eucalyptus

[Edit this paragraph] Eucalyptus

Scientific name: Eucalyptus

Nickname: You Jiali

Family: Myrtaceae

Genus: Eucalyptus

Distribution: Of the more than 700 known eucalyptus species, most grow in the Australian mainland, a few in neighboring New Guinea and Indonesia, and one in the Philippine Islands.

Description: Evergreen plant, with old leaves falling off periodically within one year. Most species are tall trees, a few are small trees and a few are shrubby. The crown shapes are steeple, multi-branch and vertical branch. Leaves simple, entire, leathery, sometimes covered with a thin layer of wax. Leaves can be divided into three categories: young leaves, middle leaves and mature leaves. Most young leaves are opposite, small, heart-shaped or broadly lanceolate.

Habits: Mostly subtropical plants. Hi-light, good humidity, drought resistance and heat resistance. Afraid of cold, very sensitive to low temperature. Some species originated in the tropics and cannot tolerate low temperatures below 0 degrees; Some species grow in a warm climate and can withstand a low temperature of-10 degrees. It can grow in all kinds of soils, and most soils can adapt to acidity and alkalinity. The most suitable soil is fertile alluvial soil.

Garden use: Eucalyptus has graceful posture, evergreen seasons and extremely rapid growth, and has the ability to germinate, renew and improve wetlands. Tree species suitable for landscaping. The leaves contain aromatic oil, which can sterilize and repel mosquitoes and can be used to extract sesame oil. It is also a good greening tree species in convalescent areas, residential areas, hospitals and public green spaces. The twigs and bark contain tannin, which can be used to extract tannin extract; Bark and wood can also be used to make pulp. Eucalyptus is an important honey source plant with long flowering period and large honey flow.

Propagation: Propagation by sowing, grafting, cutting and shoot tip tissue culture.

Eucalyptus has many uses and many benefits to Australia, the origin of eucalyptus. But it absorbs a lot of water, which will cause the water source to dry up; Rapid growth and rapid absorption of nutrients will lead to poor nutrients in the land and other plants can't grow. So where eucalyptus grows in large quantities, there will be few other tree species. Eucalyptus can kill bacteria and repel mosquitoes at the same time, so there are no insects that feed on mosquitoes and no birds that feed on insects. Therefore, eucalyptus planting must be done according to our abilities and treated with caution.

The general name of eucalyptus plants in Myrtaceae. Also known as Gary. Evergreen tree with thick and durable bark or smooth bark, which falls off every year. There are two types of leaves, the young leaves are sessile and opposite, and the mature leaves are sickle-shaped or oblong. There are volatile aromatic oils. Flowers bisexual, calyx tube bell-shaped, ovary connate; Petals and calyx lobes form a cap; Stamens are numerous, anthers are heart-shaped or kidney-shaped, straight split or perforated; Disk exists; The ovary is inferior, with 2-7 cells and many ovules. The capsule is hidden in the pot-shaped calyx tube or protrudes outside the calyx tube; The disk forms a fruit margin when it bears fruit. There are many seeds, but few can be bred. There are 522 species of eucalyptus, 150 species. Most of them are native to Australia, introduced from all over the world in the19th century, and cultivated in 96 countries or regions. Eucalyptus wood has many properties, generally tough and durable, and can be used as materials for sleepers, columns, bridges, buildings, pulp and wood-based panels. Leaves can be used to extract essential oil to produce cineole, citral and so on. , widely used in perfume and pharmaceutical industries. The bark, wood and leaves of many eucalyptus trees contain tannin, which can be used as scale remover and retarder for boilers. In addition, eucalyptus is also a good fuelwood, honey source plant and greening and shelterbelt tree species.

The forest types of eucalyptus in Australia are: dry broadleaf forest (see figure), wet broadleaf tree, savanna, dry broadleaf tree and alpine meadow. Eucalyptus likes light and its branches and leaves are sparse. Most require the annual average temperature to be above 65438 05℃, and the most Leng Yue is not lower than 7 ~ 8℃. Generally, it can grow in areas with annual precipitation of 500 mm, and it grows better when the annual precipitation exceeds1000 mm. It is suitable for growing in acid red soil, yellow soil and alluvial soil with deep soil layers, but it grows better in places with deep soil layers, loose soil layers and good drainage. The main root is deep and has strong wind resistance. Most roots and necks have wood tumors, which can store nutrients and germinate and renew. Generally, it can blossom and bear fruit in 3 ~ 4 years after afforestation. Eucalyptus seedlings are divided into bare root seedlings and container seedlings. Generally, one-year-old bare-root seedlings separated into beds after sowing are used for surrounding greening; Large-scale afforestation mostly uses container seedlings. The planting season is generally carried out in late spring and early summer or after the rainy season begins. According to the business purpose, the growth characteristics of trees and the degree of quantitative maturity, the age and diameter class of logging are determined. The cutting method is generally block cleaning. Germination and regeneration are the characteristics of eucalyptus management, which have the advantages of fast initial growth, straight dry shape and fast intermediate income.

eucalyptus

On the east coast of Australia, the dense forests are lush, and tourists from all over the world are all amazed. However, few of them know that 90% of this vast forest is eucalyptus. Eucalyptus is a gift from nature to Australia and Australia to the world.

