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Zhuang Zhou's [pre-Qin] carefree tour
original text
There is a kind of fish named Kun in the north. Kun is so big, I don't know its thousands of miles; Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is thousands of miles away; Fly away angrily, its wings hang in the sky like clouds. If it is a bird, shipping will migrate to Nanming. South ghost, Tianchi also. "Qi Xie", ambition is strange. The text of "Hehe" says: "Peng moved to Nanming, and the water hit three thousand miles. It was Jiu Wan Li who climbed up and went to rest in June. " Wild horses, dust and creatures are blowing with interest. The sky is gray, and its positive color is evil? Far away and everything is extremely evil? It looks down. If it is, it's gone. And the product of husband's water is not thick, then the negative boat is weak. Cover the depression with a glass of water, and the mustard will sail; If you cover a cup, it's glue. Shallow water makes a big boat. The wind is not thick, and its negative wing is weak. Therefore, nine Wan Li, the wind is next, it is the wind of today; Those who carry the blue sky but don't die, then they will go to the south today. Kun and Xue Dui laughed and said, "I decided to fly to grab the elm tree, but when it didn't arrive, I took control of the ground. What do you think of Wan Li and the South? " Suitable for ignorant people, there will be three meals, and the stomach will still be as expected; The fittest keeps food for a hundred miles; The fittest travels a thousand miles, and food gathers in March. What do you know about the second worm? Little knowledge is not as good as great knowledge, and small years are not as good as big years. What if I know? I don't know the future, I don't know the spring and autumn. There are ghosts in southern Chu, five hundred years old is spring, and five hundred years old is autumn; In ancient times, there was a big tree, eight thousand years old was spring, and eight thousand years old was autumn. This is also a big year. Peng Zu has a long-standing reputation, and everyone is a horse. Aren't you sad?
The thorn of the Tang question is also: "North of poverty, there is a ghost sea, Tianchi also." There is a kind of fish, which is thousands of miles wide. He who doesn't know his accomplishment is called Kun. There is a bird, its name is Peng, its back is like Mount Tai, and its wings are like clouds hanging from the sky. It's nine Wan Li who rolled the corner and reached the top. If you lose the clouds and the sky, you can seek the south again, which is also suitable for the south. He smiled and said, "What's wrong with him?" I jumped to my feet, but after counting down, I flew among Artemisia, which is also flying. And he is also a stone? ""this little debate is also.
Therefore, a husband who knows how to be an official, who is better than the countryside, combines morality with jun, and seizes the country has a high opinion of himself. However, Song still laughed: The reputation of the world is not persuaded, and the world is not in love. It is long gone to rely on the internal and external points to fight for the realm of honor and disgrace. There are countless others in the world. Although, there are still trees. Fu Liezi rode against the wind, Ling Ran was good, ten days and five days, and then reversed. The blessed don't count. Although this is off-line, there are still things to do. Why is it evil for a husband to benefit from the righteousness of heaven and earth and resist the debate of six qi, and to swim endlessly? Therefore, to a person who doesn't have himself, the God-man is useless and the sage is nameless.
Yao surrendered the world, saying, "The sun and the moon will rise, and there will be endless fires. Is it not difficult to be light? It's raining and I'm still immersed in it; It's hard in Jersey, isn't it? Master ruled the world, but I still died; I regard myself as lacking, please give it to the world. " Xu You said: "Zi governs the world, and the world has been governed; I will be the son of Judah, and I will be named? Celebrities are real guests; Will I be a guest? Wren nest in the depths of the forest, but only one; The mouse drank the water from the river, but the river was full. Rest yourself, it's useless to the world! Although I can't cure you, I wish you a better life! "
Shoulder to shoulder, he asked Uncle Lian, "I heard that Jieyu is too big to be right, but he does the opposite. I was frightened by his words. Or a river man who has no ambition; There is a big difference and it is inhuman. " Uncle Lian said, "What do you mean?" He said, "There are gods and people living in the mountains. If the skin is like ice and snow, if you are a virgin, you don't eat grains, suck the wind and drink dew, ride a dragon on a cloud, and travel around the world; Its spirit is condensed, so that things are not incomplete and immature in the years. I am crazy, I don't believe it. " Uncle Lian said, "Of course. Deaf people have nothing to do with the sound of bells and drums. Are you deaf or blind? Husband knows! He said it, and it was a woman. People are also virtuous, and everything is one, and the world is in chaos. What's the harm? What's the harm? People are also hurt by things: the sky is soaked but not drowned, the drought is flowing, and the mountains are burnt but not hot. Who wants to treat things as things? " The talent and wealth of the Song Dynasty were just suitable for all the Yue people, and the Yue people cut off their tattoos, which was useless. Yao ruled the people of the world, the politics of the sea, and went to see the mountain of the four sons. On the day of Fenshui, he lost his world.
