(2) Substantial toxicity. Poisons that cause pathological damage to organs and tissues are introduced after absorption. Such as arsenic and mercury.
(3) The enzyme is toxic. A poison that inhibits certain enzymes. Such as organophosphorus pesticides and cyanide.
(4) blood poisoning. Poisons that cause blood changes, such as carbon monoxide, nitrite and some snake venom.
(5) Neurotoxicity. Poison that causes central nervous system disorder. Such as alcohol, anesthetic, valium and sleeping pills, strychnine, nicotinic acid, cocaine, amphetamines, etc.
2. According to the chemical properties of poisons:
(1) volatile poison. Poisons that can be separated by distillation or microdiffusion. Such as cyanide, alcohol, phenol, etc.
(2) Non-volatile poisons. Separation of poisons by organic solvent extraction. Such as barbiturates, alkaloids, morphine, etc.
(3) Metal poisoning. Poison separated by destroying organic matter. Such as arsenic, mercury, barium, chromium and zinc.
(4) Anionic poisons. Poisons separated by dialysis or ion exchange. Such as strong acid, strong alkali, nitrite, etc.
(5) Other poisons. Other poisons that must be separated by special methods according to their chemical properties. Such as curcumin, carbon monoxide and hydrogen sulfide.
3. Mixed classification. (i.e. comprehensive classification according to the sources, uses and toxic effects of poisons)
(1) corrosive poison. Include corrosive acids and bases such as sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, phenol, sodium hydroxide, ammonia and ammonia hydroxide.
(2) destructive poison. Poisons that may cause damage to organisms and tissues. Such as arsenic, mercury, barium, lead, chromium, magnesium, thallium and other heavy metal salts.
(3) Poisons with dysfunction. Such as poisons that interfere with brain and spinal cord functions, such as alcohol, methanol, hypnotic sedatives, strychnine, atropine, isoniazid, opium, cocaine, amphetamines, hallucinogens, etc. Poisons that hinder respiratory function, such as cyanide, nitrite and carbon monoxide.
(4) pesticides. Such as organophosphorus, carbamate, pyrethroids, organic mercury, organic chlorine, organic fluorine, inorganic fluorine, chlormequat, paraquat, snake venom, methyl bromide and zinc.
(5) rodenticide. Zinc phosphide, diphacinone, atropine, diphacinone sodium, rodenticide, etc.
(6) poisonous plants. Such as Aconitum plants, Gelsemium, Datura stramonium, oleander, toadstool, weeds, fennel, tripterygium wilfordii and so on.
(7) poisonous animals. Such as snake venom, puffer fish, mylabris, toad, fish gall, bee venom, etc.
(8) Bacterial and mycotoxins. Such as Salmonella, Botox, Staphylococcus and other bacteria, as well as Aspergillus flavus, moldy sugarcane, black spot sweet potato and other fungi.
[Edit this paragraph] Ten poisonous plants
The first Saito
The shape of Chaiteng is quite romantic: the blue, pink or white flowers the size of sweet beans spread out thickly and droop, mainly growing in the south and southwest, also known as Dou Yun tree. It is poisonous all over, although it is reported that its flowers are not poisonous, it is better to be careful. Because a large number of reports show that once eaten by mistake, it will cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and other symptoms, and corresponding treatment measures need to be taken, such as intravenous drip and taking anti-nausea drugs.
The second foxglove
The appearance of foxglove is unbelievable. Although it can grow to 3 feet, it always gives people a feeling of weakness. Pale purple, pink or white flowers grow around the main branches and stems. It also has a more widely known Latin name "digitalis", whose leaves can be used in commerce and is the raw material of the drug "digitalis" for treating heart disease. If you eat any of them by mistake in the wild, you will have symptoms of nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea and oral pain, and even abnormal heartbeat. Doctors will use gastric lavage and other methods to promote detoxification and stabilize the heart by taking medicine. This kind of plant has many aliases, such as fairy bell, rabbit flower, Lord of the Rings and so on.
The third hydrangea
Hydrangea has a gorgeous appearance, ranging from rose and dark blue to green and white. It grows rapidly, even reaching 65,438+05 feet. It has become a necessary plant to decorate the courtyard. In everyone's imagination, it can be eaten like marshmallows and steamed stuffed buns, but in fact, once eaten, abdominal pain will occur a few hours later, and other typical poisoning symptoms include skin pain and vomiting. Fortunately, the antidote to hydrangea poisoning has been developed.
