Since July last year, Yunnan Province has suffered a drought that has not happened in 60 years, causing serious losses to Yunnan's industrial and agricultural production. "Up to now, the drought has caused 5.97 million people and 3.59 million large livestock in Yunnan to have difficulty drinking water, and more than 3.3 million people have difficulties in living due to drought and need government assistance. More than 85% of the crops planted in autumn and winter were affected, and the grain (summer grain) in Koharu was reduced by more than 50%, and the forest land was affected by more than 43 million mu. The drought caused the direct economic loss of agriculture in the province to exceed 654.38+0 billion yuan. " On February 24th, Yunnan Province held a drought mobilization meeting, and the provincial party committee and government issued an order to take drought relief and people's livelihood as the overriding central task at present, mobilize all forces and resources, and fight the tough battle against drought, people's livelihood and spring ploughing with the most resolute attitude, the most powerful measures and the most solid style.
How should we feel in the face of such a serious drought? On February 25th, the author took part in the drought relief work in Wenxing Township, Xuanwei City, and visited the four administrative villages of Baiyao, Banshan, Di Qing and Maike in Wenxing Township, where the drought was severe. While doing some work within his power, he also caused some thoughts on drought resistance.
First, we should understand and conform to nature and constantly enhance our ability to transform nature.
1, drought is the result of natural laws. Yunnan, located in the southwest of the motherland, is a plateau mountainous province, belonging to the southern extension of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with an average elevation of about 2000 meters. In winter and spring, most parts of Yunnan are affected by the humid southwest monsoon from the Indian Ocean, which should be wet and rainy. However, when the wet wind from the Indian Ocean climbed to the Yunnan Plateau of 2000 meters, the water vapor in the wind had already been "stripped" by layers of mountains, and the moisture content in the air was extremely low, which became "wind burning". When there is no rain, the annual winter and spring monsoon drought is formed. It's warm in winter, but in many cases it doesn't snow or rain. Spring is the deadliest dry season, where "wind-burning" runs rampant, the temperature rises, the land is brown, the dust flies, and the vegetation dries up, just like purgatory. If the Indian Ocean monsoon is weak in winter, the cold current in northwest Asia will leave footprints on the Yunnan Plateau, and there will be several heavy snows. Then, due to the influence of the monsoon, there will be a few snows or a few light rains in the spring of next year (before Qingming), and the drought will be smaller. Therefore, there is a saying that "good snow in good years".
Therefore, the drought in Yunnan is caused by natural laws and cannot be changed by human resources. Every winter and spring, but the degree of drought is different. It doesn't snow this winter, and it is estimated that it won't rain in spring, so the drought is very serious.
2. Drought is nature's punishment for human aggression. Although the drought in Yunnan is caused by topography and Indian Ocean monsoon, there are also human factors. For example, the drought in Baiyao, Banshan, Di Qing and Muge in Wenxing Township of Xuanwei City is caused by human factors. Due to historical reasons, forests have been cut down a lot, and the mountains on both sides of the river are almost bare and there are no trees. Due to the dense population, from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain, the slope of 60 ~ 70 degrees is developed into cultivated land. From a distance, the layers of cultivated land are orderly, which also reflects the diligence and courage of the local people and their hard life. However, in order to survive, cutting down trees to open up farmland will violate the laws of nature and destroy the vegetation ecology, making it impossible for forest thorns on the mountain to survive and soil and water to be preserved. There are also coal mines in Baiyao and Mid-levels, and coal mines have also removed the primary water in the mountains. According to ecological principles, forests are natural reservoirs. As long as there is forest vegetation on the mountain, water can be preserved. Winter and spring drought is coming, so there should be no problem for people and animals to drink water. However, due to the serious destruction of ecological vegetation, the drought degree in winter and spring is aggravated. This is based on the drought caused by natural drought and human factors, which makes the drought in such places more serious. Natural drought is the result of the operation of nature, and drought caused by human factors is the punishment that human beings should be punished for violating the laws of nature.
Survival and ecology should live in harmony, but here they have become a pair of sharp contradictions. In Yunnan and China, this contradiction is still widespread, which will arouse our great attention. There are many droughts caused by human factors. I hope people learn to understand nature, adapt to nature, learn to plant trees, protect the ecology and do less stupid things.
