Zheng Chenggong (1August 27th, 624-1June 23rd, 662), also known as Fu Song, whose real name was Zheng Sen, was a scholar of Qian University in the late Ming Dynasty. He was a strategist and national hero in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Southern Ming Dynasty
Zheng Chenggong statuary
Emperor Longwu of the Tang Dynasty gave Zhu the title of the country and successfully renamed it, so it was also called Zheng and Guo as Ye. Li Yong of Wang Gui in Nanming named him King of Yanping County, so it is also called Zheng Yanping. The Netherlands and other western countries pronounce kok-se ng-i according to the Minnan dialect of "Guo Ye". Call it "Koxinga".
Zheng Chenggong statuary
Zheng Chenggong was a famous anti-Qing fighter in Nanming and a man with lofty ideals in China. His father was a pirate-born Nanming general Zheng Zhilong, and his mother was a Japanese Tian. Zheng Chenggong was born in Ishii, Quanzhou, Fujian (now divided into Anhai Town, Jinjiang and Ishii Town, Nan 'an), and was born in Hirado, Kyushu, Japan. His ancestral home was in Gushi County, Xinyang City, Henan Province (there is the Yiguan Tomb here), and later he moved to Putian (Zheng Keshuang's ancestral home came from Gushi County, Gwangju, and moved to Zhangzhou from Puzhou) [1].
Editor's life experience: Zheng Chenggong was born in Uchuan, Kyushu, Japan on July 4, 2008 (1624/ August 27, the first year of Kuanyong, Japan). His father, Zheng Zhilong, is the leader of maritime merchants and pirates, and he has great influence in the southeast coast of China, Japanese, Taiwan Province and Philippine seas. Zheng Chenggong lived in Pinghu with his mother until his father was six years old.
Zhengjia Temple in Tainan, Taiwan Province Province
After pro-Zheng Zhilong was recruited by the Daming court, Zheng Chenggong was taken back to live and study in Shijingjin (formerly Anping Town, Jinjiang County, Fujian Province, now Anhai Town) in Nan 'an County, Quanzhou Prefecture, which is now the former site of Chenggong Primary School.
In the 11th year of Chongzhen in Ming Dynasty (1638), Zheng Chenggong was a scholar and became one of the twenty "foodies" in Nan 'an County.
In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen (164 1 year), she married Dong Yingxian, assistant minister of Jinshi Department in Hui 'an, Quanzhou, Fujian.
In the seventeenth year of Chongzhen (1644), he went to imperial academy, Nanjing for further study, learning from Qian, a famous Confucian in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. To encourage him, money gave him the word "big wood".
In the same year, Li Zicheng attacked Yanjing, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself in Jingshan Park, and the Ming Empire perished. Then Wu Sangui led the Qing army into the customs and defeated Li Zicheng into Beijing. Zhu Yousong, the heir to the Ming Dynasty, ascended the throne in Nanjing, and was renamed "Hong Guang" the following year (1645).
In May of the first year of Hong Guang (1645), Prince Yu of the Qing Dynasty led many troops south and defeated Yangzhou, Nanjing, Shi Kefa and others. Emperor Hong Guang was captured and killed. Hong Guang's regime is dead. After the demise of Hong Guang Dynasty in Ming Dynasty in 1645, Zheng Zhilong and Zheng Hongkui brothers proclaimed themselves emperors in Fuzhou.
Portrait of Zheng Chenggong
In July of that year, it was changed to "longwu". Later in the same year, Zhu Yihai, the king of Lu, also convened a prison in Shaoxing, and changed the following year to "the year of supervising the country in Lu". Although the two regimes, Longwu and Lu Jianguo, were "determined to restore", they were in conflict with each other and went their own way.
In the first year of Longwu (1645), he won the appreciation of Emperor Longwu and was appointed commander-in-chief of the Royal Camp. He was given the title of "Success" and was the same as Xu Tongzong. Zheng, the son of Zheng Hongkui, is also named Long Ci. This is the origin of calling Zheng Chenggong the "national surname"; Zheng, because of his youth, is called "a small country named Ye".
