I. Raw materials and equipment

The main raw material for producing candles is paraffin wax, the auxiliary raw material is stearic acid, and the trace raw materials are beeswax, essence, pigment, metal salt and so on. & ltbr & gt

Second, the production method

Melt paraffin, stearic acid and trace chemical * * * in aluminum pot, and pour it into the machine model which has been coated with oil in advance and equipped with wick. Before pouring, the water tank of the candle machine is filled with cold water to circulate and push it to condense. After condensation, cut the wick.

Ordinary white candles do not need ingredients, and are made of paraffin at about 55 degrees. With the development of science and technology, candles with no black smoke, no tears, no dust, high flame retardancy and high brightness, candles that do not soften and bend in summer, candles that repel mosquitoes, scented candles, craft candles, colored candles and colored flame candles should also be born in the distance.

1. Black smoke-free high-brightness candle: the candle core should be made of pure white cotton thread. White cotton thread is bleached with bleaching powder, and the candle does not emit black smoke after lighting, so the brightness is high. If the cotton thread is not bleached and contains impurities, there will be a lot of black smoke after the candle is lit.

2. Candles with no tears, no dust and no flame resistance: After the bleached wax core wire is soaked in chemical raw materials, the candles made of them have no tears, no dust and no flame resistance. Here are three kinds of chemical raw material formulas for waxed core wires, each of which can be used independently.

Formula one

0.04 part of boric acid

0.64 part of phosphoric acid

0.64 part of ammonium sulfate

100 part of water

Formula 2

Borax 226.8 g

Potassium nitrate (sodium nitrate 226.8g

567 grams of ammonium sulfate

7 kilograms of water

Formula 3

4536 grams of ammonium chloride (alkali sand)

6 kilograms of water

Before making candles, the wax wick soaked in chemical raw materials will burn. It can also be dried in a ventilated and dry place, but it can't be exposed to the sun, so as to avoid the physical and chemical reaction of the chemical mixture and lose its function.

3. Candles that don't soften and bend in summer: Candles made of paraffin wax are easy to soften and bend in summer, and they melt quickly after being lit. Candles made according to the following formula do not soften, bend or burn.

The wax oil formula of this candle (by weight) is 10 paraffin and 2-3 stearic acid. 10 part paraffin and 2-3 parts stearic acid.

It should be noted that stearic acid should not be added too much, otherwise the wax oil will melt too slowly and the wax will not shine.

4. Incense candle: 200 g of B- cyclodextrin, 600 ml of water and 20 g of smoked flowers and plants (which can also be replaced by essence) are evenly mixed, and then stirred for three hours. Take out the inclusion compound, and dry it into powder chemical inclusion compound by vacuum dryer or spray drying at 60℃ (the temperature should not be too high, otherwise the fragrance will deteriorate) (other methods can be used to dry it into powder unconditionally). Store powdered chemical packaging in a ventilated and dry place for later use. When producing candles, the powdered chemical package is put into the dissolved candle-making raw materials, mixed evenly, and poured into the machine mold to make incense candles.

The dosage of powdered chemical package is generally 0-3% of 65438+ candle raw material.

Candles made by this method can still emit fragrance normally after being stored for more than half a year, and emit different fragrance according to different spices used. Because individual and small candle factories have no drying equipment, they can produce powdered chemical packages by indigenous method, which is not effective, but it also has a certain fragrance release effect. Take 100g of B- cyclodextrin and 300ml of water, stir, add 10g of lavender, put it in a pot, evaporate and dry it to powder chemical coating, and then store it for later use. But the dosage should generally be increased to about 5%.

