First, the overall grasp

Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow is Zhang Dai's masterpiece, which comes from the memoir Tao An's Dream written after the demise of the Ming Dynasty. The nostalgia for the past of the old country, with shallow brushstrokes, seems to be seamless, but the author's mentality can be seen from it.

The article first explains the time, destination and weather conditions of seeing snow. The time is "December of the fifth year of Chongzhen", and the author also uses the chronology of the Ming Dynasty, which shows that the Ming Dynasty has never died in his mind. It snowed heavily in the West Lake for three days, and all voices and birds were heard. The vast snow scene made the world look cold and silent. The author chose to enjoy the snow at this time, which shows his mentality and distinctive taste at this time.

Then I described the concrete process of enjoying the snow. Early this morning, the author rowed a boat to the pavilion in the middle of the lake. The word "independence" fully shows the author's aristocratic feelings and unconventional lifestyle, but walking alone in the vast snowy night suddenly feels "a drop in the ocean" (Su Shi's Red Cliff Fu). At this time, the lake is filled with ice flowers, and the sky and clouds and mountains and water are in chaos. Only snow light can bring bright colors. What catches my eye is that "there is only one trace on the long embankment, a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard with Yu Zhou, and two or three people on board." A trace, a bit, a mustard, two or three grains, using line drawing techniques, is like a freehand landscape of Chinese painting. A few strokes contain many changes, such as length, point and line, square and circle, more and less, big and small, dynamic and static, condensation and simplicity, etc. People and nature together form an artistic picture with rich artistic conception. Distant and refined is the spirit of this painting, and it is also

Then, with a change of pen, the author described his adventures in the pavilion in the middle of the lake. It is a miracle to meet tourists here and now. Both of them are "overjoyed" and sigh, "How can there be such a person in the lake?" Every confidant has a thousand glasses of wine, and several people take a swig and say goodbye. "We are both unhappy-we meet each other forever. We understand. What is the relationship between acquaintances? " Bai Juyi's Pipa Tour! When the author writes "two people" and "exultation", he writes that he is exultant and "Yu Qiang drinks three whites", that is, two people drink freely, and intertextuality is used here, which changes the writing style. When he wrote "Ask his surname, he is from Jinling and a guest here", he explained his friend's situation in a hurry. On the one hand, this writing is because Zhang Dai is a man with temperament. What he cares most about is the emotional and spiritual communication between friends, and he doesn't care about secular issues such as identity and official position. On the other hand, it can truly reflect the emotional changes of the author's happiness and sadness. When asking about each other's identity, it is also a time to stay with each other. Fate is not easy to come together. It may be difficult to meet again at this moment. How can this not be regrettable! Finally, the author summed up the full text with Zhou Zi's words: "Don't say' xianggong' and' xianggong'!" Zhou Zi said that the author was "stupid", which reflected the layman's view, but isn't the word "stupid" the most accurate evaluation of Zhang Dai? He is obsessed with the harmony between man and nature and the elegance beyond the secular. The author quotes Zhou Zi's words to praise the word "crazy", and at the same time uses the joy of meeting a bosom friend at the ends of the earth to resolve the faint sadness in his heart.

The full-text style is elegant and smooth, seemingly natural and intriguing. The wonders of the West Lake show their charm because of the existence of the lake, and the scenery and writers set each other off.

Second, the problem research

1. At the beginning of the article, it was said that "a person looks at the snow in the middle of the lake", and later it was written that "there are two or three people on board". In addition, the ship appeared at the end of the article. Is this a contradiction?

This is not the negligence of the author's writing, but intentional. In the author's view, all sentient beings, such as Zhou Zi, cannot interact with each other. Although it exists, it does not exist, which reflects his detachment as a scholar.

2. In writing, as a travel note, how does the author handle the relationship between scenery, narration and lyricism?

Narration is the clue of writing, which must be explained with frugal pen and ink. For example, in the article, "I lived in the West Lake in December of the fifth year of Chongzhen", "Tomorrow, I will take a boat, hold my clothes and fire, and go to the pavilion in the lake to see the snow alone", "Going to the pavilion" and "Getting off the boat" explain the author's travel notes.

Writing about the scenery is the focus of travel notes. We should grasp the characteristics of the scenery, show the most touching places of the scenery and be full of feelings. In this article, when writing a snow scene, the author grasped the characteristics of snow scene at night. A mark, a spot, a mustard tuber, two or three grains are the bright spots in the vast snow scene. The author realized the shocking force behind simplicity with accurate feelings, and the vastness of the universe and the smallness of people formed a strong contrast, so the landscape had content.

