How much did this nest cost? What is the cost of bird's nest? I believe many people are paying attention to this issue, 4 billion, 3.8 billion, 3 1 billion. As the main venue of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the project cost estimate of the National Stadium has been revised for more than a year, with a difference of 25%. In addition to security issues, the capital budget has become another key point for the suspension of the construction of the "Bird's Nest". The project cost of "unconscious decision" and "Bird's Nest" is estimated to be 3.8 billion yuan, which is slightly lower than the cost control of 4 billion yuan stipulated by the organizer in the design tender. This is the data revealed by Li Xinggang, one of the main designers of the "Bird's Nest" scheme and deputy chief architect of China Architectural Design and Research Institute in April 2003. In June 2003, after the national stadium scheme was selected, the investment of the "Bird's Nest" was estimated to be 3.5 billion at the investment review meeting in Boao. It has been confirmed by many parties that the goal of current high-level discussions and efforts is to control the investment at 3 1 100 million. On July 30, 2004, the world-famous "Bird's Nest" suddenly stopped working. Is it a question of money or safety? "The best Olympics" does not mean the most expensive Olympics. The success of the Olympic bid and national pride can easily make everyone excited. If the government can't stay awake at this time, it will definitely leave hidden dangers for decision-making. Professor Ge, doctoral supervisor of Tongji University and director of the Asian Real Estate Society, said. In fact, the bidding for the National Stadium started in such an atmosphere. In the tender, 4 billion control fees and open roofs are impressively listed. Among the three finalists in April 2003, the project cost estimate has been basically clear, with the "Bird's Nest" being 3.8 billion, followed by 3 billion and 2.82 billion respectively. In the case that leaders, experts and the masses are "rarely highly consistent", the "Bird's Nest" won the bid with dignity. The "Bird's Nest" is also widely recognized because the opening cost only accounts for 5% of the total investment, which is far lower than the 10% required by the tender. However, the collapse of the corridor at Charles de Gaulle Airport directly attracted high-level attention to the "Bird's Nest". At the beginning of June this year, 1 1 academicians collectively wrote to the premier, who conveyed the instructions to the leaders of Beijing. The safety and economy of Olympic venues became the focus for a time, and the "Bird's Nest" was completely closed on July 30th. "Worry is understandable, after all, such a large span of things have never been done. However, the safety of the "Bird's Nest" project has never been emphasized. "Professor Dong Shilin, academician of China Academy of Engineering and doctoral supervisor of Zhejiang University, said. According to the out-of-code review of seismic design conducted in July, the "Bird's Nest" was determined as "needing modification". Experts believe that safety should not be a problem as long as the design is continuously optimized, deepened and carefully constructed. Therefore, people say that removing the hole in the roof, expanding the hole and reducing the steel consumption per square meter from 1000 kg to 350 kg is only to achieve the basic goal of controlling the investment of 3 1 100 million. "The original requirements and approvals must now be overturned. The loss of shutdown is great and the impact is very bad! "A professor who participated in the design of the" Bird's Nest "said sadly. Professor Ding, doctoral supervisor of Tongji University and vice chairman of the International Association of Architects, believes that the decision-making stage of project management must include organizational decision-making, management decision-making, economic decision-making and management decision-making, and all decisions are completed before the implementation stage and operation stage. The core work in the decision-making stage is to define the project objectives, that is, investment, quality standards and schedule requirements. "Many of our decisions now have problems. Seemingly lacking scientific awareness, but basically lacking management knowledge. Where does consciousness come from without knowledge? Decision making is just a matter of feeling. "Professor ding said. It is precisely because of the lack of clear goal definition in the decision-making stage that the national stadium project directly leads to the blindness in the implementation stage and the embarrassment of the current situation. In China's major projects over the years, the investment waste and efficiency loss caused by blind decision-making are incalculable. The Statistical Yearbook of Fixed Assets Investment in China by the National Bureau of Statistics shows that from 1958 to 200 1, the error rate of investment projects in China is close to 50%! According to media reports, the budget for the construction of the "Bird's Nest" under government intervention will "exceed the estimated 40% ~ 50% before the construction." The Boao Conference decided to invest 3.5 billion yuan. Last autumn, I heard that the project budgets of 2.8 billion yuan and 2.4 billion yuan had been negotiated with the winning bidder. The maximum over-budget is 10%. How can there be so many? "An expert was puzzled by this rumor. However, "the final accounts exceed the budget, the budget exceeds the estimated budget, and the estimated budget exceeds the estimated budget" has indeed become a long-standing problem for many engineering projects in China. Behind the decision-making mistakes are deep-seated institutional problems. "The state has long had a set of investment control procedures, but the effect is not good. The main reason is that investors are unclear and the government intervenes too much in construction. This is the origin of "Three Supers". "A government investment consulting expert reflected. Under the current system, the investor of major public projects is often the government, and the subject of responsibility is not clear. "It is irresponsible to