Keiko called Zhuangzi and said, "Wang Wei made me a big species and achieved five stones. In order to fill water slurry, its firmness cannot be bootstrapped. If you regard it as a ladle, there is no room for it. It's not too big, but I'm sorry it's useless. " Zhuangzi said, "The master used it badly. There were good people in the Song Dynasty who didn't hurt their hands, and the world was worried about it. When the guests hear it, please buy its square hundred gold. Get together and ask:' I have lived for so long, but I only counted gold. I have gained one hundred gold skills, so please come with me. The guest got the news that the king of Wu. The more difficult it is, Wu Yueyue will do it. In winter, he will fight with the Vietnamese and defeat them. Split the ground and seal it up. If you don't touch it, seal it or avoid it, it will be different to use. This son has five stone heads on him. Why don't you think it's a big bottle, floating in the Jianghu, but you're worried that it will be lost? The master still has a heart and a husband! "
Keiko said to Zhuangzi, "I have a big tree. People call it a tree. Its big book is swollen but not in the rope ink, and its branchlets are curled and not in the rules, so the craftsman ignores the road. This son's words are big and useless, and everyone goes with him. " Zhuangzi said, "I don't think raccoons are alone, are they? Bow your head to the arrogant; It is indisputable that things are getting better; Yu Bibi died in vain. Today's husband is a cow as big as a cloud. This can be great, but you can't catch mice. There are big trees today, no matter how hard it is. Why not plant them in a land with nothing, in a vast wasteland, wandering around doing nothing and sleeping under them? If you don't kill an axe, you won't use it, and it will be miserable! "
translate
There is a fish in the sea in the north. Its name is Kun. Kun is so big, I don't know how big it is. Become a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng Bei is thousands of miles long. When it rises and flies, its spread wings are like clouds on the horizon. This kind of Peng bird will migrate to the southern waters when the wind blows the sea. The sea in the south is a huge natural pool. Qi Xie is a book about strange things. It is recorded in this book: "When Peng moved to the South China Sea, flapping his wings on the water surface could stir up waves of 3,000 miles, fly around the whirlwind to the high altitude of Wan Li, and leave the North Sea by June wind." The fog and flying dust in Shan Ye are caused by the breathing of moving creatures blowing each other. The sky is boundless, is it its original color? Is it boundless? When Peng looked down, he actually saw the same thing. If the collected water is not deep, then it has no strength to carry a big ship. Pour a glass of water in the low-lying place in front of the hall, and a grass can be regarded as a boat. If you put a cup on it, it will stick. This is why shallow water makes a big ship. If the concentrated wind is not strong enough, then there is no strength to load a huge wing. Therefore, Peng flew at an altitude of 90,000 miles, and the wind was smooth. With the wind, he carried the blue sky unimpeded, and then began to fly south. Cicada and Little Turtledove laughed at Peng and said, "We struggled to fly, but we stopped when we met elms and sandalwood trees. Sometimes we can't fly but land on the ground. Why fly nine Wan Li to the South China Sea? " Those who want to go to the suburbs will have a full meal and come back when they are full; People hundreds of miles away have to spend the whole night preparing dry food; People thousands of miles away have to save food for three months. How do cicadas and turtledoves know? Small wisdom is not comparable to great wisdom, and short life is not comparable to long life. Where did you know that? Fungi born in the morning (die before night) don't know night and dawn; Cicada (born in summer and died in autumn) therefore doesn't know spring and autumn. There is a big tree in southern Chu called Ghosts and Ghosts, which regards 500 years as a spring and 500 years as an autumn. In ancient times, there was a tree called Toona sinensis, which regarded 8,000 years as a spring and 8,000 years as an autumn. This is longevity. But Peng Zu is famous for its long life. Aren't you sad that people are keeping up with him?
