observation as the basic means to create a good observation environment for children is the main guarantee to cultivate children's observation ability. In learning activities, I pay attention to education and teaching activities based on children's interests. For example, in an outdoor activity, I saw a group of children get together and observe ants with great interest, so I observed them together and introduced the living habits of ants to the children. The children mastered the knowledge in a very relaxed situation, and I accomplished the activity goal easily. Second, look for educational opportunities in daily activities, cultivate children's interest in observation 1, and create opportunities for children to make scientific discoveries. Therefore, I create a science area in my class, and provide all kinds of materials and tools to stimulate children's curiosity and let them participate in interesting scientific exploration activities easily, happily and actively. I put a magnifying glass, thermometer, balance, compass, battery, wire and light bulb, made a water container with a medicine bottle, and collected leaves, paper products, table tennis and so on. Let the children operate independently, and I will guide them. Once, I showed them fingerprints and found that everyone's fingerprints were different. They are very curious. I asked them if they wanted fingerprints, and they all said yes. So, I began to draw a pencil print on a piece of white paper with my children, press it with my fingers, and then print my fingerprints with transparent glue. At this time, I asked again: what method can I use to see the fingerprints clearly? Children talk in many ways. Through the children's operation, I found the opportunity of education in the activity and promoted their active learning.

2. Create a plant corner. I put a lot of dried fruits, vegetables and fruits in the plant corner of the classroom, planted a lot of plants and watered a lot. Such as: garlic, onion, soybean, potato, chlorophytum, etc. Children will also bring what they think is interesting and put it in the corner of the plant. I often ask young children to draw things in the corner of plants or the growth of plants, and form a good habit of observing and recording. At the same time, I instruct young children to grow garlic in different sunny and cool environments. Through observation, children found that although the garlic seedlings grow very luxuriantly in sunny places, they will never grow well in places without sunlight. From this, children know that plants cannot grow without water and sunlight. These observation environments created above are all loved by children and enlightening. They can cultivate children's feelings of "loving science", enrich children's cognition of "loving science" and broaden their horizons of "knowing science", thus developing children's most basic scientific quality. 3. Looking for educational opportunities in daily life If the weather is bad, I will let my children observe the changes of dark clouds, lightning, electricity, ants and dragonflies, and the sky, plants, animals and buildings will also change after the rain. It can also make children think about the inconvenience that rain will bring to our lives, how to solve it, and discuss the benefits that rain brings to people. Seek educational opportunities from children's lives, so that children can develop their imagination, improve their ability to obtain information and solve problems, and enrich their life experiences in the process of playing and thinking.

Children explore the objective world through their own observation activities and gain direct scientific experience. Therefore, when guiding children to carry out scientific activities, we must take cultivating children's observation ability and stimulating children's observation interest as the starting point. 1 is to guide children to observe in a purposeful and planned way and look for something from observation. For example, in the "various bags" of scientific activities, I have prepared various bags for my children, including plastic bags, mesh bags, cloth bags, paper bags, snakeskin bags and sacks. , aroused the child's interest in observation. I teach children how to observe by asking questions, such as, "There are many different bags here. Look at them with your eyes and touch them with your hands. What are their differences and similarities? " Later, the children learned that different bag materials can be used to hold different things. With children, we focused on "plastic bags". The children observed further with questions, were questioned by the teacher's facts, and guided the children to change their observation goals. Finally, the children learned that plastic bags are used a lot in our lives, but plastic will bring harm to the environment, because it is not easy to decompose after use, so we should use less in the future. But now there is an environmentally friendly plastic bag, which is less harmful to our environment, thus effectively stimulating children's curiosity and interest, so that children can happily and comprehensively understand the different characteristics and functions of different bags.