The fourth lily of the valley
The pleasing lily is also called the Mayflower, and the bell-shaped white flower hangs shyly, like a beauty's hair. In fact, it is poisonous everywhere, even at its tip. Touching the lily of the valley may not hurt, but if you eat some, you will have nausea, vomiting, oral pain, abdominal pain, diarrhea, colic, and slow or irregular heartbeat. Doctors will promote the excretion of toxins through gastric lavage and other methods, and restore the heartbeat to normal through medication.
The fifth candle
Candles, also known as flamingo flowers and flamingo taro, are plants with strange leaves and stems: the leaves are dark green, heart-shaped, thick and tough, the stamens are long and sharp, and there are bright red, white or green, surrounded by red, pink or spiritual Buddha buds, which are all toxic. This flower, also known as flamenco flower or pigtail grass, once eaten by mistake, will feel burning and pain in the mouth, then it will swell and blister, and its voice will become hoarse and tense, making it difficult to swallow. Most of the symptoms will be alleviated or even disappeared over time. If you want to relieve pain, you can choose cool liquid, painkillers or foods such as licorice and flaxseed.
The sixth chrysanthemum
Chrysanthemum is one of the potted plants that people often use to decorate the foyer during Halloween and Thanksgiving. Chrysanthemums are divided into 100 to 200 varieties, usually short shrubs. The gardener planted chrysanthemums to prevent rabbits from making trouble. Do you know why? The head of this flower is toxic to some extent, and so are humans. But the good news is that although touching chrysanthemums can make people feel a little pain and swelling, doctors will only treat it as a general allergy or inflammation.
Seventh oleander
Different from other plants with poisonous leaves or juice, every part of oleander is poisonous, and even if you accidentally inhale a little smoke burning oleander, it will bring discomfort. In addition, barbecuing its branches and drinking water from red, pink or white oleander flowers will cause poisoning symptoms. As an evergreen shrub, potted oleander is very popular, and it is also a common variety in the courtyard in the southwestern United States, California and the Mediterranean climate suitable for its growth.
The typical symptoms of oleander poisoning are heart rate changes, sometimes bradycardia, sometimes palpitations, and sometimes hyperkalemia. What doctors do is to make the heart rate of the poisoned person regular through drugs, and at the same time take emetic drugs, gastric lavage and eat charcoal with strong absorption to absorb toxins in the body.
The eighth rubber tree with small leaves
Rubber tree with small leaves, also known as Benjamin tree, contains poisonous milky juice in its leaves and stems. These plants are divided into trees, shrubs, vines and so on. About 800 species, most of which are potted indoors, and some species can also be planted outdoors in warm areas, and can even grow to 75 feet tall. The most serious consequence of rubber tree poisoning is skin pain and swelling, and doctors will treat it with allergies or inflammation.
The ninth azalea
Rhododendron and Rhododendron belong to evergreen shrubs. They bloom in the yard in spring because their flowers are beautiful, but in fact their leaves are toxic, and the nectar brewed with Rhododendron powder is also toxic. If you eat one of them by mistake, you will have a burning sensation in your mouth, and then the possible symptoms include more and more obvious salivation, nausea, vomiting, skin tingling and so on. Followed by headache, muscle weakness, blurred vision and so on. There will also be slow heartbeat and arrhythmia, and in severe cases, you will fall into a coma or have fatal convulsions. Of course, before that, the doctor will try to reduce the consequences of poisoning, let you breathe more smoothly, and let you take medicine to make your heart beat return to normal.
The tenth daffodil
Yellow and white daffodils are considered as messengers of spring, also known as longevity flowers. In fact, if eaten in large quantities, they are slightly toxic. Some people will confuse it with onions-people who eat daffodil bulbs by mistake will have symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea. If the patient is seriously ill or the patient is a child, the doctor will suggest intravenous drip or oral medication to relieve symptoms such as nausea and vomiting.
[Edit this paragraph] Poisonous flowers
Rhododendron: also known as azalea. Rhododendron flavum contains toxins, which can cause vomiting, dyspnea, numbness of limbs and other symptoms after poisoning.
Cordate telosma: When photosynthesis stops at night, cordate telosma will emit a lot of waste gas, which is extremely harmful to people's health, so it is not advisable to stay for a long time before it blooms at night.