In the second year of Longwu (1646), Zheng Chenggong began to lead the army and was repeatedly ordered to enter and leave Fujian and Jiangxi to fight against the Qing soldiers, which was highly valued by Emperor Longwu. However, Zheng Zhilong, who really holds the military and political power, has no intention of comprehensively confronting the Qing army. Even when the Qing army went south to Fujian, he ordered Master Xian Xiaguan Shoujiang (also known as Shi Tianfu and Uncle Shilang) to withdraw his troops to Fuzhou. This led to little resistance when the Qing army invaded northern Fujian.
Hong Chengchou, the second minister, is a countryman of Zheng Zhilong. Under the inducements promised to the governors of the three provinces, Zheng Zhilong ignored the opposition of Zheng Chenggong and Zheng Hongkui, and decided to take several other sons north to surrender to the Qing army. Zheng Chenggong failed to dissuade his father, so he had to leave Jinmen with some soldiers. Zheng Zhilong thought that after surrendering to the Qing army, he should not only protect his family business, but also be promoted and knighted. Unexpectedly, Boluo, the general of the Qing army, broke his word, not only took Zheng Zhilong and other scholars to Yanjing, but also sent troops to attack Nan 'an, Zheng's hometown. Tian, his mother, had moved from Japan to Nan 'an at that time, but unfortunately suffered this disaster and hanged herself in the war. When Zheng Chenggong learned of his mother's death, he strengthened his determination to fight Jian Lu.
In August of the second year of Longwu, the Qing army conquered Pucheng and Xiapu. Emperor Longwu started his career in Jiangxi, but was captured by the Qing army in Tingzhou and died of hunger strike. Arise against the Qing dynasty
Schematic diagram of Zheng Chenggong's sphere of influence
After Zheng Chenggong evaded Kinmen, he began to recruit troops in coastal areas, incorporated Zheng Zhilong's former headquarters, and even recruited thousands of troops in South Australia. In the second year of Longwu (1647 65438+ 10), in December, Zheng Chenggong swore an oath against Qing Dynasty in Liyu (Xiaojinmen) in the name of "loyalty and filial piety". In July of the third year of Longwu (1647), Zheng Chenggong and Cai Zheng's army attacked Haicheng and failed. eight
Zheng Chenggong
In June, Zheng Hongkui successfully encircled Quanzhou City, and Wang Jin, deputy commander of Zhangzhou of the Qing army, led reinforcements to it, but Zheng Jun lost.
In the fourth year of Longwu (1648), Lu Ruoteng, governor of Nanming Zhejiang, and others came back. After Zheng Chenggong accumulated his strength, he attacked again and conquered Tongan County. In May, Zheng Jun besieged Quanzhou. In July, Chen Tai, the general of the Qing army Jingnan, Jin Chen, the governor of Zhejiang and Fujian, and Zhao Guozhuo, the magistrate of Fujian, turned to Tongan. Zheng Jun was defeated, and the defenders suffered numerous casualties. Soon, the Qing army reinforcements arrived in Quanzhou, lifted the siege of Quanzhou and returned to the sea sadly.
In the same year, Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren, the general commanders of Jiangxi in the Qing Dynasty, rose up in Jiangxi anyway, and Li Chengdong, the magistrate of Guangdong and Guangxi in the Qing Dynasty, also invested in the Li Yong court, which made the momentum of anti-Qing and regaining sight soar for a while. Unfortunately, most of the anti-Qing forces have become local struggles without tacit understanding and fragmented. Soon after, the Qing Dynasty suppressed the forces of Jin Shenghuan and Wang Deren in Jiangxi. Li Chengdong's army in Guangdong also perished in the third year of Li Yong.