"Encounter in the Huting" is narrative, but it focuses on lyricism. I met two snowmen unexpectedly. It was a surprise. The brief meeting was pleasant, and the subsequent parting was inevitably sad, but meeting people with similar interests made him feel relieved. Emotional changes are full of twists and turns, but they are all related to "watching snow" and are an extension of the "watching snow" action. From the perspective of scenery to the perspective of people, people and scenery are organically combined. People's participation has injected vitality into the landscape that may appear cold and monotonous. The integration of people and scenery is the characteristic of this paper.

Practice note

Recite the text and complete the following exercises.

1. What are the characteristics of the words describing the snow scene of the West Lake in this article?

2. The text is concise and simple, without rendering and contrast. This writing technique is line drawing. Appreciate the line drawing technique used in this article.

Intention: Reciting the text is to cultivate students' basic skills in learning classical Chinese, cultivate their sense of language and consolidate their vocabulary in classical Chinese. Finish it in class. 1 The topic is to let students feel the language style of classical Chinese. The second problem is to let students have a thorough understanding of the writing techniques of line drawing. Teachers can not only limit themselves to this article, but also give more examples to make students understand that line drawing can be used not only in classical Chinese, but also in modern Chinese, not only in writing landscapes, but also in writing characters. If time permits, students can also do oral line drawing training in class.

Reference answer:

1. The words describing the snow scene of the West Lake are simple and natural.

2. The sketch in this paper can capture the outstanding features of the scenery and has a charm. A trace, a little, a mustard, two or three grains are highly abstract and summarized, just like the freehand brushwork landscape in Chinese painting, a few strokes convey the shape and spirit of the scenery.

Jiang Xue by Erliu Zongyuan also describes the snow scene and people's activities, and understands the similarities and differences between it and this article in description techniques and emotional expression.

Xue Jiang

liu zongyuan

There are no birds flying over those mountains, and there are no traces of people in those paths.

A boat on the river, a fisherman wearing his webworm moth; Fishing alone is not afraid of snow and ice.

The purpose of setting questions is to cultivate students' preliminary comparative reading ability. This is more demanding than the comparative reading of the Three Gorges. The lesson of Three Gorges is seeking common ground and comparison, while this lesson is seeking differences and comparison.

In the description technique, "Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow" mainly adopts line drawing, and the wonders of the West Lake and the elegance of the Lakers complement each other. Jiang Xue mainly uses contrast, and the scene is set for people. Emotionally, Wang Hu Ting Xue expresses the author's lofty feelings and faint sadness, while Jiang Xue expresses the author's lonely talent.

Third, collect poems describing the West Lake after class and communicate with each other.

The topic aims to broaden students' horizons, understand the culture of the West Lake and improve their interest in learning by collecting poems and songs describing the West Lake. At the same time, I also accumulated some experience for learning Writing, Oral Communication and Comprehensive Learning-How to Collect Information. The teacher can introduce the basic methods of collecting data first. Communication can be carried out after the teaching content is completed, or before class, preferably in class.

Chunti Lake

Bai Juyi

Spring scenery on the lake is picturesque, and chaotic peaks are scattered around the checkpoint.

There are thousands of green hills on the pine row and a pearl in the heart of the moon.

Early rice is pumped by the blue carpet line, and the green Luo skirt shows Xinpu.

I didn't throw it into Hangzhou, and half of it was this lake.

Spring outing in Qiantang Lake

Bai Juyi

From the north side of Gushan Temple to the west side of Jiating, the lake is just level with the embankment, with low clouds and waves on the lake.

Several early orioles raced to the sunny tree, and their new swallows were carrying mud in their nests.

Colorful spring flowers will gradually fascinate people's eyes, and shallow spring grass can barely cover the horseshoe.

I love the beauty on the east bank of the West Lake, and I can't get enough of it, especially the white sand embankment under the green poplar.

Drinking in the lake is clear after the rain.

Su Shi

The water is bright and clear, and the mountain is Kong Yu.

If there are more dead beauties in the West Lake, C+ is so appropriate.

Drunk book in Wang Hu Building on June 27th.

Su Shi

Clouds poured out and poured down like ink, but a mountain range was exposed on the horizon, bright and fresh, and the splashing water was like white pearl gravel, splashing on the boat.

Suddenly, the wind rolled up and dispersed the clouds in the sky. The lake was blue as a mirror, beautiful and gentle.

Akiyama

Yang Wanli

The new five-leaf persimmon is red. It is also Sapium sebiferum and Feng Dan.

Just say that the mountains are bleak in autumn, and the West Lake is embroidered with three or four peaks.

Lakeside temple at dawn

Yang Wanli

It is the scenery of the West Lake in June, which is really different from other seasons.