Raw material formula of colored candle

Colored-flame candle refers to a candle with red, yellow, green, blue, purple, white and other colors after lighting. Various metal salts (such as copper chloride, lithium chloride, antimony chloride, etc.). ) emit different colors in the flame reaction, and metal salts are attached to the wick or dissolved in the candle respectively. When these candles are lit, they can produce various brightly colored flames. The easiest way to make colored flame candles is to mix the metal salt and wax that can develop color, and then pour them into a mold with wick, and then use them after cooling. This kind of colored flame candle is simple to make, but its hair color effect is not ideal. It has a small flame with a slight yellow color around it. This yellow flame is the true color when wax and candle core burn. In order to eliminate the interference of this yellow flame, we can use urethane, oxalate or trimethyl citrate instead of paraffin as the main fuel and add some oxidation promoters to the wick. After this treatment, the colored flame candle can have bright hair color and large flame without noise interference. However, the cohesiveness of polyurethane and other substances is very poor, which is not as hard and strong as candles and is easy to deform. Therefore, some higher fatty acids or higher fatty alcohols can be added to improve the formability and shape retention of candles. In order to improve the quality of color flame, candle cores are generally divided into combustion cores and color cores, which are made separately and then screwed together as candle cores. The burning wick has the same material and function as the ordinary wick. In order to eliminate the yellow flame produced during combustion, some oxidation promoters (such as compounds of platinum, palladium, vanadium and other elements or plant ash's soaking solution, etc. ) it should be added. The chromonic core is made of common wick material, chromonic agent and oxidation promoter. Metals such as chlorides, oxides, nitrates and stearates of cobalt, copper, potassium, sodium, lithium, antimony, calcium, barium and strontium can all be used as color developers. In order to fix the chromonic agent, the outer layer of the chromonic core should be coated with a layer of resin liquid. The selected resin solution should not interfere with the color development of the flame core and can burn completely. Generally speaking, water-soluble resin solutions, such as polyvinyl alcohol, can also be used as solvent-based resin solutions dissolved in organic solvents, such as nitrocellulose, polyethylene or their polymers. Dose should be less or more.

operate

(1) preparation of magenta flame candle ① preparation of main fuel x parts of ethyl carbamate, 5 parts of stearic acid and x parts of vinyl acetate-maleic anhydride (1: 1) * * polymer were weighed according to the mass ratio. Mix these raw materials and put them in a beaker for later use.

(2) Preparation of color core: dissolve 12g lithium chloride in X7mL water, add 0. 1g polyvinyl alcohol, and heat to 80 ~ 85℃ to dissolve it.

In addition, dissolve 0. 1g chloroplatinic acid in 200mL water (if there is no platinum salt, you can also choose a substitute, as shown in this paper), then add 5g of fine alumina, add 0.2g of hydrazine and 0. 1g of caustic soda after uniform stirring, finally add 2000mL of water for dilution, and stand for one day and night after uniform stirring, and the precipitated fine alumina is the platinum catalyst powder. 0. 1g of the catalyst powder was sprayed into the prepared lithium chloride solution to obtain a color developer-oxidation promoter solution.

In addition, 7 parts of vinyl acetate and ethylene (molar ratio 1∶3) were weighed and dissolved in 93 parts of trichloroethylene to prepare a resin liquid.

Take No.20 cotton thread, soak it in the above-mentioned color developer-oxidation accelerator solution, take it out, and dry it at 120℃. Repeat this operation for 3 times, so that the chromonic dosage attached to cotton thread is about 2 g/m, soak it in resin solution for 65438 0 times, take it out and dry it to obtain the color core.

(3) Preparation of Combustion Core: About 0.65438 0 g of platinum catalyst powder was sprinkled into 500mL of water, twisted into yarn cores with 30 No.20 cotton threads, soaked in water containing platinum catalyst powder, and then taken out to dry, thus obtaining the combustion core attached with oxidation accelerant.

(4) Making the finished product, winding the wick on the burning wick with a pitch of 25mm, and using it as the wick of the colored flame candle. When winding, the winding direction of the chromonic core should be opposite to the twisting direction of the combustion core, so as to keep a proper gap between them.

Take a section of 8mm (inner diameter) ×40mm glass tube, plug one end and open a small hole in the middle. Let the prepared colored candle core pass through the hole in the center of the plug and then through the glass tube. Tie the wick with a pin at the other end of the glass tube and tighten it so that the wick passes through the center line of the glass tube. After the wick is fixed, the main fuel is heated to 75℃, melted and stirred, and then added into the glass tube through which the wick passes (the glass tube is used as a mold). Cooling and curing, and taking out to obtain the finished product of the colored flame candle. If the candle is difficult to take out, it can be easily taken out by heating it around the mold. This colored flame candle has good shape retention, strength, combustibility and hair color, and the flame is bright purple after lighting.