2. Encourage and inspire children to ask questions. Observation can make children interested in all kinds of things, and strong interest will lead to further observation. During observation activities, children often ask questions out of curiosity. Teachers should be patient, give praise first, then give scientific answers, and guide them to continue to observe, analyze, compare and summarize. For example, why does the ceiling fan rotate? I told my children that there is a rotating shaft in the ceiling fan, which is electrically driven. When the child understood, I took the opportunity to ask the child "Why does the bicycle wheel turn and why does the alarm clock turn". Let children think, help them form the habit of observing things consciously, and cultivate their interest in observing things consciously. Third, look for educational opportunities in curriculum activities and teach children the correct observation methods. The goal of science curriculum is to stimulate children's curiosity and interest in learning the world around them, help them explore the world around them, gain extensive scientific experience, and form a preliminary scientific concept on the basis of perceptual experience. Teachers should be good at discovering, using the things that children are interested in, the questions they want to explore and the activities they like to expand into the content of science education and generate the activities of science education. Children have a strong interest in animals, so I seized the opportunity of education and generated educational content about poultry, livestock and wild animals. To carry out children's scientific activities, we should respect children's cognitive characteristics and scientific essential characteristics, not necessarily require children to say accurate and scientific concepts, but emphasize the process of children's independent exploration and discovery and gain relevant experience. I specially designed an activity "Secrets in a Box". In the activity, I guide children to collect clues through their own sense of smell, hearing, touch and vision, draw correct judgments, learn to use various senses correctly, and develop their perceptual ability. I encourage every child to operate according to his own ideas and record them. I don't help the child who made mistakes in his study to sort out the data immediately, but let him try again and get the correct result through his own efforts and practice. I encourage children to fully discuss and let each child speak his own conclusions. Finally, I synthesized the children's views, summarized them in the context of their experiments, and summarized them in more accurate language that children can understand and accept.

Teachers should not only cultivate children's interest in observing things around them, but also teach them how to observe and cultivate their keen observation ability. First, guide children to observe with experiments. For example, to carry out the scientific activity of "eggs float", four containers containing three-fifths of fresh water, four eggs and some milk, brown sugar and edible salt are prepared for each group of children as soon as class begins, so that the children can play together and make the eggs float. The children were very interested and soon enjoyed themselves. Many children are so excited about their discovery that they are scrambling to tell their peers. At this time, the teacher asked "What did the children find through observation?" The children argued: "The eggs in fresh water, salt water, milk water and sugar water are all heavy, but the water for milk."

It turned white, and the water with yellow sugar turned red. "I will guide the children to put more salt in the salt water, stir with chopsticks, and let the salt dissolve quickly to see what the difference is. At this time, the children excitedly raised their small hands and told me that when mixing salt water, the eggs seemed to float in the water, while when mixing fresh water and milk, the eggs just sank and shook. At this time, the teacher affirmed the child's discovery and let the child fully experience the joy of discovery in one attempt. Secondly, guide children to observe more. Understanding things often begins with comparison, and only through comparison can we identify and understand the similarities and differences between one thing and another. In scientific activities, some phenomena are difficult for children to find or ignore, so it is difficult to complete the whole observation process. So I adopted the method of comparative observation, so that children can discover and observe the mystery in the process of comparative observation. This not only satisfies their thirst for knowledge, but also increases their talent, enhances their observation sensitivity and cultivates their observation ability. For example, in the scientific activity of "wonderful mirror", let children compare the difference between glass and plane mirror, concave lens and convex lens. Compare similarities and differences by looking, touching and taking photos. Through observation and comparison, we find that we can see what is in front of the glass through the glass, but we can only see ourselves through the glass. A flat mirror is made of glass, but its back is coated with mercury. We can't see what is in front of the mirror through the mirror, but we can see ourselves clearly from the mirror. This comparative observation method can help children grasp the similarities and differences of various things, the changes of phenomena and some internal relations between things, which plays a very important role in improving children's observation ability. Third, guide children to observe with multiple senses. Multi-sensory observation is a way to observe things with the help of human senses. Human senses generally include sight, hearing, smell, taste and touch. When observing, seeing with your eyes, touching with your hands, smelling with your nose and tasting with your tongue will all contribute to a comprehensive understanding of things, train the comprehensiveness of observation, and deepen your impression of things in your mind. For example, during the scientific activities of "Colorful Soap", I prepared soaps with different shapes and colors for children, so that children could try to feel, see and smell the external characteristics of soap with the help of our different senses. The children were really interested, and some touched it with their hands, saying that the soap was hard, slippery, a little oily and a little sticky; Some smell it with their noses, saying that soap smells delicious, some smell like oranges, and some smell like lemons. Some introverted children look with their eyes. They are communicating with their peers and say, "The colors of soap are white, green and yellow, and their shapes are different. "At this time, I encourage the children to introduce their findings to everyone. Through various sensory observation, children know that soap has various colors, shapes and tastes. Fourth, organize children to discuss and exchange observation results.