spend government money. "The project investment is flexible, and the funding gap can always be increased through investment after the project is established, which creates natural conditions for the' fishing project' to change its design and expand its scale without authorization, forcing the investment department to make additional investments. As an important means to control investment, investment consultation mechanism was established in 1990' s, but it basically became a procedural form under administrative intervention. The ambiguity of the subject of responsibility reduces the constraint of administrative leadership's intervention in construction. Relevant experts believe that in the process of using engineering technical and economic indicators in engineering budget and construction budget, the domestic technical level is no less than that of advanced countries. Although there is still a lack of a completely unified technical and economic index system, raw material prices will fluctuate, but generally speaking, these factors will not have a great impact on the budget results. "But non-standard buildings like the Bird's Nest lack reference indicators of other projects, and it is difficult to be accurate in the early estimation stage. However, with the deepening of the design, the equipment selection has been determined and the budget can be calculated quite accurately. " Professor Chen Jianguo, director of the Department of Construction Management and Real Estate of Tongji University, said. According to Professor Ge, director of the Asian Real Estate Society and Tongji University, "in theory, the key to investment control is in the design stage, 70% to 80%, and only about 10% can be controlled in the construction stage." However, in practice far from theory, engineering design schemes are often influenced by administrative instructions. "Pudong International Airport, if a new leader wants to change his plan, the budget will definitely change as soon as the plan changes. And it tends to increase rather than decrease. " An expert said, "I consulted the Shanghai Metro 1 Line project more than ten years ago, with a project budget of 654.38+0 billion and a final project of 300 million!" "Many private projects spend their own money, and they are carefully calculated when they are used. Even if there is a' three super', it is for reasonable reasons. However, government projects are different, and improving project construction standards is definitely more beneficial than harmful to administrative leaders. If they know the investment limit in advance and can't increase it, they will definitely not do so. " A government investment control expert said. According to the investigation of the Ministry of Construction, the governments of France, Japan, Italy and other countries participate in the project, and it is precisely by strictly following the project cost estimation that the design scheme and construction budget are supervised and audited, so as to achieve investment control. When the budget exceeds the investment limit, the design unit is required to modify the design, including reducing the construction scale and lowering the standards. With the official release of the State Council's Decision on Investment System Reform on July 25th, it seems that "the scientific and democratic level of government investment decision-making" is expected to be improved in further deepening the investment system reform, and investors and beneficiaries will be more clear in the new reform. "It is easy to criticize others everywhere when something goes wrong, but shooting indiscriminately shows that this society has not made progress. No matter how the national stadium is finally completed, we should learn from it and really start to reflect. " Professor Ding said, "If we don't learn a lesson and solve the problem fundamentally, there will be problems in the' Bird's Nest' today and other problems tomorrow." There is no doubt that the economic loss and social impact caused by the suspension of the "Bird's Nest" will gradually appear in the future, but for the domestic engineering construction that has been troubled by the "Three Supermarkets" for a long time, the pain of the "Bird's Nest" may be prompting changes. Comparison of two engineering cost management processes: 1. Lack of decision-making stage. After setting the investment target, the reasonable process is to enter the decision-making stage and complete a series of preparatory work, including staffing organization, building management structure, clarifying the investment amount, demonstrating the reliability of capital sources, technical standards, engineering style and effect, construction progress, etc. 2. The evaluation and audit of investment consulting institutions are greatly influenced by administrative consciousness. If the investment consulting institution fails to pass the evaluation and review of the project proposal, it shall revise the design proposal and re-enter the review procedure. However, under the current system, the investment consulting agency is a company affiliated to the government, and basically only evaluates whether the investment amount is reasonable. If it is not approved, the investment department will issue the investment according to the assessed amount. 3. Under the influence of all parties, the design scheme often changes. When the project budget exceeds the investment limit, the reasonable procedure should enter the design scheme modification procedure, lower the standard or reduce the scale, and re-prepare the budget. Under the current system, it is usually to raise the standard and expand the scale, which leads to the gradual expansion of budget estimates and budgets, and the government continues to increase investment. Introduction of "Bird's Nest": The National Stadium "Bird's Nest" is a giant building with international characteristics, which is composed of a series of radial portal steel trusses rotating around the bowl-shaped seating area. Opposite to the "Bird's Nest" is the "Water Cube"-National Swimming Center. The National Aquatics Center is a novel and unique Olympic building, which will decorate the picturesque Olympic Park with a beautiful figure like ice crystals.