Lotus leaves will not turn green the next day, and lotus flowers are particularly bright red in the sun.

Topic Lin' andi

Lin Sheng

When will the singing and dancing in the West Lake stop?

Warm winds make tourists drunk and make Hangzhou a continent.

Tidal bore watching

Liu Yong

Southeast shape wins, Sanwu city, Qiantang has been prosperous since ancient times. Smoke willow painting bridge, wind curtain and green curtain, interlaced with 100 thousand people. Clouds and trees surround the dike sand, and the raging waves roll frost and snow, and the natural hazards are endless. The city is full of jewels, and every household in Luo Qi is competing for beauty. Sanqiu cassia seed, Shili lotus flower. Qiang tube clear sky in Wan Li, night, enjoy the lotus. A thousand riders have high teeth. Drunk to listen to the flute and drum, enjoy the haze. The map of the future will be good. I will go back to Fengchi to boast. All the good things are near the West Lake.

Xin Qiji

I pass by the West Lake every day and soak in cold jade all day. Although the mountains are picturesque, it is difficult to paint when you want to. The musical bell is clamped behind the front string, and then broken and restored. At the same time, the lotus was in full bloom and several blue boats flew by.

On the lake

Song Lian

One step at a time for the love of the lake.

The oriole flies to the lake when he sees people.

Topic West Lake fishing boat map

Tang Yin

In the past 30 years, how many times have fishing rods crossed their hands to pay tribute to senior officials?

Where is the beach of Yue Ming West Lake?

Enter the Wulin

Zhang Huangyan

What do you want when the country is ruined? There is my teacher at the head of Xizi Lake.

The sun and the moon hang in the family tomb, and half of Gankun is the Yuejia Temple.

Shame will be divided into three seats with his bare hands, dare to lend one to Dan Xin.

We will gradually drive eastward in the future, and the rough waves will definitely belong to barbarians!

(The above poems are selected from Poems of West Lake, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1982).

Qian Tang Hu Shi Ji

Bai Juyi

A man from Qiantang River went to the lake and returned to the lake for 30 miles a week. There are stone letters in the north and shrines in the south. Where water is used for irrigation, more than 15 hectares of land can be irrigated for every inch reduced; More than 50 hectares can be irrigated each time. First of all, you need to choose two public officials: one in the field and the other in the lake. You can set a date, measure and limit the festival with Hotan households. If the people want water in the year of drought, they must ask the state government to report it to the secretariat, post a post at their convenience, and get water on the same day. If you stay in the company, Fuxia County, Tiexiang County and poor township, after ten days, although you get water, the seedlings in the dry fields can't reach it.

Generally, it is rainy in spring and dry in summer and autumn. If the dam is built in time, it will be a disaster-free year for more than 1000 hectares of farmland by the lake. From Qiantang to Yan, irrigation should be carried out in the irrigation field, and the lake should be put into the river and the river into the field. To use salt and iron to make the old method, we must first measure the depth of the river. After irrigation, the size of the water is repaid, which is often very dry. Even if the lake is not full, it will be enough to build a lake embankment and add a few feet this year, and water will also be added. Take off or lack, that is, it is more certain near Pinghu, and it is more than enough to close the river.

As the saying goes, "it is not good for Qiantang county officials to release the lake." County officials often falsify his words to confuse history. Or the cloud "fish dragons don't believe", or the cloud "fish dragons benefit first" Besides, ichthyosaurs and human life are urgent, and water chestnut and rice beam have more benefits. It is also a fallacy to say that "six wells has no water, Guo, if you put the lake". Moreover, the bottom of the lake is high and the well tube is low. There are dozens of springs in the lake, and the lake is full of springs. Although the lake is exhausted, there are more than enough springs. Before and after, the lake is endless, and the cloud "there is no water in the well" is ridiculous. What six wells City in Guo Zhong and Xianggongdian County in Li Mi did on this day was very beneficial to people. It is connected with the lake, and there is a sinus in it, which is often blocked. It makes sense and is appropriate to make a few observations. Despite the drought, the well is always full.

There are about ten hectares of duty-free fields in the lake. A shallow lake leads to a field, while a deep lake leads to no field. Many people from other places will cooperate with the institute and steal the lake to benefit their private fields. The stone letter in the south is merged with all the small ridges, and the dam should be closed when the field is not watered. After several inspections, there is a small leak, which is caused by waterlogging, that is, it is harmless to steal leakage. And if it rains for three days, it often breaks down, so patrol should take precautions. To its south, there is an ancient coast. If the water soars, it will be discharged without shore. Not reduced, but also in the south of the stone letter exhaust, to prevent the dike collapse.