Hundreds of millions of years of isolation in Australia have created its unique flora and fauna. Although there are no mature mammals here, there are more than 100 marsupials, and the famous kangaroo is their "image spokesperson"; There are many exotic flowers and herbs growing quietly here, many of which can't even be named by botanists, and eucalyptus is their well-deserved representative.

Australia's land is the poorest on earth, and the soil of low-carbon and high-speed rail is crimson; Australia's climate is very dry, but eucalyptus can thrive in this difficult natural environment. According to research, there are more than 500 kinds of eucalyptus in Australia, which can grow to more than 100 meters high, straight and upright, and the short ones are only one or two meters, showing a shrub shape. In order to survive, eucalyptus has formed many unique growth characteristics in the long-term evolution process: in order to avoid the scorching sun and reduce water evaporation, eucalyptus leaves droop and face the sun; In order to cope with frequent forest fires, the nutrient delivery pipe of eucalyptus is deeply hidden in the wood layer, and the seeds are also wrapped in thick wooden shells. After a fire, as long as the wood core of the trunk is not burned dry, it will be full of vitality when the rainy season comes. Eucalyptus seeds are not only not afraid of fire, but also can knock open its wooden shell with the help of fire, which is convenient for taking root and sprouting. Eucalyptus is like a phoenix. After the fire, you can not only be reborn, but also grow better.

If there were no "land guards" like eucalyptus, Australia's red barren soil would have been eaten clean by wind and rain; Without eucalyptus, many insects, reptiles, birds and marsupials living there would be extinct because there was no hiding place and food. Of course, people will not see the embarrassing image of koalas that only eat eucalyptus leaves. Local aborigines can't live without precious eucalyptus trees. Eucalyptus can be used as a water storage tank. The trunk of a eucalyptus tree is empty, and many trunks are filled with drinkable water. Where there is no water, the aborigines beat the trunk with wooden sticks to find out if there is water in it. The flowers of eucalyptus are fringed and pink. Bees that feed on eucalyptus flowers produce a lot of honey, and beekeepers can squeeze nearly 20 kilograms of honey from a beehive. Some eucalyptus leaves contain cineole, which is an important pharmaceutical raw material and can also be used as an additive to make fruit candy. The aborigines also use eucalyptus trunks as wind instruments to blow out the sadness and joy in their hearts. With the development of the times, the use of eucalyptus is more and more extensive. Building houses, making furniture, making telephone poles, and making railway sleepers are omnipotent.

It can be said that there would be no Australia without eucalyptus. But Australians did not enjoy this precious gift from nature, but gave it to the world. Eucalyptus seeds germinated in the Mediterranean coast from the19th century, and developed rapidly in Africa, Asia and America. Eucalyptus varieties were introduced to China very early and widely planted in southern provinces. Eucalyptus grows rapidly and its wood is hard, which plays a very important role in environmental protection and the development of wood industry in China.

Eucalyptus is a very common tree species in Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia. It is said that shortly after Menerik II designated Addis Ababa as the capital, he found that although there were many flowers here, there were not many trees that could be used for firewood. So, he came up with the idea of moving the capital. When the news spread, someone said to the monarch, instead of looking for a new capital, it is better to plant trees on the spot. He adopted this suggestion and began to introduce fast-growing eucalyptus from 1905, calling on the masses to plant it widely. At the same time, he decided that the state would provide saplings at low prices, and the land tax for planting trees would be exempted. In this way, in less than 20 years, eucalyptus not only covered the whole city, but also formed a broad green belt around the city. The problems of building materials and firewood have been solved, and the capital has not moved. At present, there are more than 50 square kilometers of eucalyptus forests in Addis Ababa, and 90% of the wood needed for urban construction depends on eucalyptus. Also known as the "Eucalyptus Capital".

Eucalyptus can sometimes grow to 152 m (generally100-10 m), making it the tallest tree in the world.

Eucalyptus has a small crown and high light transmittance, which is beneficial to the growth of grass under the tree and to insects and birds. It is a water-saving tree species with small crown and small water evaporation.

CCTV-7 agricultural programs have made relevant reports, clarifying everyone's misunderstanding of eucalyptus.

But in China's gardening art, eucalyptus is regarded as an ominous plant. Young adults are not allowed to plant this kind of "giant" on a tree that can grow to 30 stories high. It is said that all adults will die. If you want to plant this tree, you have to invite the elderly, because when the tree is big, the life span of the tree planter will be almost the same.

Features: Eucalyptus grandis, alias: Eucalyptus, White Diesel Tree (Chaoshan), Mango Tree (South Australia), Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus grandis (Puning), Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus grandis, and Eucalyptus grandis (Huiyang).

