Chitooligosaccharides, also known as chitooligosaccharides and oligochitosan, are oligosaccharide products with polymerization degree of 2~20 obtained by degrading chitosan by special biological enzyme technology (chemical degradation and microwave degradation technology are also reported), and the molecular weight is ≤3200Da, which is a low molecular weight product with good water solubility, great functional effect and high biological activity. It has many unique functions that chitosan does not have, such as high solubility, complete solubility in water and easy absorption and utilization by organisms, and its function is 14 times that of chitosan.
Chitosan oligosaccharide is the only basic amino oligosaccharide with positive cations in nature, and it is animal cellulose. Chitooligosaccharides are small molecular oligosaccharides with amino groups degraded from chitosan in shrimp and crab shells, and are sugar chains with polymerization degree of 2-20.
Second, the use of chitosan oligosaccharide.
Processing high molecular chitosan into water-soluble low molecular chitosan by the original microwave physical method is a brand-new biotechnology after genetic engineering and protein engineering, which is called the third generation biotechnology and can be widely used in agriculture, food, chemical industry, energy, environmental protection, medicine and other fields. ?
1, agricultural field
Chitosan oligosaccharide can change soil flora and promote the growth of beneficial microorganisms. Chitooligosaccharides can also induce plant disease resistance, immunize and kill many fungi, bacteria and viruses, and have good control effects on diseases such as wheat mosaic, cotton verticillium wilt, rice blast and tomato late blight, and can be developed into biological pesticides, growth regulators and fertilizers.
2. Daily chemical industry
Chitosan oligosaccharide has obvious functions of moisturizing, activating body cells, preventing skin roughness and aging, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria on the skin surface, inhibiting bacteria, resisting skin diseases, absorbing ultraviolet rays, etc., and can be applied to skin care products such as moisturizing, anti-wrinkle and sun protection. Chitooligosaccharides can also maintain the film-forming permeability of the hair surface, which is easy to comb when wet, and can be antistatic, dustproof, antipruritic and dandruff-removing, and can be used in hair care products.
3, the field of biological veterinary drugs
Using its antibacterial effect to prevent or treat animal diseases caused by staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Actinobacillus, Streptococcus mutans and other bacteria; Using the function of chitosan oligosaccharide to promote wound healing, it can be used for the auxiliary treatment of animal trauma or fracture; Because it has the function of reducing blood fat, it can also be used for the treatment of pet obesity; Because carboxymethyl chitosan oligosaccharide has good complexing ability to iron ions, zinc ions and calcium ions, it is expected to be made into new natural iron supplements, zinc supplements and calcium supplements.
4. The field of feed additives
Chitosan oligosaccharide is non-toxic, heat-free and mutation-free, which can regulate microbial metabolic activities in animal intestines and selectively activate and proliferate beneficial bacteria.
As feed and bait additives, chitosan oligosaccharide can improve the immunity, disease resistance and growth promotion of livestock and poultry and aquatic animals (fish, shrimp, shellfish and ginseng). Chitooligosaccharides can also hinder the growth and reproduction of pathogenic bacteria, promote protein synthesis and cell activation, thus improving the production performance of livestock and poultry.
5. Medical field
It plays an important role in immunomodulation, anti-tumor, reducing blood fat, regulating blood sugar, improving liver, cardiopulmonary function and other physiological functions. ?
6. Dairy products: As an activating factor of intestinal probiotics (such as Bifidobacterium), it can improve the absorption of calcium and minerals.
7. Condiment: As a natural antiseptic product, it replaces chemical preservatives such as sodium benzoate.
8. Beverages: Functional beverages such as slimming, detoxifying and beautifying, and immunomodulation.
9. Fruits and vegetables: coated with film to keep fresh, the film is breathable and waterproof, and has antibacterial and antiseptic effects.
physiological function
1, regulating intestinal microecology
Under acidic conditions, the free amino groups in chitosan oligosaccharide molecules are protonated, which can interact with the positively charged cell membrane of bacteria, interfere with the cell membrane function of bacteria, cause the loss of bacterial cytoplasm and inhibit the growth of fungi and microorganisms. Its antibacterial activity is related to the kind and concentration of bacteria, and its antibacterial activity increases with the increase of concentration, and it has bactericidal effect at high concentration.
Chitooligosaccharides is an important BF, which can regulate the metabolic activities of microorganisms in the intestinal tract of animals, improve the distribution of intestinal flora, promote the growth and reproduction of Bifidobacterium, thereby improving the immunity of the body, lowering the pH value in the intestinal tract, inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria in the intestinal tract, producing B vitamins, decomposing carcinogens, promoting intestinal peristalsis and enhancing protein absorption.
2. Improve the intestinal tissue morphology.
To improve the production performance of animals, chitosan oligosaccharide can increase the density of ileal microvilli and tend to be thinner and higher. Increasing the height and density of microvilli is beneficial to increase the absorption area of small intestine, promote the absorption of nutrients and improve the utilization rate of feed.
3. Enhance immune function
At present, the immune enhancement effect of chitosan oligosaccharide has been confirmed by many scholars, and its anti-infection mechanism has the following explanations: chitosan oligosaccharide stimulates the body, promotes the increase of the number of cells in peritoneal exudate, activates macrophages, thereby increasing the production of reactive oxygen species, and then plays a role through the oxidative sterilization mechanism.
Resources Baidu Encyclopedia-Chitosan Oligosaccharides? Use? physiological function