This is Shang Tang's question: "In the far north without vegetation, there is a deep sea, and that is Tianchi. There is a fish in it. It is thousands of miles wide. No one knows how long it is. Its name is Kun. There is a bird. Its name is Peng. Peng's back is like Mount Tai, and his wings are like clouds in the sky. With a whirlwind like a horn, I boarded the Wan Li, crossed the clouds, shouldered the blue sky, and then flew south to the South China Sea. The sparrow sneered at Peng and said,' Where is it going? I flew with a jump, but fell a few feet high and circled among Artemisia, which was the ultimate flight. "Where will it fly?" "This is the difference between small and big.
Therefore, those who are smart and competent, competent for the duties of an official, whose actions can unite the people of a township, whose virtue can attract a king and whose ability can win the trust of the whole country look at themselves as if they were enemies. Song and Du laughed at them. Song Zi Rong was praised by everyone in the world, so he was not particularly encouraged. All the people in the world slander him, so he is not depressed. He decided his own affairs with foreign countries, distinguished the boundaries between honor and disgrace, and felt that was all. He does not pursue everything in the world desperately. Even so, he didn't reach that level. Liezi walks in the wind, light and beautiful. Come back in fifteen days; He didn't try his best to pursue happiness. Although this avoids walking, it still has something to rely on. If we conform to the nature of all things in the world, control the changes of six qi and roam in an infinite situation, what will he rely on? Therefore, the person with the highest self-cultivation can let nature take its course and forget yourself. The person with the highest self-cultivation has no intention of seeking merit, and the sage with moral knowledge has no intention of seeking fame.
Yao wanted to leave the world behind, saying, "The sun and the moon are rising, but the candle is still on. I want to add the light of the sun and the moon. Not difficult, right? " It rains on time, and it is futile to carry out artificial irrigation to wet the soil! If you become king, the world will be ruled and I will still be in its place. I feel very ashamed. Please allow me to give you the world. "Xu You said," you govern the world, and the world has been well governed. I will take over your job. Didn't I come here to be famous? "? Names are objects attached to reality. Should I be an object in name only? Wren can nest in the depths of the forest with only one branch; Moles drink river water as long as they are full. Please go home, the world is of no use to me! Although the cook does not cook, the priest should not overstep his authority and act as a cook. "
Shouwu asked Lian Shu for advice: "I listened to a conversation with Jieyu, which was full of big talk." Once you go on, you will never get back to the original topic. I was frightened by his words, as if the Milky Way in the sky has no boundaries, which is far from the words of ordinary people. It's really unreasonable. " Uncle Lian asked, "What is he talking about?" Shouwu relayed: "On the distant Gushe Mountain, there lived a man of God. His skin was as white as snow and his body was as soft as a virgin. He doesn't eat grains, drinks the breeze and nectar, and travels around the world by flying dragons in the clouds. His expression is so focused that everything in the world is disease-free and crops are abundant every year. " I think it's all false. It's not credible at all. Uncle Lian said, "Yes! For the blind, we can't enjoy patterns and colors with them. For the deaf, we can't listen to the music of bells and drums with them. Is it just that the bones are deaf and blind? There are also deaf and blind people in thought! This seems to mean that you should take my responsibility. The man of god, his virtue, is involved in everything to get the governance of the whole world, who will be busy taking the management of the world seriously! Nothing can hurt such a man from foreign objects, nor can he be drowned by a terrible flood. He doesn't feel hot when the drought on earth melts rocks and cracks mountains. The dust, chaff and other wastes he left behind can also create a virtuous and benevolent gentleman like Yao Shun. How can he take it as his duty to be busy managing everything? In the northern Song Dynasty, some people sold hats to the southern state of Yue. Vietnamese people have no hair and are covered in patterns, so there is no place to use hats. Yao governed the people of the world, stabilized the national political situation, and paid a visit to the four outstanding men in Gushe Mountain and north of Fenshui. He couldn't help feeling lost and forgetting his position in governing the world. "
