The same is true of Zhao's records in the official history. Hanshu only appears repeatedly in Ji of Emperor Cheng, Biography of Xing and Biography of consorts, appearing in the image of "telling Queen Xu" and "Thieves in the harem harm the prince", and the rest are nothing. However, Zhao is a very interesting historical figure. Although her records in the official history are thin, she appears in a series of unofficial history represented by Zhao Chuan with extremely full images. The legend about Zhao is widely circulated among the people, and it has been talked about by the street since ancient times. Basically, Zhao's image has become a foregone conclusion, so the following is not to deliberately do something unconventional for Zhao Zhengming. What we have to do is to sort out Zhao Yanfei in the official history and unofficial history, and point out several thought-provoking questions, that's all. Let's take these preconceived ideas into the world of true and false Zhao.
Be of humble birth
Zhao's humble birth has been recorded in the official history. There is a saying in "Biography of Han Shu": "Zhao Yanfei was lucky and wanted to establish it, thinking that it was a little difficult for the queen and the queen mother to do what she did." Among the people, the description of Zhao's birth is vivid. See Zhao Biezhuan:
Zhao Hou Feiyan, father Feng. Zu Dali, a musical instrument worker, works for Xie Lushe, the king of Jiangdu. Wan Jin refused to carry on the family line, and made up a series of songs about the death of music, leaving behind complicated wails. The number of self-proclaimed pleasures made the listeners excited. Master Gusu, Jiangdu's granddaughter, married Jiangdu's captain Zhao Man. People are lucky, but they do not have enough to eat. Everything points to Zhao Zhu, but God is pregnant. Men are jealous, have private diseases for a long time, and don't approach women. The Lord took care of his illness and lived in the palace, and gave birth to two women and returned to Wanjin. One dragon said it was suitable to be the master, and the other two said it was virtuous, but they all took the surname Zhao. It is appropriate to be enlightened when you are young. There are books on Peng Zu's pulse at home, and he is good at promoting qi. Slender, light and elegant, people call them swallows. Hyde cream is slippery, but it won't get wet after a bath. Speak kindly and listen slowly. Both of them are born. Later, he died, the Feng family died, and his sister Di moved to Chang 'an, and was honored as Zhao Gongzi.
The origin of Zhao in the legend of Zhao is exaggerated. In another case, Zhao's mother had a secret affair with her roommate, Feng, and gave birth to two daughters, leaving them in the suburbs. They didn't die for several days, thinking they were fated, so they were brought back to raise them.
In ancient China, people always liked to say that strange people must have visions. This is another example.
"Hanshu" said: "The emperor travels lightly, often sharing Fuping Houjia crossing the river with Fuping, and fortunately seeing the dancer Zhao." The official history is short, but the folk stories are much fuller.
After the two sisters Yan Fei moved to Chang 'an, they worked in the hutong with Yang Aqiang's master Zhao Lin, and then worked as kabuki at home. What is Zhao's charm? There is an amazing description in "Zhao Chuan": "Zhao's back bone is very slender and he is good at walking. If people tremble with flowers in their hands, others can't learn. " In addition, there is a picture of Zhao's palm dancing in Yan's novel "Interesting Things in Zhaoyang" in the Ming Dynasty. In the picture, Zhao stands on the hand of an official, making all kinds of dance movements, waving his sleeves and dancing like a flying swallow. There were hundreds of beautiful paintings by painters in Ming Dynasty, which painted Zhao's dance. Zhao dressed up and danced on a small square carpet. Her arms are flat. Easy people (3)? Did you stir up the curtain? Every class (3) is the opposite? What happened? What happened? Hey? What is a sharp rhyme? What is a sharp rhyme?
In ancient times, there was a saying that "Huan is fat and Yan is thin", in which "Huan" refers to Zhao, the protagonist of this article. From the descriptions of the above classic pictures, we can easily read Zhao's figure and charm. Du Muyou, a famous poet in Tang Dynasty, wrote a poem "Farewell":
Down and out, rivers and lakes carry restaurants, and Chu has a thin waist and a light palm.
Yangzhou's ten years, like a dream, wake up, but in the brothel women this is a fickle reputation.