3. Drought is the embodiment of human's insufficient ability to resist drought and provide disaster relief. Man and nature themselves are a pair of contradictions. The struggle against nature has never stopped since the beginning of human history. However, people's understanding of nature is not achieved overnight, and there is also a process from scratch, from sensibility to rationality. The same is true of human understanding of natural disasters. Since Pangu created the world, people began to rely on, use and transform nature. But until today, although people have made great progress and brilliant achievements in understanding nature, there are still many mysteries of nature that cannot be solved.
The drought in Yunnan is very serious, which is mainly caused by natural laws, but it also has our own contribution. Our drought resistance is obviously insufficient and needs to be improved. On the whole, we can't change our direction or reduce the monsoon in the Indian Ocean, or reduce the topography of Yunnan. From a small point of view, we don't have much manpower, material resources and financial resources to build reservoirs and ponds in arid areas to regulate climate, maintain soil and water, and fight drought and disaster relief.
Second, we must emancipate the mind of drought resistance, change the way of drought resistance, and scientifically fight drought and provide disaster relief.
Scientific Outlook on Development was put forward at the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee, and the 17th CPC National Congress clearly pointed out that "in Scientific Outlook on Development, the first priority is development, the core is people-oriented, the basic requirement is comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable, and the fundamental method is overall consideration". Scientific Outlook on Development is the magic weapon to solve the development problem of China, and it is also the fundamental way for us to fight drought and provide disaster relief. In the drought relief work, we should also adhere to the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, emancipate our minds, seek truth from facts, and do a comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable drought relief work.
In the face of severe drought, we should not only adhere to the traditional methods of disaster relief, but also use the Scientific Outlook on Development principle to innovate the methods of drought relief. From the perspective of the whole country and the whole province, drought relief work should be linked with nature, people's livelihood and overall planning, so as to fundamentally solve the drought and let the people live a happy and healthy life.
1, insist on drought-resistant relocation. Relocation and drought relief means rearranging farmers' houses according to natural conditions such as climate, topography and rain, based on the overall situation of the whole country and the whole province, or putting the drought in the same place year after year. However, no matter how much manpower, financial resources and material resources are spent, the drought cannot be fundamentally solved, and farmers in these places can be moved to other places with better natural conditions and can develop and become rich, so as to avoid the drought reasonably from the macro layout. This is the most ideal and effective way to solve the drought from a macro perspective. For example, Baiyao and ban shan cun in Wenxing Township, Xuanwei City, where the population is large, the mountains are high and steep, and the per capita cultivated land area is small, are only suitable for people to live there, not for development and wealth. There are Adu Township, Puli Township, Shuanghe Township and Liu Yang Township in Xuanwei, and there must be many such places all over the country.
The natural conditions in these places determine that even the most basic survival problems must be solved by carrying forward the spirit of ignorance. How can we develop and become rich? Every spring when drought comes, it takes a lot of material and financial resources to fight drought and provide relief for people and animals. With the arrival of summer, heavy rain, flash floods, foundation cracks, house collapses and landslides require more material and financial resources to prevent floods. Drought resistance and flood control every year. These places are still struggling to survive, how to develop and get rich?
Although the foolish spirit is desirable, from the perspective of development and wealth, I think it is better to move than not to move. There are many undeveloped places with mild climate, fertile land and sparse population in the whole country and province. Therefore, from the perspective of the whole country and the whole province, the people in these places should be moved to places where they can develop and become rich through macro-planning and overall arrangement.
In this way, natural disasters in these places are avoided, which is the root of solving the problem. Wouldn't it be nice to spend the inexhaustible drought-resistant funds every year on relocation, returning farmland to forests according to natural conditions such as climate, topography and soil, and what is suitable for planting, or what is suitable for fruit trees and trees according to local conditions and their own conditions?
2, adhere to the source of drought. Where relocation and drought resistance are not applicable, we must adhere to the source of drought resistance. The source is the root of things. Drought resistance is to find and maintain water sources fundamentally on the premise of conforming to natural conditions.
Conform to nature and build a reservoir dam. Judging from the national precipitation, it gradually decreases from east to west and from south to north. Rain is the source of water and the basis of our drought resistance. Rain does not dry, water does not dry. From this point of view, the eastern and southern regions of China, as well as the lower reaches of rivers, can be said to be drought-free. However, droughts often occur in the eastern and southern parts of China, Heilongjiang, Huaihe, Yellow, Yangtze and the lower reaches of the Pearl River. That is, we didn't control the drought from the source and didn't build reservoirs and dams in suitable places, which made the drought happen frequently.