The children in the middle class are bound to have new discoveries and new ideas at any time during the observation activities, so they have a strong desire to "say". At this point, the appearance they observed is still in a vague state. Teachers can organize children to communicate their own observation process and findings with their peers in time, so that children can be inspired by mutual communication, constantly sort out scattered perceptual experiences and consolidate perceptual achievements. Therefore, in the process of observation, the teacher can let the children "tell their peers about your findings". After the observation, the teacher can organize the children to discuss and give them as many opportunities as possible to show themselves. 1, ask more open questions. For example, "What did you find?" "What else have you found to encourage children with different levels of observation ability to tell their peers about their findings and share the happiness of observation results with friends? 2. Give children time to think. After asking questions, teachers should be good at waiting. For all children, let them have enough time and opportunities to think and express themselves, and avoid the phenomenon of "going through the motions" and getting one or two approximate answers and then thinking that the purpose of the activity has been achieved and ending hastily. 3. The process of guiding children to communicate and observe. When children discuss, teachers should listen carefully, then sum up flexibly according to the communication situation of children, and provide relevant knowledge to sum up past experiences, so that children can fully understand the observation phenomenon. For example, in the second exchange activity of "bubble life buoy", the teacher first sorts out the children's observation results; Just now, we patted the cup with our hands and found that the bubbles on the floret broke or dispersed, and the floret fell off. After stopping, after a while, the bubbles on the floret slowly became bigger and the floret swam up again. "Then ask the children;" Who helped Xiaohua swim up? "At this time, the child will get the answer: bubbles. Finally, the teacher summed up in concrete and easy-to-understand language: "It turns out that the lifebuoy we want to change is a bubble lifebuoy. There are many bubbles around the floret, just like wearing a bubble life buoy and swimming up. If the bubble life buoy is broken by the little magicians, the small flower will fall without its help. Bubble lifebuoy is really powerful. "Let children understand the observation phenomenon and leave a vivid and concrete observation impression. 5. Encourage children to continue to observe. In scientific activities, the observation ability of middle school children has developed to varying degrees. Some children can't achieve their predetermined goals, while others are still lacking. In order to better develop each child at the original level, teachers should pay attention to the development of outreach activities. 1. Keep a certain proportion of old materials in the science area to guide children with weak observation ability to fully observe, repeatedly perceive and boldly express their findings.

2. Provide a variety of materials for children with strong ability to satisfy their desire to explore. For example, in the "bubble life buoy" activity, you can also prepare some small things such as beans, buttons and melon seeds, so that children can choose to do experiments themselves and continue to observe and compare the experimental phenomena. The goal of cultivating children's observation ability in middle class should permeate all children's activities, and cultivate children's observation ability in formal scientific activities, informal and accidental scientific activities and kindergarten education activities; Observation is a basic and universal ability in the process of scientific inquiry, a part of scientific activities, but it is the soul that runs through the whole activity. Therefore, it is very important to cultivate children's observation ability. Children discover the beauty of nature through observation; Understand the mysteries of science through observation; Through observation, we know the importance of the environment to human beings. In a word, cultivating children's observation ability is not only beneficial to science, but also to the development of children's thinking and language expression ability.

I hope it will help you and I hope it will be adopted.