Mimosa: contains mimosaponin. Too much contact will cause thinning eyebrows, yellowing hair and serious hair loss.
Tulip: Tulip flowers contain toxic alkali, and people will be dizzy after staying in this flower cluster for two hours, and symptoms of poisoning will appear, which will lead to hair loss in severe cases.
Oleander: The stems, leaves and flowers of oleander are poisonous. The milky juice it secretes contains a toxic substance called oleanolin, which will be poisoned if eaten by mistake.
Narcissus: once the human body comes into contact with the leaves and juice of narcissus, it can cause skin redness and swelling; If this juice accidentally enters your eyes, the consequences will be more serious. Narcissus bulbs contain Latin toxin, which can cause vomiting after eating by mistake.
Poinsettia: The whole plant is poisonous. Once white milk touches the skin, it will cause allergic symptoms such as redness and swelling, and eating stems and leaves by mistake is in danger of poisoning and death.
Evergreen mosaic: the mosaic contains oxalic acid and Tianmen elements, which can cause tumors in the mouth, throat, esophagus and gastrointestinal tract and even damage the vocal cords, making people dumb.
Yu Meiren: The whole plant is toxic, especially the fruit is the most toxic. Eating by mistake will cause poisoning of the central nervous system, which may even be life-threatening.
Datura stramonium: Native to India, it has been cultivated all over China in recent years, with poisonous plants and highly toxic fruits.
Nandianzhu: also known as Tianzhu, the whole plant is poisonous, mainly containing tetrahydropalmatine and tetrahydropalmatine. Poisoning symptoms such as convulsions, spasms and coma may occur if you eat by mistake.
Five-colored plum: leaves and leaves are poisonous, and eating them by mistake will cause diarrhea and fever.
Bachelor tree: after the stem is broken, white milk can make the skin red and swollen, which can cause blindness if taken by mistake.
Clove and cordate telosma: A large number of particles that strongly stimulate the sense of smell are scattered at night, which has a great influence on patients with hypertension and heart disease.
Blood throat: Moraceae, a rare species. Jatropha curcas, also known as Jatropha curcas, is one of the main tree species in tropical seasonal rain forests in China. With the continuous destruction of forests, plants are gradually decreasing. Third-class protected plants. Milk is highly toxic, and if it is eaten by mistake, it will lead to blindness; Entering the human body from the wound will cause poisoning, paralyzing the heart, sealing the blood vessels, coagulating the blood, and dying within 20-30 minutes, hence the name "blood sealing the throat". Mainly distributed in Hainan, Yunnan, Guangdong and Guangxi, with an altitude limit of1000 m.
Poisonous flowers include Pinellia ternata, Bambusa bambusa, calla lily, overlord whip, tiger thorn, coral flower, purple flower, Lycoris radiata, cicada and so on.
[Edit this paragraph ]52 kinds of carcinogenic plants
Millet, variable leaf wood, variable leaf wood, ginseng fruit, croton, Aristolochia mollissima, croton, Kirin crown, catnip, Euphorbia helioscopia, Kansui, Euphorbia humilis, begonia, Spatholobus suberectus, osmanthus fragrans, Jatropha multifida, Suzaku coral, Sapium sebiferum, Wusong. Soybean, Fructus Forsythiae, Rhizoma Belamcandae, Iris, Pteris argentea, Clematis flavescens, Radix tinosporae, Datura stramonium, Sansuo, Impatiens balsamina, scissors, nutmeg, Kiwifruit, Endothelium Corneum Gigeriae Galli, Bitter Almond and Achyranthes bidentata.
four
[Edit this paragraph] Ancient poisonous plants
Miyi, Cao Xun, Du Heng, Tan Yi, Cao Rong, Miscanthus chinensis, Cao Xun and Celastrus chinensis.
Shao, Lu Yunya, Qin Fenping, Miao Bao, Rui, Xin Xinpu.
[Edit this paragraph] Family adapts to flower cultivation
Modern decoration materials contain a large number of compounds, which will more or less emit gases harmful to human health, such as formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, benzene, phenol and so on. If you stay for a long time, you will have symptoms such as chest tightness, asthma and nausea. Therefore, for friends who move to a new home, the best choice is those flowers and plants that can absorb these harmful gases, such as: Huweilan can effectively absorb formaldehyde in the air; Roses can absorb gases such as hydrogen sulfide and benzene. In addition, you can also choose rhododendron, osmanthus fragrans, gardenia, camellia, chrysanthemum, chlorophytum, geranium, jasmine, cycad, pomegranate, Hosta, rose and so on.