In the third year of Li Yong (1649), Zheng Chenggong renamed Li Yong Zhengshuo. Later, Li Yong named him King Yanping, so some people called him Zheng Yanping. The battle of Chaozhou, the situation in southern Fujian is chaotic. Except for the official army and the Qing army of Daming, there are local tyrants and mountain thieves everywhere, fighting with each other and collecting money and food from the nearby people, just like the local emperor. Compared with these local forces, Zheng Chenggong's armament is relatively complete, but because the army is too big and the territory is too small, he is faced with the major problem of raising wages. In October of the third year of Li Yong, Zheng Chenggong decided to send troops south. In addition to attacking the Qing army in southern Fujian, he also planned to subdue towns and villages along the road as food sources. More than a month later, Zhangpu, Xiao Yun and other places were captured from Lu Jian, and villages such as Dahao and Xiamei were also settled. 1 1 month, Zheng Jun attacked Zhaoan, but decided to turn to eastern Guangdong and conquer uncooperative sporadic troops from fenshuiguan to Chaozhou. In May of the following year, Chaoyang and many surrounding cottages were conquered for the first time.
Hao Shangjiu, the governor of Haozhou, fought against the Qing Dynasty with Li Chengdong in Li Yong for two years, but he sent troops in Shi Lang, Zheng Hongkui and other places, and also rejected Zheng Chenggong's request for "coalition". When Zheng Chenggong attacked Xinwei village, he sent troops to fight with Zheng Jun, and he always had bad feelings with Zheng Chenggong. Li Yong four years in June, Zheng Chenggong's troops arrived in Chaozhou, and he attacked Chaozhou on the grounds that Hao Shangjiu's status was "unclear". Hao Shangjiu's troops were defeated by Zheng Jun, so he had to retreat to Chaozhou Fucheng. Jieyang, Puning, Huilai and other counties all fell into the hands of Zheng Jun, and soon, Jian Lu invaded Guangdong again, leaving Chaozhou merchants between Scylla and Charybdis. In a rage, he surrendered to the Qing army and led the Qing army into Chaozhou City to fight side by side with Zheng Chenggong. Zheng Jun besieged Chaozhou City for three months. Apart from prolonged fighting and low morale, he also faced the problem of food aid, so he had to retreat to southern Fujian in August. Xiamen was captured for four years (1650). At that time, the armies of Zheng Chenggong's uncle (brother), Cai Zheng and Zheng Lian owned Xiamen. After Zheng Chenggong returned to Minnan, in order to strengthen his own strength, Zheng Lian took Shi Lang's suggestion and planned to take Xiamen on the pretext of extorting money and harming the people in Xiamen. On the Mid-Autumn Festival every four years, Zheng Chenggong took advantage of Cai Zheng's departure from Xiamen to visit Zheng Lian. Zheng Lian was unprepared and was assassinated. Soon, when Cai Zheng learned of Zheng Lian's death, he was even more afraid of fighting with Zheng Chenggong. After returning to Xiamen, he surrendered all the military power. Personally received some troops from Hezheng, and actually obtained the Xiamen-Tianjin base area.
Xiamen fell.
Li Yong four years in November, Pingnan, Jingnan two kings led tens of thousands of fighters into Guangzhou; Zheng Chenggong sent Emperor Li Yong to the south to serve the king, and left his uncle Zheng Zhiguan in Xiamen. /kloc-in October/February, Zheng Chenggong arrived in Jieyang, Guangdong, and joined forces with Zheng Hongkui; He said that he would lead his troops south, and Zheng Hongkui would lead his troops to guard Xiamen. In the same year, accompanied by Zeng Ying and others from the Cabinet Department, King Lu took refuge in Xiamen.
Zheng Chenggong
Zheng Chenggong was placed in Jinmen.