Du Mu's sad and depressed humorous poem tells us two allusions: "The King of Chu has a thin waist" and "Zhao is light and can dance on his palm". Indeed, "palm dancing" is a skill that has to be mentioned when it comes to Zhao Yanfei. For details, see "Zhao Zhangwu" mentioned above. Is that really the case? According to legend, Zhao performed songs and dances "Return to the Wind" and "Farewell" on the high shelf of Taiye Pool in Han Palace, accompanied by music official Feng, and blowing sheng. While singing and dancing, the wind suddenly blew, and Zhao danced his sleeves heartily. The emperor was worried that it would be blown away by the wind, so he ordered Feng to stop him. Feng in the feeling be nasty under, a pull Zhao skirts, only heard a "squeak", as thin as cicada's skirt has been torn off a piece. Zhao Yanfei took the opportunity to say to Emperor Han Chengdi, "If you hadn't ordered someone to hold me, I wouldn't have become a fairy!" Since then, all the beauties in the palace have left a gap in the back of the skirt as fashion and named it "fairy skirt". Later, Emperor Cheng ordered people to build the "Qibao Pavilion", carved a large crystal plate, and ordered the court to lift the plate so that Yan Fei could dance on it. The saying that "he can dance the palm" may have something to do with this story. The so-called "palm dance" may actually be performed by two people (or several people), which is similar to the lifting technique in acrobatics, martial arts or ballet in China, instead of really saying that people can dance on the palm of their hands. Scott is as light as a swallow. In addition to the above statement, the legendary Zhao has another statement: "(Zhao) wears a cloud skirt in the Nanyue Palace, and it is light ... One day, the palace is lucky, or the skirt is crepe, nicknamed Liu Xian skirt." But in any case, Zhao's "fairy women's dress" really led the fashion trend in Han Dynasty.
Anyway, after the founding of Emperor Gaozu, the Han Dynasty experienced four emperors: Hui, Wen, Jing and Wu, which was quite like a prosperous time. However, from the beginning of Emperor Zhao's reign when Huo Guang was in power to the beginning, the consorts of the Wang clique began to monopolize the power of Chaogang, which made the young emperor Han Chengdi lose power after he succeeded to the throne. Liu Ao is the eldest son of Emperor Han Yuan. When he first became a prince, he was very popular with Yuan Di because of his "good classics, extensive knowledge and prudence". Later, although Yuan Di found that he was not the ideal heir to the throne, due to various factors, Yuan Di's idea of replacing the Crown Prince failed to come true. In the first year of Jingning, in 33 BC, Liu Ao succeeded to the throne and became Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. To be fair, Emperor Han Chengdi is not without its merits. He once dismissed Shi Xian, a courtier, and eunuch Zhong Shu. The imperial edict encourages people to remonstrate, rewards filial piety, reduces taxes and helps sinners. But on the whole, Emperor Cheng was not an emperor who made great efforts to govern the country. Under the dictatorship of Wang Mang's consorts group, he was happy to be at leisure, so he went to the inner court of the deep palace to drink every day. In Chang 'an, songs were also chosen every night, which made the corruption in the Han Dynasty more serious.
Emperor Han Chengdi once traveled incognito and came to Yang Afei's house. The princess called a geisha to help her become an emperor. As mentioned above, Zhao's excellent appearance, beautiful appearance, light figure and outstanding dancing skills are the basic conditions for her to win the championship. The emperor immediately fell in love with Zhao's debauchery. Under the sigh of "Who expected Hou Fu's romantic life to be more royal", Zhao naturally entered the palace.
Because of Zhao's tenderness and good at pandering, Emperor Han Cheng wrote down the imperial edict in his own hand shortly after Zhao entered the palace, and named Zhao to relieve depression. He also ordered a magnificent and unusual Biegong to be restored, named "Yuan Tiao Pavilion", and let Zhao live there. There are countless pearl jewelry, which shows that Emperor Cheng loves Zhao very much.