I have been in the county for three years, and I am still in the year of drought. The interests of the lake have been investigated. Fear of knowing, so the book is in stone; I want readers to be easy to understand, so I won't say it. Bai Juyi, the secretariat of Hangzhou on March 10, Changqing four years.

West Lake July 30th

Zhang Dai

In July and a half, there is nothing to see in the West Lake, only people can be seen in July and a half. People who watch July 30 can be divided into five categories. The first floor is full of boats, flutes and drums, and full of banquets. The lighting is excellent, and the sound and light are chaotic. Those who look at the moon but don't actually see it, look at it. One is also a ship on the first floor. A famous baby is a beautiful girl, carrying a girl on her back, laughing and crying, sitting on the terrace, looking around and looking at those people who are not looking at each other under the moon. One is that boats also sing, famous prostitutes are idle, monks sing softly, and the tube is weak and light, and bamboo meat is mutual. Those who also look at the moon and want people to look at it look at the moon. One is not to sail, not to ride a horse, not to wear a shirt, not to be drunk and not full, to call three or five people, to jump into the crowd, to celebrate, to break the bridge, to make a noise, to pretend to be drunk, to sing in tune, to watch the moon, to watch the moon, to watch it or not. A boat is light, several heaters are clean, tea pots are boiled, plain porcelain is quietly handed over, and friends, Jiali, are invited to sit with the moon, or hide under the shadow tree, or escape into the lake, but people don't care if they see the moon.

Hangzhou people swim across the lake and have returned to their hometown, avoiding the moon as an enemy. This is a good name for the party, which was won by the team. The door army had more wine and more money, and the bearers burned them, and they were listed on the shore. As soon as he got on the boat, it broke the bridge and rushed into the victory meeting. So before the second drum, people preached, such as boiling, shaking, whistling, deaf and dumb. The ship and the ship went ashore together, and saw nothing but the shoulder pole hitting the shoulder pole, and the ship touching the ship, side by side, looking at each other. After the ceremony, the official banquet was over, thieves shouted, bearers called, people on board closed the door, lanterns and torches were like stars, and they all crowded away. People on the shore also rushed to the door one by one, gradually thinning out and disappearing in an instant. When we started boating on the shore, the stone ridge on the broken bridge began to cool down. We sat on it and greeted the guests to indulge in drinking. At this time, the moon was newly polished like a mirror, the mountain was renovated, and the lake surfaced again. The person who sang to it went out, and so did the person hiding in the shade. We were out of breath, sitting together, with rhyme friends coming, famous prostitutes coming, cups and bamboo meat served. The moonlight is desolate, the east will be white, and the guests will be scattered. We went boating and slept soundly among ten miles of lotus flowers. The fragrance was amazing and the dream was very pleasant.

Pan-moon in the middle of the lake

Lin Shu

People in Hangzhou worship Buddha, and June 19 is the Buddha's birthday. On the first day, all the men and women in he cheng went out to make a pilgrimage to Zhu San Temple at night. Some companies can't be banned, so stay in Kinmen and wait.

I was born with Chen, and I rowed out of the city and swam around the lake. Xia Xuan can play the flute, so she plays along.

Five mountains and months, foggy, half of the lake has been rowed. The dark fire flickered, and there were about six or seven people who made a promise to draw a boat. The flute makes a sound in the middle stream, and the sound is thin. If it is swallowed by the wind, it will be miserable, and the lakes and mountains will touch it, which seems to be the Mid-Autumn Festival. The fog cleared, the lake was clear in the middle of the month, and the ship stopped at the Bai Causeway. Jade got on the bridge, played the flute and returned to the moon. Into Liu Yin, dike willow is a shadow, willow is broken by the month. Xia Xuan is wearing a white shirt and standing in the middle of the moon. The cicada touches the flute and the alarm is noisy. The night scene is clear, those who draw boats under the embankment listen to them when they are salty, and those who have songs and harmony. Sun Guyu's continuation of this red cliff.

I read Dongpo's five-line poem "Flooding the West Lake at Night", and the scenery was gloomy. I recall that before the Southern Song Dynasty, the lake was still small and sparse, and I hated the flute in Chibi. However, in tonight's tour, Gu Yu didn't attack Dongpo's ear. It is common for husbands to be followed by strangers in lakes or mountains. I have known each other for more than a hundred years. If there were no attackers, I would rather blame Dongpo.

When I entered the city at dawn, I was eager to remember it.

(The above essays are selected from the Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Appreciation, Rural Reading Press, 1987 edition).