In the first month of the fifth year of Li Yong (165 1), Zheng successfully arrived in South Australia. On February 25th, Zheng Jun's fleet was caught in a storm near Yanzhou Port. Zheng Chenggong's main ship almost disintegrated and capsized, and almost all the vessels on board, including Ding Lu, were lost. According to records, even food could not be prepared on the ship at that time, and Zheng Chenggong himself was even hungry for two meals. It was not until the next afternoon that the wind and rain gradually subsided that Zheng Chenggong's main and auxiliary ships could return to the shore to meet the fleet. This is the biggest disaster that Zheng Chenggong himself encountered at sea. Afterwards, Zheng Chenggong also rewarded two main and co-pilots of China warships.
In March, Zheng Jun arrived at Guangdong Daxing Institute. On the other hand, Zhang Xuesheng, the governor of Fujian in the Qing Dynasty, learned that Zheng Chenggong's main army had gone to Guangdong, and Xiamen's defense was loose, which seemed to have an opportunity. He ordered Ma Degong, Wang Bangjun and others to attack Xiamen. Ma Degong held Zheng Zhibao hostage in Nan 'an, and ordered him to hand over the ship to ferry the Qing army to Xiamen, and successfully defeated Zheng Jun at sea. In the face of the attack of the Qing army, Zheng Zhiguan, who was in charge of Xiamen's defense, was afraid before the war and only cared about carrying property to escape on a private ship. It made the Qing army break Xiamen quite easily and plundered the savings and equipment of the Zheng family. Due to the sudden accident, Mrs. Dong and Zheng Jing, the eldest son of Zheng Chenggong, only had time to escape from the sea with their ancestral tablets. After the successful sneak attack, the Qing army had no intention of staying in Xiamen to fight Zheng Jun, so it returned to the inland with a large number of trophies. Just then, Zheng Hongkui, who rushed to Xiamen to help, was besieged by Ma Degong's returning army at sea, but Ma Degong threatened to kill his mother and brother (Zheng Zhilong). In desperation, he had to let go. Soon, Zheng Chenggong learned of the attack on Xiamen, Guangdong. At first, he insisted on working hard in the south, but in the end, because the officers and men were homesick and cried everywhere, they had to move back to Xiamen. After recovering Xiamen, he was held accountable and beheaded his uncle Zheng, afraid to fight and escape; Zheng Hongkui, on the other hand, surrendered the military power, retired to Baisha and stopped asking about politics.
In May of the fifth year of Li Yong, Shi Lang, the general of Zheng Hongkui, executed Zeng De under Zheng Chenggong, which angered Zheng Chenggong and made him decide to kill the Shi Lang family. Shi Lang escaped with the help of his friends, but his father and brother were executed by Zheng Chenggong, and they formed a deep hatred with him. After Shi Lang fled Xiamen, he decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty again. In the second half of the five-year campaign of Zhangzhou and Haicheng (165 1), Zheng Jun fought in Xiaoyingling and Haicheng (now Longhai City) in southern Fujian, and won the battles of Cizao, Qianshan and Xiaoyingling, and recovered Pingping, Zhangpu, Zhaoan and Nanjing. At the end of the year, Zhang Houmingzhen and others from Dingxi came to take refuge in Zheng Chenggong, which made Zheng Jun's momentum increasingly high.
In January (1652), He Wenxing, the governor of Haicheng, surrendered to Zheng Chenggong. In February, Zheng Jun attacked Changtai, and the Qing Dynasty sent Jin Chen to lead the army to rescue him. The two armies fought at Jiangdong Bridge. Zheng Chenggong, who is familiar with the topography of southern Fujian, arranged many ambushes near Jiangdong Bridge, defeated Jin Chen, wiped out most of the Qing army and won the battle of Jiangdong Bridge. Soon, Changtai was captured.
After conquering Changtai, Zheng Chenggong assembled an army to attack Zhangzhou Fucheng, surrounded by layers. In April, in order to solve the siege of Zhangzhou, the Qing dynasty raised hundreds of ships to invade the mansion, and the attack could be saved. Zheng Chenggong sent more than 0/00 warships from Chen Hui and Zhou Ruihe to meet him. Yu Chongwu defeated the Qing army and won the battle of Chongwu. Zheng Jun won a great victory at sea, so the pressure on Zhangzhou City increased instead of decreasing. However, the defenders in Zhangzhou were also quite tenacious, which made the siege situation last for half a year.