Keiko said to Zhuangzi, "Wang Wei gave me the seed of a big gourd. After I plant it, the gourd is big enough to hold five stone heads. Use it to hold water, but it's too fragile to lift. Cut it open. It's too big and shallow to hold anything. I think it's not small, but it's useless. " Zhuangzi said, "You are really not good at using big objects. In the Song Dynasty, there was a man who was good at making drugs to prevent his hands from freezing and cracking. His family has been rinsing silk cotton for generations. A guest heard about it and asked for 100 gold to buy his prescription. The Song countryman called the whole family to discuss and said,' My family has been using this medicine for rinsing silk floss for generations, and the income a year is only a few ounces of gold; Now once you sell this prescription, you will get 100 gold immediately. Please promise me to sell it. The guest bought a prescription and went to lobby the king of Wu. At that time, it happened that the state of Yue invaded the State of Wu, and the king of Wu appointed him as a general. In winter, he fought a water war with the Vietnamese and was defeated, so the king of Wu ceded territory to seal Hou as a reward. It is also a prescription to prevent hand frost crack. Some people get paid for it, while others just use it to wash silk cotton. This is because the use method is different. Since you have a big gourd that can hold five stone heads, why not tie it to your body as a waist boat and float around the rivers and lakes? But you are worried that it is too big to hold, which shows that your heart is too shallow and narrow! "
Keiko said to Zhuangzi, "I have a big tree, which people call Ailanthus altissima;" There are many growths on its trunk, which are inconsistent with the ink, and the branches are irregular in bending. Growing on the roadside, carpenters don't even look at it. What you say now is too big, it's useless, and everyone doesn't believe it. "Zhuangzi said," Haven't you seen wild cats and weasels? Bend over there, waiting for the small animals that are scratching around; When it catches small animals, it jumps east and west, not avoiding competition; But as soon as I stepped into the trap of catching animals, I died in the net. Look at that yak, it is as big as a cloud in the sky; This is big enough, but it can't catch mice. Now that I have a big tree, it's useless to worry. Why not plant it in an empty place, on the Yuan Ye in vast expanse, wander around it at will, and lie under it with peace of mind; In this way, the tree will not be cut down by an axe, and nothing will hurt it. It's useless, where will there be any hard work? "
To annotate ...
Wander: to move freely without any restrictions. Free and unfettered, carefree and unrestrained.
Beiming: Beihai, named after the dark sea. Mystery, through "Hua", refers to the vast and deep sea. The following "Nanming" and "Minghai" all mean this.
Kun (kūn): This refers to fish eggs, which is borrowed as the name of big fish here. This is in line with the original intention of Zhuangzi's theory of everything and Zhuangzi's unique grotesque style of writing.
I don't know how many miles it is: I don't know how big it is. The original meaning of "several" is very small, and it is extended to "extremely close", which should be interpreted as "doing" here; Because the words expressing quantity in Zhuangzi all use "number", such as "number" and "golden number".
Peng: The ancient word "Feng" is borrowed here as the name of a big bird.
Anger: After "anger", fly.
Hanging into the sky: the horizon. Speaking of covering the sky. Vertical, through the "shovel", the edge.
Shipping: sea water movement, here refers to the turbulent waves. Migration: Migration.
Tianchi: a naturally formed pool.
Qi Xie: Strange Tales.
Zhi Guai: Telling strange stories. Record. Record.
Water hammer: the inversion of the word "water hammer" describes the spectacular scene of Dapeng's wings hitting the water when it takes off.
Thun: spiral upward. Rotation: whirlwind.
Go: Leave. Breath: Breath refers to the wind.
Wild horse: Clouds change like wild horses.
Dust: Dust in the air.
Blowing each other: due to blowing each other.
Pale color: dark blue.
Qi: Maybe. Positive color: true color.
Evil (yé): Tong "Ye", interrogative word.
It looks down: it looks down.
And husband: auxiliary words, meaningless, play the role of prompting the following.
Negative: bearing.
Answer: Yes. Aoting: A hole in the ground in front of the house.
Mustard: grass.
Setting: put. Yan: Meanwhile, here, here. Glue: verb, you can't move if you stick to the ground.
Its negative wings are powerless: there is no power to hold up Peng's huge wings.
Then the wind will come down: the wind is just below Dapeng (which means the wind is nine times as deep as Wan Li).
Then today: the inverted sentence of "Today and then". It is equivalent to "at this time ... and then". Peifeng: Take the wind. Pei, by.
Yao (yāo): Depressed. Terbium (è): blocking.
Tunan: Plotting to fly south.
Dior: Cicada. Turtledove: A small bird, such as a turtledove.
Jump: jump quickly. Sure, with "qi", swift and violent.
