1. vitamin c: inhibit melanin and promote collagen formation.
2. Arbutin: It inhibits the activity of compound amino acid enzyme and reduces the production of melanin, which is a typical inhibitory whitening ingredient.
3. Nicotinamide: It can inhibit melanin, whiten skin and has stable properties.
4. kojic acid: in the comparative experiment, it is found that its effect is the most obvious among the existing whitening ingredients. Generally, kojic acid is extracted from filamentous fungi such as Penicillium and Aspergillus. This fungus is a toxic cell, so it has not been fully popularized in the market. The performance is not stable enough and the safety factor is not high.
5. Fruit acid: After removing the hyperkeratinized cuticle, it stimulates the growth of new cells, and at the same time helps to remove facial fine lines and dilute epidermal pigments, making the skin softer, whiter, smoother and more elastic.
Second, the contrast between vitamin C and nicotinamide has its own merits. The summary is as follows:
1. Vitamin C: Fade melanin and whiten tanned face. It can also slow down skin aging, resist free radicals and keep skin clean and transparent for a long time. Although VC products are good, don't pursue high concentration excessively, especially in the early stage of use, so as to establish tolerance.
Advantages: High safety factor.
Disadvantages: the whitening effect is not thorough enough.
Vitamin C can effectively reduce the formed melanin to colorless melanin precursors. They are also essential components for the human body to maintain metabolism. They are safe, but the whitening effect is not thorough enough.