In a few months, the water and food in Zhangzhou city have been exhausted, and countless foot soldiers and people have starved to death. It is said that at that time, the soldiers and civilians in the city competed for food with each other, and even those who had food at home were afraid to cook, because once they were found to have lit the smoke in the kitchen, they would be robbed, and it was even said that some people ate human flesh. In September of the sixth year of Li Yong, Li Jing, the general of the Qing army, led an army of ten thousand people to Fujian and entered the whole state. Zheng Chenggong ordered the lifting of the enemy's siege of Zhangzhou. Zheng Chenggong deployed in Jiangdong, trying to ambush Jin Lijun by defeating Jin Chen, but Jin Liguo was caught by him and the two armies started a scuffle. After losing the battle, Zheng Jun had to retreat to ensure the safety of Haicheng and Xiamen.
In April of the seventh year of Li Yong (1653), Li Jing invaded Haicheng and fought fiercely with Zheng Chenggong. Under the heavy artillery fire of the Qing army, Zheng Chenggong's troops suffered heavy losses and many people will die. When Zheng Chenggong saw that the morale of the army was low, he went to the front and shouted, and as a result, he was also shelled. In May, Zheng Chenggong found that the gunpowder and money of the Qing army were gone, so he lured the enemy to a decisive battle. While the Qing army was crossing the river on a large scale, he attacked gold with fire and won the battle of Haicheng, and Haicheng was safe and sound. After being defeated by the Qing dynasty and the Qing army twice, he sent envoys to make peace in August of seven years. Zheng Chenggong saw that the army was exhausted after years of fighting, and wanted to take this opportunity to raise money to have a rest, so he promised to negotiate with the Qing Dynasty. The Qing court proposed to establish Zheng Chenggong as the Duke of Haicheng, and promised to resettle soldiers for a government (the whole state capital); Zheng Chenggong does not accept such conditions.
In the eighth year of Li Yong (1654), Zhanghouming Town in Dingxi saw that the Qing army concentrated its forces in Fujian, and the defense in Zhejiang and Jiangsu was bound to be empty. So he invited a teacher from Zheng Chenggong, led hundreds of warships to the north and captured the area south of the Yangtze River. The division of the Northern Expedition in Zhangming Town invaded the Yangtze River and reached Jinshan Temple, threatening Nanjing City. But due to the lack of backup, I had to go back to the division. In February, the Qing court sent a special envoy to Zheng Chenggong, promising to cede the place to Xinghua, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou and Chaozhou. Zheng Chenggong refused again on the grounds that "there are many soldiers and horses, and there are not enough places to save." In August, the Qing dynasty sent envoys to discuss; Zheng Chenggong's brother Du Zheng and Andrew are also among the envoys. Zheng Chenggong said that "the Qing Dynasty was not sincere" and that "as long as I am not summoned, my father will be honored in North Korea", and once again rejected the conditions put forward by the Qing Dynasty.
In the eighth year of Li Yong, Li Dingguo, the king of Xining in Nanming, contacted Zheng Chenggong, hoping to jointly attack Guangdong from the east and west, so that the forces of the Ming Dynasty could be integrated; If we go north along the Yangtze River and attack Jiangxi, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces, the great cause of rejuvenation can be expected. Zheng Chenggong sent Lin Cha and Zhou Rui to the Western Expedition, but he postponed his appointment with Li Dingguo for some reason. As a result, Li Dingguo fought alone. Although Zhaoqing was recovered, it was still defeated outside Guangzhou. Li Dingguo had high hopes for the joint Northern Expedition, and even promoted the marriage between Li and Zheng Lian to consolidate the alliance. But to Li Dingguo's great disappointment, Zheng Chenggong missed this great event because of his repeated victories.