However, the palace has its own etiquette, and Zhao's road to the queen is not smooth. Although Zhao is good at singing and dancing, his melody is smooth, and his poems and songs are all good, he is enchanting and charming. However, due to her humble background, when Emperor Hancheng named her as his mother-in-law, the harem kept talking about it, and they all thought that Zhao was just a stunner who was used to bewitch and was hard to be generous. At this time, Ye Zhao restrained his breath, blindly and cautiously, respectfully gave the queen a maid-in-waiting ceremony, which eliminated the queen's wariness and treated her like a sister; He also deliberately made a good relationship with the palace makeup and gradually relaxed the hostility of the harem beauty to her. Being favored by the emperor, but also being wronged for perfection, these are of course superficial efforts. Zhao doesn't want to take his place, he has a plan of "winning after" in his heart. After Zhao Yanfei entered the palace for half a year, her sister Zhao Hede was also introduced to the palace by her, and was favored by Emperor Han Chengdi. The two sisters took turns trying to entertain the party, so gradually, "3 thousand pets were gathered in two bodies." There is a song "Zhao, Empress Han Chengdi" in "Han Gong Qu" as evidence:
Jade frost flows in front of the water curtain, and Zhao Jiafei waits on Zhaoyang.
Dancing in the palm of your hand, the sound of the flute is absolutely unique, and the autumn night in the thirty-six houses is long.
Queen Xu and Ban Jieyu, the talented woman favored by Emperor Han Chengdi, are two characters that have to be mentioned on the way to "seize the position" in Zhao. So here might as well swing a pen and briefly introduce Hou Xu and Ban Jieyu.
Who is Queen Xu? She is the daughter of Ping En Hou, the riding general of Fu, and was elected as his wife when he became a prince. Hou Xu is beautiful, smart and good at writing articles and calligraphy. After she entered the palace for a period of time, she spoiled the crown harem. This also made Xu Jiaquan, his father, prosper, and made Fu General Yang Ping and Hou Wangfeng, who also participated in the auxiliary government, deeply uneasy. Legend has it that Queen Xu was unwilling because she was jealous of Zhao's sister's love, and her sister complained for her sister, so she secretly prayed for Zhao's early death with a witch wish to bless Queen Xu to regain her love. Sister Zhao has long wanted to destroy their office without any excuse. When they learned the news, they immediately reported Queen Xu on the charge of "cursing the harem and the emperor". So in the winter of 18 BC, in 12 BC, after the emperor abolished Xu, he put her to death and sent Queen Xu back to her hometown.
Ban Jieyu was a famous talented woman in ancient times, whose virtue and talent were praised by later scholars. There is such a story: once, Emperor Han Chengdi swam in the backyard and wanted Ban Jieyu to ride with him, but Ban Jieyu sternly refused. She said: "Looking at ancient paintings, sages and sages are all famous ministers. After three generations, the Lord had a daughter. Now that you want the same, is there no similarity? " Stop saying what you said. When the Queen Mother heard about it, she was very happy to praise it and said, "There was Fan Ji in ancient times, but now there is Ban Jieyu." Wang compared it with Chu's, because Chu likes hunting and has politics, and won a good reputation for dissuading him from eating animal meat. It can also be seen that Ban Jieyu was deeply loved by the Queen Mother at that time. He recited poems, my gentleness, my virtue and my female teacher. Every time I read them, I follow the ancient etiquette, advance and retreat properly, and are brilliant. Therefore, after Ban Jieyu entered the palace, he was deeply loved by Emperor Han Cheng, and once gave birth to a son, but unfortunately he died. Later, Ban Jieyu was implicated because of the Hou Xu incident. When interrogating her, she calmly responded: "I heard that' life and death are life, and wealth is in the sky'. The correction has not yet been blessed, and what is the evil desire? Let ghosts and gods know and not be prosecuted by disobedient officials; If he is ignorant, what good is it to sue? So don't do it. " After a few words, Ban Jieyu touched all the people with his supercilious words, and Emperor Han offered a hundred Jin of gold. Although Ban Jieyu was not abolished in the court struggle like Empress Xu, she also received attention. After this struggle, he retired and went to Changxin Palace to serve the Queen Mother. "History of Han consorts" said: "Sister Zhao is arrogant and jealous, fearing long-term suffering. She asked * * * to raise the queen mother and trust the palace. "Jieyu retired to the Eastern Palace to mourn his self-injury, leaving a poem" Elegy "for later generations to mourn his sadness:
Newly cracked flowers are as bright as frost and snow.
Cut into acacia fans, round like the bright moon.
In and out of your arms, shaking the breeze.
I am often afraid that the autumn festival will come and the cold will seize the heat.
If you give up your donation, your kindness will be lost.