Catch: Hit, hit. A gun. Elm (fāng): refers to trees in general. Elm. Elm. Square, sandalwood.
Law of time: time or.
Control: descent and descent.
Xi(xρ) Yi: Why, where do you need it? One: Go. Wei: interrogative modal particles at the end of the sentence are equivalent to "you"
Comfortable: Go, go. Mang (MNG) Cang: A country with lush vegetation.
Three meals: refers to one day. Reverse: pass "return" and "return", the same below.
Jude: Still so. Sure enough: full.
Overnight, the first night. Shelling: Knock off the shell of the grain, which means to prepare the grain.
Harvest grain in March: Prepare grain for three months.
Refers to: demonstrative pronoun, this. Two kinds of insects: webbed fingers and pigeons learn. Insect, a general term for animals in ancient times, such as the big bug refers to the tiger, the old bug refers to the mouse, and the long bug refers to the snake. How do you know: How do you know?
Xiao Zhi (Zhi): Clever. Know and understand "wisdom", the same below. Great knowledge: great wisdom.
Off-year: short-lived. New Year: Longevity.
Chaojun: a short-lived fungal plant. Hui (Hu) said (Shu): the moon's surplus and deficit. Hey, the last day of every month. New moon, the first day of every month.
↓↓↓ Article 36 Spring and Autumn: A whole year.
Ghost spirit: the name of the big tree, the name of the big turtle.
Chūn: tree name.
Peng Zu: a legend who lived to be 800 years old. Nagin: Now, now. Length: long life.
Pi Zhi: Compare with him. Horse, than.
Sad: sad.
T: The founder of Shang Dynasty. Spine: a person's name. It is said that he is a doctor in Shang Tang. Yes: that's it. It means yes.
Poor hair: a place with poor vegetation. Hair plants.
Hugh: Long.
Horn: a whirlwind similar to antelope horn.
Absolute cloud gas: crossing the cloud gas. Absolutely, beyond.
Yan: A sparrow in a small pond.
Here: ancient unit of length. The Zhou Dynasty took eight feet as a section and the Han Dynasty took seven feet as a section.
Soaring between wormwood (hāo): Soaring between wormwood.
To: the ultimate.
Debate: Differentiate through "discrimination".
Efficacy: efficacy, here extended to ability.
Good: conduct yourself. Than: Unity.
And: transmitting "energy" and ability.
Its: refers to the above four kinds of people. Self-concept: Look at yourself.
This: refers to reprimanding cockroaches.
Song Zi Rong: a thinker in the middle of the Warring States Period. You Ran: The look of ridicule.
Elevator: All. Word of mouth: praise. Persuade: encourage and work hard.
Right and wrong: strange, strange. Home: Depression.
Internal: subjective. Foreigner: objective. sub:sub international。
Debate: Distinguish through "discrimination". Background: boundaries.
S: So, so. Already: just. Refers to the wisdom and virtue of Song Dynasty, that's all.
Shu (Shu): eager to pursue.
Although: even so. Although, even if.
Tree: Establish and make achievements.
Liezi: Zheng Guoren, a famous Yu Kou, was a thinker in the Warring States Period. Legend has it that you can walk against the wind. He is the author of Eight Liezi. Wen Duan used Liezi to fly in the wind, which shows that he has made a difference. Royal: Control.
Ling (líng) ran: subtle eyes. Good: Great.
There are (yü u) five days in ten days: fifteen days. Ten days, ten days. Yes, pass "again".
Blessing: blessing.
Make a difference: rely on something. Stay, lean on. Zhuangzi's "equality" and "inequality" are philosophical categories, which refer to whether things are conditional or not. Even if Liezi can fly in the wind, he still depends on other things.
Ruofu: As for. Multiply: Shun. The righteousness of heaven and earth: the nature of all things in heaven and earth. Positive and natural nature.
Six Qi: Yin, Yang, Wind, Rain, Yin and Ming. Debate: through "change", change. As opposed to "positive". "Righteousness" is the root and "argument" is the derivative.
Unlimited travel: travel in the field of absolute freedom. Infinite, absolutely free field.
Evil (wū) is almost waiting for you: what's the use? Ah, what's the matter Rhetorical sentence patterns reinforce the meaning of "doing nothing".
Supreme: the ultimate, the highest in Zhuangzi's mind. There are different names for people, gods and saints. Non-ego: it means that people get rid of self-bigotry, sublate the ego, get rid of the id bound by fame and fortune, pursue the realm of absolute freedom, and understand and forget things.