In November of the eighth year of Li Yong, Liu Guoxuan, the garrison of the Qing army in Zhangzhou, surrendered to Zheng Chenggong and led Zheng Jun into Zhangzhou Fucheng. Zhang Shiyao, a general town in Zhangzhou, saw that the tide was running out, and all the following officials surrendered to Zheng Jun. In December, Zheng Jun divided his forces to attack and captured five counties, namely Tong 'an, Nan 'an, Hui 'an, Anxi, Yongchun and Dehua, and the army entered Xinghua.
Set up six officials and change the middle and left to Siming House.
In the ninth year of Li Yong (1655), because the influence of Emperor Li Yong and Zheng Chenggong were far apart, Emperor Li Yong specially authorized Zheng Chenggong to set up six departments, and allowed him to appoint official positions, including one military attache and six civil servants. Every time Zheng Chenggong paid homage to an official, Zhu Shugui and the imperial clan of the Ming Dynasty were invited to watch the ceremony to show their respect for the system. Zheng Chenggong also renamed Xiamen (then the center-left school) as Siming House, and built a martial arts school so that Zheng Chenggong could personally supervise the officers and men to practice.
In September of the same year, General Dingyuan of the Qing army and Prince Zheng Qinwang led 30,000 troops into Fujian, and prepared to attack Xiamen with the troops stationed in Fujian. Zheng Chenggong decided to give up the occupied cities such as Zhangzhou and Quanzhou, and tear down the city walls, so that the Qing army had nowhere to camp, in order to consolidate the defense in Jin and Xia. At the same time, the dispatch department will also lead the boat division to attack in two ways, all the way up to Zhejiang and all the way down to Guangdong. It is difficult for the Qing army to take care of both the head and the tail. In the north, Zheng Jun won Lien Chan and attacked Zhoushan. Although Zheng Jun once marched south to Jieyang, he was defeated by the Qing army reinforcements and suffered heavy casualties. In April of the following year, Du Ji mobilized various naval divisions to attack Xiamen, and was defeated by Zheng Jun in the waters around Weitou, and the Qing army was defeated. Zheng Jun won the battle of Quanzhou. In the 10th year of Li Yong (1656), in December, Zheng Chenggong's troops won a battle to defend the national ridge in northeast Fujian.
When Nan Zheng returned to Xiamen, Zheng Chenggong was accused of defeat. Originally, they were going to be executed together with Du Hui, but at the request of people, they decided to behead them alone, and Huang and Du would try to atone. After Zheng Chenggong ordered Huang Wu to guard Haicheng, he also specially told Huang Wu to make contributions by apologizing as much as possible. But Huang Wu knew that Zheng Chenggong had always been strict in running the army, fearing that he would die if he made another mistake, so he discussed with lieutenant Su Ming and decided to surrender to the Qing Dynasty and give Haicheng County. Haicheng is a strong fortress that Zheng Chenggong has invested a lot of manpower and material resources to build for many years. Huang Wu's surrender undoubtedly dealt a heavy blow to Zheng Chenggong.
More than 0/0 years after the founding of the army, Zheng Chenggong's territory was still occupied by coastal islands such as Xiamen and Jinmen. However, Zheng Chenggong completely controlled the sea power, on the one hand, he set up a commercial stronghold in the inland, opened up sources of goods and accumulated funds for trade with foreigners; On the one hand, it is used to recruit soldiers (including Japanese, white, black and other foreign mercenaries) and import weapons such as armor, guns and swords to prepare for military strength and armaments; Hongmen is an intelligence organization developed on the basis of commercial strongholds in the mainland. 1950, in order to commemorate the national hero Zheng Chenggong, Xiamen changed its name to Siming District. The Battle of Nanjing on the Yangtze River lasted 12 years (1658). Zheng Chenggong commanded170,000 navy to join forces with Zhang Huangyan in eastern Zhejiang and decided to launch a large-scale Northern Expedition. Before the army entered the Yangtze River, it was hit by a hurricane in Yangshan waters, which caused heavy losses and had to be temporarily returned to Xiamen.