This product is Eucalyptus grandis of Myrtaceae. This product was born in sunny plains, hillsides and roadsides. Recyclable holidays every year. It is cultivated in the south and southwest of China.

This product is slightly pungent, slightly bitter and flat in nature. Has the effects of expelling pathogenic wind, relieving fever, inhibiting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, preventing corrosion and relieving itching. Mainly used for preventing influenza, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, upper respiratory tract infection, pharyngolaryngitis, bronchitis, pneumonia, acute and chronic pyelonephritis, nephritis, dysentery and filariasis; Externally used for treating burn, cellulitis, mastitis, furuncle, erysipelas, paddy field dermatitis, skin itching, beriberi, etc.

Unilateral prescription:

1. Treatment of intestinal mycosis: Take Eucalyptus grandis leaves, Sapium sebiferum leaves, Zingiber officinale leaves and Sophora japonica leaves 15-30g and decoct them in water twice a day for 7 days as a course of treatment.

2. Treatment of acute gastroenteritis: Eucalyptus grandis leaves 15g, leaf pulling 10g, decoction.

3, prevention and treatment of influenza, meningitis: eucalyptus grandis 15 grams, decoction.

4, cure rice field dermatitis, skin eczema, foot rot in the distant years: eucalyptus leaves, eucalyptus leaves, lacquer aunt, pine and cypress leaves, each appropriate amount, thick fried and washed.

5, treatment of cervical erosion: the giant eucalyptus leaves are calcined and ground into the affected area. (Take medicine according to gynecological routine).

6, treatment of pustular herpes, eczema: eucalyptus leaves, neem bark, the right amount. Wash with boiling water twice a day.

The usual dosage of this product is 9- 15g (fresh 15-30g), so it is not advisable to take it in excess. Appropriate amount for external use, decoction and external washing.

Advantages of eucalyptus

1. Very rapid growth. Eucalyptus is the fastest growing tree species in the world. In peak season 1 day can grow 3 cm, one month can grow 1 meter, and one year can grow1meter. Brazil has the best eucalyptus plantation in the world, with the highest growth rate of 7.8 cubic meters per year. Mu, and the experimental forest in Hainan, China has the highest growth rate of 4 cubic meters per year. Mu.

2. The rotation period is extremely short. The rotation period of Picea koraiensis plantation is 70 years. The rotation period of Pinus massoniana plantation in China is 20-25 years, Chinese fir plantation is 15-20 years, while eucalyptus plantation in southern provinces is 5-7 years, especially in Leizhou Peninsula, and some of them are even shortened to 3-4 years. Because of its rapid growth, the wood produced is mainly used to make wood chips as raw materials for papermaking or fiberboard industry. Therefore, the business model of short-period small-diameter timber is very popular.

3. Mature technology. Eucalyptus has strong adaptability and is suitable for intensive management and high-yield cultivation. At present, Eucalyptus is widely planted all over the world and has a set of mature cultivation and management techniques. As long as the varieties are suitable and the measures are in place, high yield can be obtained.

4. Less pests and diseases. As eucalyptus is an exotic tree species, it has not been planted for a long time in China, and there are few pests and diseases in a large area, which is much better than poplar. However, in recent years, the situation of pests and diseases has a tendency to expand and develop.

5. Good economic benefits. Eucalyptus plantation is the best economic benefit in China's forestry industry at present. Take Zhanjiang as an example, the net profit of eucalyptus planting can reach 200 yuan -500 yuan/mu every year. In recent years, the price of eucalyptus chips has been rising, the forestry tax has been decreasing, and the afforestation profit has been getting better and better. Here, some people are willing to rent the land for planting eucalyptus at the price of 100 yuan/mu, which shows that the profits of eucalyptus plantations are rich.

Is eucalyptus poisonous?

This is a simple question. The following facts can prove that eucalyptus is not only non-toxic, but also can be directly used by animals and humans. There is an animal in Australia called koala, which lives in eucalyptus forest and eats eucalyptus leaves for a living. If eucalyptus is poisonous, can animals eat it? In addition, eucalyptus forests are everywhere in Australia from south to north, and the conservation forests of drinking water sources in major cities are basically eucalyptus. Life-oriented Australians have never reported that the water source of eucalyptus forest is not good, let alone toxic. In addition, there is a by-product of eucalyptus-eucalyptus leaf oil, which is a natural compound extracted from eucalyptus leaves and is a raw material for cosmetics and medicines. Many throat lozenges contain eucalyptus oil. So it is nonsense to say that eucalyptus is poisonous, mainly because people don't understand eucalyptus.

This is the detailed content of eucalyptus.

2. The geographical situation in Guang 'an is not suitable for planting eucalyptus.

I grew up in the countryside of Guang 'an, and I still know a lot about plants in Guang 'an, but as far as eucalyptus is concerned, it is rare. First, eucalyptus generally does not grow very big under the influence of the environment, but the geographical environment is not very suitable for the growth of eucalyptus. If the landlord uses it to develop the economy, I suggest finding a better land for development. Man can conquer nature, and eucalyptus still plays a great role.