Reactive power: follow the road, do not show fame.
Unknown: not seeking fame. "To others without oneself" is the highest personality realm that Zhuangzi realized; "God and man are useless" is the expression of Zhuangzi's anarchist political view; "The sage is unknown" is Zhuangzi's life pursuit of sublating fame and getting rid of the bondage of foreign things.
Yao: The legendary emperor. Xu You: A Hermit in the Ancient Yao Dynasty. This man can also be found in Xu Wugui and Foreign Bodies, which all describe Xu You's refusal to take office.
Torch, torch.
Immersion irrigation: osmotic irrigation.
Host: It refers to Xu You, sir. Governance: Taiping.
Corpse: Responsible, presiding.
Absence: lack of ability.
To: Here, here.
Ice: Derived organisms.
Wren: A kind of bird.
Squirrel: Mole, good at making holes.
Return to Hugh: the inversion of "return to Hugh", monarch, you'd better go back.
The world is useless to me: the world is useless to me. As a modal particle.
Páo: Chef. Dong, cooking and things like that.
Corpse wish: the master of ceremonies in charge of sacrifice in ancient temples. Zun (zūn): wine vessel. Z incarnation: a vessel for holding meat.
Shouwuhe: Both are fictional pottery written by Zhuangzi. There are many such characters in Zhuangzi. Even if there are real people in history, there are Taoist accents and styles, even Confucius is no exception.
Jieyu (yú): A hermit of Chu State, surnamed Lu, a famous boy, with the word Jieyu, contemporary with Confucius. Here, Zhuangzi has the meaning of self-metaphor.
Too big to fit: too big to fit. Unreasonable and unrealistic.
Go ahead and never look back: go ahead and never look back.
Panic: panic.
Hehan: The Milky Way in the sky. Pole: edge.
Very different: the metaphor is very different. The path outside the door. Courtyard. courtyard.
Michelle Obama: It's a long way. Ancient Society: the legendary name of fairy mountain.
Cua(Chua)about:naà, pass "Chua". Feminine posture. Virgo: Virgo.
Cohesion and specificity.
Defects (cι) and (lτ): refer to diseases and disasters. Niangu: refers to crops.
Madness: It's a lie to borrow "Kuang".
G incarnation: blind. Article: Texture color. Text, passing "mode". Texture and color are meaningless to the blind. View: scene.
Wei Wei: Only? Skull: shape.
Time: by "yes", this. Woman: Pass "you", you.
One: Like this.
Unity of all things: the unity of heaven and earth. Bo beside me, confused, all-encompassing. Next, pass the pound.
The world is chaotic: the world is eager to be disturbed. Pray, pray for chaos, riots and conflicts.
Who is it? He refers to the man of god. Pros and cons: the way you think hard.
Immersion: flood, flood. Ji: Here we are, here we are. Drowning: Drowning.
Dirt (gü u) and chaff (bǐ): Dust, dirt, chaff and chaff skin refer to dregs. Tao Zhu: At first, it means firing pottery and casting metal. Here, it means farming.
Things: things refer to secular affairs.
Zi Zhangfu: Selling clothes and hats. Capital, buying and selling. Chapter, crown and hat. Fu, clothes. Shi: Go to Yue State. Suit, go.
Broken hair: haircut. Tattoos: Tattoos on the body.
Fourth son: The old notes refer to Wang You, Ugly Que, Yi Bei and Xu You, who are actually fictional characters.
Fenshuiyang: north of Fenhe River. The ancients took Shannan as Yang and Shanbei as Yin.
Y (yo) suddenly lost his world: he forgot the world in disappointment. A lost look.
Keiko: Hui Shi, a friend of Zhuangzi, was an outstanding representative in the pre-Qin period.
Wang Wei: Wei Huiwang. Because Wei had made its capital a girder, Wei was also called a girder, so it was the girder in Mencius. Yi: Here you are. Seeds: the seeds of zucchini. Great, gourd.
Trees: cultivation.
Reality: accommodation. Stone (dàn): namely "granular stone", an ancient unit of weight, equivalent to 120 Jin.
Autumn: flat and shallow. Unbearable: something that cannot be tolerated.
Yi (xiāo) ran: empty.
Pǒu: break, smash.
