Before the launch, let's take a quick look at these "tall" scientific tasks through a group of popular science posters.
The Space Application Engineering Technology Center of Chinese Academy of Sciences undertakes the overall technical support and guarantee of application task planning, engineering organization and management, system design, integration, testing, payload operation control, and scientific and applied data services.
In addition to ensuring the smooth operation of many systems such as "Tiangong-2" science and application load, the experimental load developed by many units of the Chinese Academy of Sciences will show its talents in the space laboratory. Some of them are exploring the deepest mysteries of the universe, some are helping people better understand the earth, ocean and atmosphere, and some are solving the food problem in future interstellar travel. Let's walk into this space laboratory 400 kilometers overhead and find out!
The "space cold atomic clock" developed by Shanghai Institute of Optics and Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences will be launched with Tiangong-2, which will become the first "space cold atomic clock" in orbit and carry out scientific experiments in the world, and it is also the atomic clock with the highest accuracy running in space at present.
The "space cold atomic clock" combines the laser cooling technology with the microgravity environment in space, which is expected to achieve the ultra-high accuracy of 10- 16 (about 30 million years error 1 sec), and improve the current time measurement accuracy of human beings in space by 1~2 orders of magnitude.
The stability of thermocapillary convection of prandtl number liquid bridge is studied, and the instability mechanism of thermocapillary convection in space microgravity environment is studied, which expands the cognitive field of fluid mechanics and obtains international advanced research results. Break through and master the key technologies of space experiment such as liquid bridge construction, liquid level maintenance and unstable construction in microgravity environment, and further improve the space experiment ability and technical level of microgravity fluid science in China.
The task of the platform is to study the preparation principles of semiconductor photoelectric materials, metal alloys and metastable materials, nano-materials and composite materials, and reveal the laws of physical and chemical processes of materials that are difficult to know in the ground gravity environment. It is expected to obtain high-quality space material samples and valuable scientific research results in structure, function and process parameters as model materials.
The furnace about to go to heaven is a set of comprehensive material experimental device (referred to as "experimental device") specially developed by engineers after more than three years of research.
The experimental device consists of three stand-alone machines: material experimental furnace, material electric control box and material sample tool bag. The whole device * * * weighs about 27.6kg, and its maximum power consumption is less than 200W (compared with the power of ordinary electric kettle, 1000 ~ 1800 W), which is equivalent to two incandescent lamps 100W, but it can reach the highest furnace temperature of 950℃ in vacuum environment. Isn't it amazing?
"Tiangong-2" three-dimensional imaging microwave altimeter is the first microwave altimeter in the world that can measure the sea level in a large range and perform three-dimensional imaging. It adopts small-angle and high-precision interferometry technology, which can accurately obtain the interference fringe information of the sea surface, and then obtain the three-dimensional sea surface shape, and finally obtain the sea level height measurement in a large range through complex calibration.
The companion of Tiangong-2 is a micro-nano satellite, which is part of the experimental mission of Tiangong-2. Accompanying satellite is developed by Shanghai Microsatellite Engineering Center, and is designed with miniaturization, light weight and high functional density. "Tiangong-2" is accompanied by a satellite carrying many test loads, which has strong orbital transfer ability, flexibility and maneuverability and can perform space missions.
During the mission of Tiangong-2 accompanying the satellite in orbit, experiments such as flying over the space assembly will be carried out to support the technical test of the main spacecraft and expand the application of space technology.
The astronomical telescope is a gamma-ray polarization detector installed in Tiangong-2 Space Laboratory, which is an international cooperation project between China and Europe.
The main scientific goal of "Celestial Pole" telescope is to detect and study the sudden occurrence of gamma-ray bursts in the distant universe, and to measure the polarization properties of gamma-ray bursts with high precision and systematically for the first time in the world, so as to deeply study the physical mechanism of star evolution, black hole formation and gamma-ray bursts, and make important contributions to better understanding the most violent bursts in the universe under extreme astrophysical environment.
The space environment subsystem (full name: space environment monitoring and physical detection subsystem) is mainly used to monitor the radiation environment and atmospheric environment of Tiangong-2 in orbit in real time, monitor the intensity and energy spectrum of charged particles such as electrons and protons in the direction outside the cabin 16, and monitor the density and composition of the on-orbit atmosphere, its temporal and spatial changes and the pollution effect of the space environment.
With the development of human space activities, human beings need to fly out of the earth and live and work in extraterrestrial space for a long time. Green plants can provide necessary food and oxygen for humans and animals.
In the "Tiangong-2" space laboratory, two representative plants, Arabidopsis thaliana and rice, will be cultivated, and the technologies and methods for controlling the flowering and fruiting of plants in the space environment will be emphatically studied, so as to lay the foundation for establishing a life ecological support system necessary for ensuring the long-term survival of human beings in space. The advanced plant incubator provided by Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences has an on-orbit culture unit and a sample return unit, which can provide necessary water supply, illumination and temperature control for plant growth, and has the function of obtaining real-time visible light images and fluorescent images, thus forming a modern mini-space greenhouse and providing support for studying plant growth and development in space.
As the cutting-edge "digital camera" of space laboratory, broadband imaging spectrometer has profound "internal force". The camera is installed in the abdomen of the earth observation surface of the space laboratory. With it, Tiangong-2 can be said to have the ability of "discerning eyes", seeing the ocean and atmosphere, and being proficient in everything.
The space terminal of quantum key distribution test, the payload of Tiangong-2, was developed. Through the cooperation of high-precision automatic tracking and aiming (ATP) system and quantum key distribution ground terminal, a quantum channel is established between the ground station and the target aircraft, and an air-ground quantum key distribution experiment is carried out on this basis.
The goal is to realize the world's first demonstration experiment of air-ground quantum key distribution based on manned space platform. It lays a foundation for the quantum secure communication between manned space flight and the ground and the construction of a practical wide-area quantum secure communication network integrating heaven and earth in the future.
How to "play" the above difficult load tasks well and ensure their orderly and safe operation? I have to mention the general manager of our space experiment, "Space application heaven and earth support system". Planning, centralized management and unified control are carried out by the payload operation control center. After receiving the ground instructions, the space-based payload network dispatches the payloads to run in an orderly manner, forming an information loop platform integrating heaven and earth.
In view of the experimental requirements and characteristics of real-time interaction and fine control between heaven and earth in the thermal capillary convection experiment of "Tiangong-2" liquid bridge, the Space Application Center developed the first immersive tele-science experiment support system based on virtual reality technology and high-speed bus network in China, which greatly improved the efficiency of scientists in conducting space science experiments.
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