(2) Preparation of turquoise flame candle

(1) Prepare the main fuel, and weigh X parts of polyurethane, 4 parts of stearic acid and X parts of vinyl acetate-methyl acrylate (molar ratio is 3: 7) * * * polymer according to the mass ratio. Mix these raw materials that make up the main fuel and put them in a beaker for later use.

(2) Preparation of chromogenic core: Weigh 35g copper chloride, 1g vinyl acetate-ethylene (x: 8 molar ratio) polymer and 5mg chloroplatinic acid, and dissolve these substances in 64g trichloroethylene solvent to prepare chromogenic agent-oxidation promoter solution.

5 parts by mass of nitrocellulose was weighed and dissolved in 95 parts by mass of vinyl acetate, which was used as a coating resin liquid.

Soak 0.02g/L polyester thread in the developer-oxidation accelerator solution for a while, take it out and dry it, then soak it in the coating resin solution for a while, take it out and dry it to get the color core.

(3) Preparation of combustion core: twist 18 No.30 cotton thread into core thread, immerse it in 0.2g/L platinum catalyst powder oxidation promoter (the preparation method of platinum catalyst powder oxidation promoter is the same as before), dry it, then immerse it in 52℃ urethane once, and dry it to obtain combustion core.

(4) making finished products. As described above, the colored candle core was manufactured by winding the colored candle core on the burning core at a pitch of 40 mm.. Then the colored flame candle is made by the same method as above. This colored candle will give off a bright turquoise flame when it is lit.

(3) Simple manufacturing method of colored flame candle

Simple molding and main injection methods are the same as above. The difference is that the developer and the main burning agent beeswax are dissolved into one by a simple method. The production method is as follows.

(1) Red-flame candle: Dissolve about 1 ~ 3 parts by volume of lithium chloride in x parts by volume of ethanol, add 5 ~ 10 parts by volume of beeswax when heating, completely melt it, stir it evenly, and pour it into the mold. Take it away when it is cold.

(2) Green flame candle: dissolve about 2 parts of copper nitrate and x parts of barium perchlorate in x parts of ethanol, then add 5- 10 parts of beeswax, melt and mix evenly, and then pour into a mold for cooling.

③ Dissolve about x ~ 3 parts of copper chloride in x parts of ethanol, and add 5 ~ 10 parts of beeswax when heating. Other operations are as above.

explain

(1) plant ash is soaked in hot water, and plant ash can also be used as an oxidation promoter. Soak the core wire in the soaking solution, take it out and dry it, which is the burning core of the colored flame candle. The soaking solution may also be mixed with platinum catalyst powder as an oxidation promoter.

(2) Vanadium chloride and other substances can also be used as oxidation promoters.

(3) In the simple manufacturing method, if you want to make the flame bigger, you can appropriately increase the content of ethanol. In order to make the candle burn longer, the content of ethanol can be appropriately reduced and replaced by ethylene glycol. The content of ethylene glycol should not be too high, otherwise it will be easily extinguished or not easily ignited. The same colored flame candle can be made by collecting the melted wax of this colored flame candle and pouring it into the mold with wick after melting.

Colored flame candles are the new fashion favorites in Europe and America. Liquid colored flame candles can create a warm, romantic, fragrant and colorful atmosphere in various containers. When burning, it gives off bright and dazzling colored flames, warm and affectionate red, romantic and warm blue, youthful green, enchanting and charming yellow, mysterious and subtle purple ... All these have touched every nerve that loves beauty in the world, which is amazing and amazing.

Crystal jelly candles create a burning romantic master, crystal clear. If they are as bright and smooth as frozen and packed in glassware of different shapes, they can be called flawless works of art ... like a rose candle, they are decorated like a delicate rose when standing, and they are like a blooming flame flower when burning, which is very decorative and ornamental.

Aromatherapy candles create beautiful beautiful angels. Aromatherapy candles are rich in appearance and colorful. They contain natural plant essential oils, which give off pleasant fragrance when burning, and have the effects of beauty and health care, calming the nerves, purifying the air and eliminating peculiar smell.

Under the guidance of technicians, the best partner of wax art DIY to show talents can make various wax art products on the spot, or fruit blossoms, or cartoon animals, or figures, or geometric figures ... vivid images and bright colors are incomparable with other materials. Take it home and burn it slowly, and enjoy it endlessly.