The following year, Zheng Chenggong led the army to the Northern Expedition again. Together with Zhang Huangyan's troops, they successfully entered the Yangtze River, swept Zhenjiang and Guazhou in succession, won the battles of Guanguan, Guazhou and Zhenjiang in succession, and surrounded Nanjing. Zhang Huangyan department also recovered more than ten counties in Wuhu area, and Jiangdong was temporarily shaken. Later, due to Zheng Chenggong's plan to slow down the troops of the Qing army, he was unexpectedly attacked by the Qing army, which led to the defeat of Zheng Jun and the loss of soldiers, including Gan Hui, Wan Li, and so on. After Zheng Chenggong's defeat, he tried to capture Chongming County as a position to attack the Yangtze River again, but after a long time, he had to return to Xiamen. The battle of Nanjing was the most important battle in Zheng Chenggong's life, but it flourished first and then declined, and ended in great defeat, which made Zheng Chenggong's great cause of anti-Qing suffer fatal setbacks.
In the 14th year of Li Yong, in haimen port, Fujian Province (now Long Haidong), more than 40,000 navy men led by Qing general Dasu were completely annihilated, and the battle of Xiamen was a great victory, which greatly boosted their prestige. Recover and build Bao Dao.
Relan fortress city restoration model
After the failure of the northern expedition to Nanjing, Zheng Chenggong's army was severely weakened and faced with the problem of insufficient military food. In order to solve the logistics supply of the army, Zheng Chenggong decided to go to Taiwan Province. In the 15th year of Li Yong (166 1), Zheng Chenggong led 25,000 soldiers and hundreds of warships, set out from Luowan, Jinmen, and marched into Taiwan Province via Penghu. The Netherlands has two defensive fortresses in Taiwan Province Province, one is Zelandia Fort in Dayuan (now Anping Fort in Tainan City) and the other is Pumin Fort in Chilang, inland of Taijiang River. On the first day of April (166 1 April 30, 2008), Zheng Jun entered the inland sea of Taijiang via Luermen seaway, and landed at Heliao Port (near Kaiyuan Temple in the north area of Tainan City) in an attempt to acquire Provinta City (now Chie Lou in Tainan) with weak defense. Subsequently, Zheng Jun launched a naval battle with the Dutch warship in the waters of Taijiang, sank the Dutch warship hector, gained control of the inland sea of Taijiang, defeated the Dutch army at the end of the northern line, and surrounded the ordinary people with superior forces. Soon, on April 5th (166 1 May 4th), ordinary people were forced to surrender. On May 2, Zheng Chenggong changed Chilang to Tokyo Mingjing, with one government and two counties, and the government was the successor of Tianfu, Tianxing and Wannian counties.
Illustrations in forgotten Formosa
After gaining the civilian fortress city as a stronghold, Zheng Jun immediately besieged Grand City by sea and land. Considering that the salary of 20 thousand people is not easy to pay, Zheng Chenggong does not intend to fight a protracted war. From the beginning, he put pressure on the city of Geran, trying to coerce the Dutch army to surrender. After Frederik Coillette, a senior Dutch official, rejected his request for surrender, Zheng Chenggong ordered a storming of the city of G? ran, but was met with extremely tenacious resistance from the Dutch army, and Zheng Jun suffered heavy losses. Due to the weakness of the storm and the shortage of food in the army, Zheng Chenggong was forced to change his strategy, sending most of his troops to the north and south to open up wasteland to collect money and collect food, in order to solve the urgent need of food shortage in the army, and adopted the strategy of long-term siege of Zhoulancheng.