Anyway, after Empress Xu was abolished, Emperor Cheng was bent on making Zhao Queen, but the Empress Dowager refused to approve her because of her humble background. I'm so anxious that I don't even have the heart to eat tea and rice. It's very sad. At this time, Chun Yuchang, the son of Empress Dowager Cixi's sister, was working as a waiter. He tried his best to intercede for the emperor in front of the empress dowager, and finally got the approval of the empress dowager. In April of the first year of eternity (BC 16), Emperor Cheng first named Zhao's father as Chengyang Hou, which changed his humble status. In June, Zhao was made queen, and Chun Yuchang was also named Dingling Hou. Zhao Hede was named Zhao Yi-this was the result of the struggle of the Zhao court. There is a saying in the Han dynasty: "Yan Yan's tail drools, Zhang Gongzi, when we meet each other late." Kimura Lang Lang, swallows come, peck at the grandson, the grandson dies, and swallows peck at the arrow. "That's Zhao" Yan Yan's "tail saliva" refers to her beauty, and "Jian Mu Canglang" implies that she will become a queen, which is another expression of her vision.
The above complicated court struggle process is the deduction of several concise sentences in the official history. There is a saying in Hanshu: "In the third year of Hongjia, Zhao called Queen Xu and Ban Jieyu to curse the harem, humiliating the Lord and abolishing Queen Xu. ..... Zhao is the queen and his sister is. "
Zhao became a queen, but the emperor's favor gradually declined, while his sister Zhao Hede was spoiled by the emperor and lived in Zhaoyang Palace. Its palace is not "resplendent" and can be described in four words: "The atrium is scarlet, and the hall is painted. Everything is covered with copper and gold. White jade stage, the wall band is often golden red, and the letter Lantian is decorated with pearls and jade feathers. Not since the harem. " However, neither of them has children. In ancient times, the idea of "mother depends on child" was very serious, especially in the harem where concubines were in groups, so having children became an important condition to consolidate and improve their status. To this end, the two took risks and had sex with other men in order to give birth to a child in the name of becoming emperor. In particular, Zhao fell out of favor in the later period and became the object of unofficial history. The relationship with dozens of people such as Feng, Qing Anshi and Yan Chifeng has also become the focus of eroticism in later generations. In the spring of two years, that is, in 7 BC, Emperor Cheng died of sudden illness. Because Emperor Cheng has always been physically strong, at the age of 45, people blame Zhao for his connivance. Empress Dowager Cixi ordered mang and other officials to investigate the cause of death of Emperor Cheng, and Zhao Hede finally committed suicide to apologize.
After the death of Emperor Cheng, Zhao was helpless. Although Aidi still addressed her as the Empress Dowager, she began to be attacked. A few months after Eddie ascended the throne, a captain from Li Si wrote to the emperor, accusing Zhao sisters of murdering his two biological sons. The newspaper tells the story of Xu.
Xu lives in Zhuomuge in Shanglin. The emperor called her to the decoration room several times, making her lucky several times a year, sometimes staying for months or half a year. In the second year of Yan Yuan (1 1 years ago), Meiren became pregnant and gave birth to a son in that year 1 1 month. The emperor ordered Yan Jing to take a pediatrician and five kinds of pills to the beauty's residence. Later, Yu Kezi, Wang Pian and Zang listened to Zhao Yi and said to Emperor Cheng, "You often told me that you came back from the Han Palace. How was Xu's son born if you came back from Han Palace? Will Xu Shi still be made a queen? " After that, she hit herself with her hand, hit the post with her head, rolled from the bed to the ground, cried and refused to eat, and said, "How do you arrange me today? I want to go home! " Emperor Cheng also said angrily, "It's outrageous to say something to you on purpose today, and you get angry!" Emperor Cheng also stopped eating. When Zhao Yi saw this, he had to say, "Your Majesty knew this. Why don't you eat? Your Majesty swore that he would never let me down. Today, Xu gave birth to a son. You broke your promise. Why? " Emperor Cheng said, "Because I have an appointment with you, Xu Shi won't stand. I will never let women in the world surpass Zhao, so you don't have to worry. " Then, Emperor Cheng sent a green bag letter to Xu and said, "Beauty wants to give you something. You can accept it and put it in the renovated room. " Xu Renmei put her son in a box made of reeds, sealed the box and gave it to Jin Yan together with the letter in the green bag. According to Emperor Cheng's instructions, he put the boxes and letters in the decoration room and left. Emperor Cheng and Zhao Yi sat down and ordered the guests to open the box. Before unpacking the box, Emperor Cheng ordered Kezi, Wang Yong and Zang to go out and shut the door himself, leaving only one person indoors. After a while, he opened the door and ordered three guests to seal the box and put it on the east side of the screen with the green bag. Wu Gong was ordered to give the treasure box and the green capsule to Wu Ji, and sealed it with the seal of Shi Yu Zhong Cheng. He said to Wu Ji, "I tell you, there is a dead child in the box. You have to bury it in a hidden place and don't let others know. " Wu Ji dug a small pit near the prison wall and buried the children.