At present, beauty care has become a fashion, especially the pure natural plants that can be used for health care are favored by the majority of women. For example, aloe vera has a very magical effect in beauty care. If we keep a few pots of aloe at home, we can apply them directly on our face, hair and limbs. In summer, if we are bitten by mosquitoes, applying its juice can reduce swelling and relieve itching, as well as prevent skin allergies and treat beriberi. In addition, there are beauty and health products such as cactus for slimming, Gardenia for promoting blood circulation and relieving annoyance, Albizia Albizia for sleeping and calming, jasmine for relieving depression and promoting digestion, and roses for nourishing face and blood.
If there are old people and children at home, it is best to raise some flowers with medicinal value, such as: three gardenias with a little honey to treat colds and pneumonia; It is effective to treat mumps in children with cactus. Cooking 15g rhododendron with pig's trotters can treat irregular menstruation and abnormal leucorrhea. In addition, I especially recommend chrysanthemum, Cycas for expelling wind and activating blood, Rhododendron for relieving asthma and relieving cough, Kumquat for soothing the nerves, Orchid with wide circulation, Osmanthus fragrans with warm interior and cold interior, Lysimachia christinae with special fossil effects, Lily for nourishing the heart and strengthening the spleen, and Lycium barbarum for prolonging life. In the process of cultivation, we not only enjoy the pleasure of labor and the interest brought by flowers, but also provide convenience for our daily life.
In addition, there are many indoor foliage plants, which are especially suitable for growing in indoor diffuse light because of their own living habits. Their leaves are green and lovely, and their posture is elegant. They are also particularly popular with people, such as ornamental ferns, Kentucky bluegrass, asparagus, green radish, tortoise shell bamboo, brown bamboo, evergreen, cauliflower taro, ivy, rich trees and so on.
A few ornamental plants do have certain toxicity, but we don't have to talk about toxic discoloration. According to statistics, most poisoning incidents occur after eating by mistake, and the real contact poisoning is very few. As long as you don't eat these plants, their toxins will generally not cause harm to the human body, and whether the human body will be affected by harmful substances secreted by flowers and plants is also related to the individual's physical resistance. Even though some plants contain volatile harmful gases, so far, there is not enough evidence to show that they can cause cancer. There are many kinds of phytotoxins, only a few of which will cause cancer, and most of them will only cause skin allergies. However, in families with children, because children are lively and curious, it is easy to eat by mistake, so it is best not to put these poisonous ornamental plants in the room. If you want to breed, put it in a suitable place to prevent children from climbing and eating by mistake. For example, cordate telosma: exhaust gas at night can cause dizziness, cough, asthma and insomnia. Tulip: The poisonous alkali in the flower will cause dizziness, and in severe cases, the hair will fall off. Narcissus: The juice in the flower can make the skin turn red, and the bulb contains Latin toxin, which will vomit after eating. Poinsettia: the whole plant is poisonous, and white milk makes the skin red and swollen. Calla lily: flowers are poisonous and contain alkaloids. Eating them by mistake will make people unconscious. Yu Meiren: The whole plant is poisonous and the fruit is highly toxic. Tiger thorn plum: white milk is poisonous, which makes people unable to sleep. Five-colored plum: Leaves and leaves are poisonous, and eating them by mistake can cause diarrhea and fever. Evergreen: Leaves contain oxalic acid, which will make people dumb if eaten by mistake. Coral bean: The whole plant is poisonous. Tell the children not to eat its red fruit. Nandina domestica: The whole plant is poisonous and contains tetrandrine, which causes convulsion and coma by eating it by mistake. Mimosa: It contains mimosamine. Excessive exposure will make eyebrows sparse and hair yellow. Cactus: The thorn contains poisonous juice, and the skin is painful, itchy and even allergic after being stabbed. In short, planting appropriate flowers and plants in the living room, as long as we understand their living habits and take certain measures, will not endanger health, but will only be beneficial to the human body. While planting flowers and plants, choose your favorite and harmless varieties of flowers and plants.