In July of the 15th year of Li Yong (166 1), the reinforcements sent by the Dutch East India Company from Batavia arrived in Dagong. In addition to more than 600 soldiers and 1 1 warships, reinforcements also brought a lot of materials and gunpowder to Geelan city. At that time, Zheng Chenggong's military forces were still scattered around Taiwan Province to carry out their tasks, and the number of military forces stationed in towns covered by dignitaries and ordinary people was estimated to be less than 3,000, thus rekindling the hope of the Dutch army's counterattack. In mid-July, Dutch reinforcements moored in the open sea were hit by strong winds and forced to leave the coast of Daguan and go to Penghu for shelter from the wind and rain. Among them, the Dutch warship Hourcq unfortunately ran aground, and all the crew on board were captured by Zheng Jun. This change gave Zheng Jun a temporary opportunity to prepare for the war. When the Dutch warships returned to the official waters in August, although Zheng Jun failed to recall most of his troops, he was already ready for the battle. In mid-August, the Dutch and Zheng armies launched a fierce naval battle in the inland sea of Taijiang. Zheng Jun won a great victory, sank a Dutch warship and captured several ships. Since then, the Dutch army has lost the ability to take the initiative to attack.
Li Yong 151February, Hans Juriens Rudd, a German-born Dutch sergeant, defected. With the help of the information he provided, Zheng successfully shelled and destroyed the Utrecht bunker in Gailan City, making Gailan City a foregone conclusion. 1February 8th (1662 65438+1October 28th), a Dutch official wrote a letter to Zheng Chenggong, expressing his agreement to "peace talks". After several negotiations, the Dutch finally succumbed to Zheng Chenggong on1February 20th (1February 9th, 662) and withdrew from Taiwan Province province.
Zheng Chenggong ordered the reclamation of Taiwan Province, reaching Kamalan (Yilan) in the north and Langya (Hengchun) in the south, and then slowed down the expansion due to the resistance of the paunchy Pingpu people, Pabaola people and Langya people. Zheng Chenggong actually ruled from Erlin (now Erlin Town, Changhua County) to Qietong (Jiadong Township, Pingtung County).
After Aisingiorro Michelle Ye became the emperor of the Qing Dynasty, Huang Wu suggested "five strategies to suppress thieves" to the ruling Ao Bai, including a 20-year border removal order to cut off Zheng Chenggong's economic and trade resources from Shandong to Guangdong's coastal area for 20 miles; Destroy coastal ships, and the inch board is not allowed to enter the water; At the same time, Zheng Zhilong, the father of success, was killed in the migration place of Ningguta (one said that he was killed at the entrance of Yanjing Chaicheng, that is, the west entrance of Fu Xue Hutong, the execution ground since the arc period); Dig Zheng's ancestral grave; Resettlement of surrendered officers and soldiers, reclamation of wasteland. Zheng Chenggong heard the bad news one after another, and the Taiwanese soldiers were not acclimatized, and people were in panic. His son Zheng Jing had an affair with a wet nurse in Penghu, forcing Zheng Chenggong to die suddenly in May of the 16th year of Li Yong (1June 23rd, 662). Before he died, he shouted "I have no face to see the underground emperor" and scratched his face and died at the age of 39. Originally buried in Zhouzaiwei, a suburb of Tainan (now Yongkang). 1699 Relocation and burial of ancestral graves in Nan 'an.
Zheng Chenggong's son, Zheng Jing, continued to manage Taiwan Province Province, changing its east to Dongning. According to Chen Yonghua's proposal, the central official system of the Ming Dynasty was transplanted, and the dead Nanming Emperor Li Yong was still a new moon. Later, Shi Lang conquered Penghu Island, so his grandson Zheng Keshuang fell to the Qing Dynasty in 1683. In order to avoid the resistance of Taiwan Province people, Zheng's graves in Taiwan Province were all dug up by the Qing Dynasty and buried in the mainland.
1684 In April, Taiwan Province Province was formally incorporated into the territory of the Qing Dynasty, and it was subordinate to Fujian Province, with Taiwan Government, which governed Taiwan County, Fengshan County and Zhuluo County. Generally speaking, Zheng regime only existed in Taiwan Province Province for more than twenty years. However, due to its special background, historians in Taiwan Province Province, China, Chinese mainland and Japan have paid attention to this and put forward various interesting views.