After telling this story, Xie Guang took the case of the Han Yuan Emperor's handling of Mrs. Fu in Changling as an example, and concluded with The Spring and Autumn Annals, saying: "Zhao is a big transgression, and his crime ratio is even heavier. Its relatives are prominent and close to the court, which is chilling. This can't punish evil and promote good to demonstrate to the world. Please be poor, and the Prime Minister will discuss the right law below. "
So he ordered a group of relatives of Zhao to be removed from the title and demoted to Liaoxi County. Negotiator Lang Gengyu Shangshu was skeptical about the above-mentioned case played by Xie Guang, and vindicated Zhao. Because Emperor Ai of the Han Dynasty succeeded to the throne because of Zhao's kindness to Empress Fu, Zhao still kept the position of the Empress Dowager, but Wang's pulse was full of resentment.
In June of the second year of Yuanshou (1), Aidi died. Wang Mang took the Queen Mother hostage and wrote to abolish Zhao Wei. Zhao committed suicide that day.
The above is a detailed account of the murder of the prince by Zhao sisters in the official history, but as Professor Meng pointed out, Zhao is not worthy of sympathy, but history cannot be fictional: first of all, although there are more than ten witnesses listed in this case, no physical evidence can be produced. After Xu Mei's son died, he was buried under the wall of the prison building. After the incident, the bones should be dug up as evidence, but he did nothing. Without physical evidence, the reliability of these witnesses' testimony is doubtful.
Secondly, feudal emperors hoped to have children and inherit the throne. Emperor knows that both Xu and Cao have children, and he knows the inside story. How can he kill his parents and children under the hostage of Zhao? Xu's name is true, and it is natural for her to have a son with Cheng Di.
In the end, Emperor Cheng lived to be 45 years old and had many concubines, but none of them had children, which showed that he could not have children. Otherwise, no matter how Zhao sisters dominate the world, they can't let the emperor be childless.
Then why are you so guilty about Zhao's family? Professor Meng explained that the Zhao sisters came from humble origins and their development depended on the ignorance of Emperor Han Chengdi. When Emperor Cheng was alive, although he gave their in-laws a reward, he did not give them any substantive power, and they could not form an intricate power network, which was really a far cry from Wang's consorts group. The arrogance of Zhao sisters in those days depended on the supremacy of the emperor. As soon as Emperor Cheng died, they immediately fell into an isolated predicament. Especially because when they became emperors, they didn't know how to be human, made too many enemies and had too many grievances with other consorts and concubines. As soon as the emperor died, the old enemies came out together to pour dirty water on Zhao sisters. Some take the opportunity to hit people when they are down, so that they can't argue. In fact, for them, the right to defend themselves has been deprived. As a general of Fu, after he proclaimed himself emperor, Wang Mang corrected a group of court officials who forced Zhao Hede to commit suicide in the name of "treating the emperor's daily diseases". After the death of Ai Di, the Queen Mother forced Zhao to follow in his footsteps and solved the crime. A few months after Xie Guang mourned the death of Emperor Zhao as the Empress Dowager and named his younger brother as the new Hou, the so-called second prince was killed. At this time, Zhao's position has stabilized. Without the support of follwed, as a captain, I'm afraid Xie Guang would not dare to attack the Zhao family against the will of Emperor Ai. However, Wang Mang sent Xie Guang to fabricate this fake case just to create an excuse to get rid of the poor rights of Zhao Zaichao's relatives.
But anyway, as Xin Qiji sang in Fishing-
You don't dance, you don't watch, Yuhuan Yan Fei is dusty.
At this point, Zhao's story has come to an end. Zhang Wentao wrote the poem "Beauty" in Qing Dynasty, saying: The beauty is innocent, and the drowning person dies. Why does Buddha hate beauty when catching flowers and birds? References:
From/article/ds/rw/cqgs/yscs/117226.html.