Returning farmland to forests, planting grass and trees, and protecting water sources. There is little rainfall in the north and west of China, and there are still many places where excessive felling of trees or overgrazing leads to vegetation destruction, land desertification and salinization, which need drought resistance. Because there is little precipitation in these places, the fundamental way to fight drought is to return farmland to forests and grasslands or adopt a rotation grazing system, return grazing to grasslands and plant trees to protect water sources. In the Yellow River basin, the state has adopted the method of diverting water from the south to the north, introducing excess water from the Yangtze River into the Yellow River to alleviate the shortage of water resources in the north, which is of course the best drought-resistant method. In southwest China, such as Yunnan, due to its high terrain and special geographical position, a subtropical monsoon climate with dry winter and spring has been formed. These places have high mountains and deep valleys. They are not short of water and rain, but they can't keep the rain. Therefore, we should build more reservoirs and dams, return farmland to forests, plant trees and grass, and maintain water sources.
3. Adhere to the overall drought resistance. Serious environmental pollution and climate warming are also one of the reasons for the serious drought. Therefore, drought resistance is not only a matter of drought-stricken areas, but also a matter of the party and the country, and even the whole world. Drought is only one of various natural disasters, and drought resistance should be linked with fighting other natural disasters. The purpose of drought resistance is to protect people's livelihood, maintain stability, build harmony and let the broad masses of people live a happy and healthy life. Therefore, under the guidance of Scientific Outlook on Development, we should coordinate the relationship between drought resistance and people's livelihood, drought resistance and flood control, and drought resistance and urban and rural development, so that drought resistance can become a part of promoting China's economic construction and develop in harmony with other work of the party and the state.
Coordinate drought relief and people's livelihood work. When drought occurs, the party and the government are the leaders and executors who lead the people in drought relief. In the work of drought relief, we should make extensive contact with other needs that the people may have, and also with the possible negative effects of drought relief. On the basis of ensuring drinking water for people and livestock, we should also consider spring ploughing, fruit tree survival and fire prevention. For example, the Xuanwei Municipal Party Committee and the government put forward the call of "three guarantees" in the process of drought relief (that is, to ensure that no one dies due to lack of water, that no animals die due to lack of water, and that there are no disputes caused by lack of water), which well linked drought relief with protecting people's livelihood, and issued a proposal calling on the broad masses of cadres and workers in the city and people in other drought-free areas to donate money for drought relief; Form a working group to investigate the situation in places with severe drought, find water sources, and help the victims who lack water to transport water (cars, horses and people's backs); Solve the problem of people's water shortage from many aspects and other work such as fire prevention, spring ploughing and ploughing preparation.
Coordinate drought and flood control. Yunnan's special geographical location and high altitude determine its unique climate characteristics, namely, drought in winter and spring and floods in summer and autumn. Of course, disasters will occur twice a year in many parts of the country, especially in the east, south and downstream of rivers. In view of this situation, we are required to give full consideration to flood control while fighting drought, and do a good job in coordinating drought and flood control. It is even necessary to think and act against the season and establish the idea of drought resistance in summer and autumn and flood control in winter and spring. That is, when there is a lot of rain in summer and autumn, the reservoir dam is used to store water for drinking water and spring ploughing in winter and spring drought. When there is no rain in winter and spring, it is the best time to build a reservoir dam. Local party committees and governments should actively plan, organize and lead the masses to make good use of winter and spring to build reservoir dams and prepare for flood control in summer and autumn.
Coordinate drought relief and urban and rural development. This year's Party's No.1 Document clearly stated: "Strengthen the overall planning of urban and rural development and further consolidate the foundation of agricultural and rural development", and pointed out that the whole party should take the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers as the top priority and do a good job in the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. "National investment in fixed assets should put water conservancy construction in an important position. Continue to strengthen the management of large rivers and lakes, and gradually promote the management of key small and medium-sized rivers. Accelerate the construction of large and medium-sized water control projects, do a good job in the construction of flood storage and detention areas and the prevention and control of mountain torrents. " Water conservancy infrastructure work is the work of drought and flood control. In the drought relief work, we should combine the principle of urban and rural development and mobilize cities to fight drought. Units, cadres, workers and residents in the city should mobilize, actively donate money and materials to the disaster areas, and do a good job in the construction of reservoirs and dams in the disaster areas. The ultimate goal of coordinating urban and rural development is to achieve a win-win situation between urban and rural areas, that is, to use the development advantages of cities to help rural drought relief and drive rural areas to gradually embark on the road of prosperity.
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