For: get ready. Tortoise-free hand medicine: a medicine to prevent frostbite. Turtles have "scrofula" and frozen skin, the same below.
Ping: Rinse. Kuàng: silk floss used for filling clothes.
Gather: gather people from the same tribe.
Technology: selling and transferring technology.
Say (shuì): Lobbying.
The more difficult it is: the State of Yue invaded the State of Wu. Difficult, launch military action.
Will: Lead the army.
Divide land: Set aside a piece of land. Seal: reward.
Tortoise hand: refers to the skin cracking of hands and feet due to cold.
Why not: Why not? Bottle: waist boat. Can be tied to the waist and float on the water.
Peng Xin: that is, Peng Xin is blocked, metaphorically unreasonable and superficial. Peng, a kind of grass whose stems and leaves are not straight.
Chū: A poor tree.
Big Ben: the backbone. Swelling: Incorrect fat. Give a hug and pass it to the wife. China people: Line up. Rope ink: a tool used by carpenters to draw straight lines.
Ruler: A tool used by carpenters to draw circles and squares.
Way: On the road.
Beaver: Wildcats. Shēng: Weasel.
Ao: through roaming, roaming.
Jumping beam: jumping and prancing. The beam, through her, jumps.
China people: Step on it and touch it. Machine: crossbow trap, a tool for hunting animals.
W m 4 ng (W M 4 ng): Pass the "net" and get stuck in it. G incarnation: the floorboard of the network.
Lí yellow cattle: yak.
Grab: grab.
Nowhere: A vast and uninhabited place. Nothing, nothing.
Guangmo: Vast. Mo, preach "The Desert". Wilderness: Wilderness.
Like (páng) wandering (huáng): carefree and complacent. Inaction: casual and carefree.
Yao: Cut off. Kim: Axe.
Creation background
Zhuangzi was brilliant, intelligent and diligent, and "learned everything". He is not born useless. However, "today, the world is also confused. Although I have a prayer, I can't get it. " On the one hand, the corrupt society that "those who steal hooks will be punished and those who steal countries will be punished" makes him disdain to associate with them; On the other hand, the reality of "princes can't do it" makes him unable to show his ambition. Since the world is so filthy and he can't talk to Zhuang, his soul seeking freedom has to soar in the fantasy world and seek liberation in the realm of absolute freedom. It is in this situation that he wrote the song "Happy Travel", which is the pursuit of suppressing the soul.
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Happy Travel is the first article in Zhuangzi, which represents Zhuangzi's philosophy. "Wandering freely" is Zhuangzi's ideal of life and the core content of Zhuangzi's life theory. "Endless travel" means "endless travel without waiting", which is independent of worldly things, integrated with naturalization and free to travel in the world without any constraints. "Free and unfettered", in Zhuangzi, refers to the greatest spiritual freedom that people reach beyond the limitations of secular concepts and their values. "Swimming" does not mean physical swimming, but more importantly, spiritual swimming. After the physical bondage is lifted, you can naturally travel around the world. Wandering is the spiritual realm of independence and absolute freedom above everything else. In Zhuangzi's view, the best way to achieve this state is to "stay in the heart" and "sit and forget", both of which embody a kind of spiritual freedom, a kind of spiritual freedom of harmony between man and nature.
Brief introduction of the author
Zhuangzi (about 369 BC-about 286 BC), surnamed Zhuang and Zhou, was a Mongolian in the Song Dynasty during the Warring States Period. In the mid-Warring States period, the representative of Taoist school, thinker, philosopher and writer, the founder of Zhuangzi, also known as "Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi". The earliest thought of "sage inside and king outside" had a far-reaching influence on Confucianism. He deeply understood Zhouyi and pointed out that "the Book of Changes takes the way of Yin and Yang", and his thought of "three tones" is consistent with the way of three talents in Zhouyi. His imagination is extremely rich, his language is freely used and flexible, and he can make subtle and unspeakable philosophy fascinating. The representative work is Zhuangzi, among which the famous articles are Free Travel, On Wuqi, Master of Health Care, etc. His works are called "the philosophy of literature, the literature of philosophy". It is said that Zhuangzi tried to live in seclusion in Nanhua Mountain and was buried in Nanhua Mountain. Therefore, at the beginning of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was named a South China True Man, and his book Zhuangzi was regarded as the South China True Classic.