Teaching suggestion

I. This paper was completed in 1 class hour. You can use 10 minutes to let students read and recite the text by themselves and have an overall impression of the text. 15 minutes to discuss the content of the article with students, focusing on understanding and not explaining it too trivial. 15 minutes to deal with the exercises, highlighting the ideological content, writing techniques and language style of the article. Use 5 minutes to strengthen reciting.

Second, the teaching focus of this course is to be familiar with the characteristics of landscape writing on the basis of in-depth understanding. This paper is characterized by the use of line drawing, which is a basic writing method, and can be used to write landscapes as well as characters. Teachers should combine the description in the text that "there is only one trace on the long embankment, there is a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, there is a mustard tuber on board, and there are only two or three people on board" to clarify the characteristics of this technique. In order to facilitate understanding, you can also use the technique of "rendering" to compare.

Thirdly, the teaching difficulty of this course is to understand the author's spiritual world and grasp the relationship between scenery writing, narration and lyricism. In order to break through this difficulty, the teacher can briefly introduce Zhang Dai's experience, so that students can understand the faint sadness in the text, but it is not appropriate to speak too deeply and in detail, so stop here. The relationship between narrative and scenery writing should not be too deep. It is enough to show that the wonders of the West Lake and the elegance of visiting the Lakers set each other off.

Fourth, the third question after class can also be used as preview content, and exchanged before the lecture to arouse students' interest.

related data

I. Reference translation

In December of the fifth year of Chongzhen, I lived in the West Lake. After three days of heavy snow, the voices of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared. After the early morning of this day, I rowed a boat, wore a leather coat and took a stove, and went to the lake pavilion to see the snow alone. The lake is full of ice flowers condensed by water vapor, and the sky and clouds, mountains and water are one integrated mass, and it is white. The (clear) shadow on the lake is only the trace of a long dike, the outline of a pavilion in the middle of the lake, and two or three figures on my boat.

When I arrived at the pavilion, I saw two people sitting opposite. They had already laid the felt. A boy is cooking wine in the wine stove. (They) were very happy to see me and said, "How can you meet such an (elegant) person in the lake!" Take me to drink with you. I drank three large glasses and said goodbye (to them). Ask them what their surnames are and learn that they are from Jinling and live here. After getting off the boat, the boatman muttered, "Don't say" xianggong "is stupid, there are people like you!"

Second, the poem's sketch poem-Reading Zhang Dai's "Looking at the Lake Pavilion Snow" (Wu)

In the history of China's prose, the prose in the late Ming Dynasty still occupies a place, although it is not as eye-catching as the pre-Qin philosophers or the Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties. It is like a cluster of orchids in the crevice of a deep mountain, with sparse flowers and fresh flowers. Although not bright, it has its own lofty and unconventional charm.

Zhang Dai (1597- 1689) is regarded as a "temple army" with high achievements among prose writers in the late Ming Dynasty, expressing the pain of the country's downfall in a light and naive style. Representative works include prose collection "Dream of Taoan" and "Dream of West Lake".

Zhang Dai was born in an official family. He had never been an official before the Ming Dynasty and had been living a leisurely life. After the death of the Ming Dynasty, he took part in the anti-Qing struggle, and then took refuge in the foothills of Shanxi, Zhejiang Province to concentrate on writing. Tao An's Dream and West Lake's Dream were written after he died in Ming Dynasty and entered the mountain. In the book, I cherish memories of the past, reminiscing about the past, and revealing deep thoughts and vicissitudes of my motherland between the lines. He said in "Preface to Tao An's Dream": "Cock crows at the pillow and return at night. I have been thinking for more than a lifetime, prosperous and beautiful, and I have been empty for fifty years. Today, when the millet is ripe, how can we digest it when we drive to the gladiator's cave? Yao Si remembered the past as a book, held it to the Buddha, and repented one by one. " Here we can see the main idea of his writing this book and the reason why he named it Dream. When we read Tao An Meng and West Lake Dream, while appreciating their elegant and beautiful prose images, we often feel that there is a veil of dreams hanging over them, which makes the artistic conception look deep and hazy. This is a shadow cast by history, which reflects the ideological weakness of this late Ming adherents writer and gives his writing style a unique color.

Zhang Dai's sketches are worthy of the name. The long one is only 1000 words, and the short one is only 200 words. The pen and ink are concise, elegant and full of poetry and painting. People often say that prose is poetic, which is quite true; If we compare poems, I think Zhang Dai's sketches are quite similar to the quatrains of the Tang Dynasty. Good at meaning, a few strokes, intended to imply, three sighs, no embarrassment. You can know the taste by eating a spoonful; We might as well choose a short chapter-"Looking at the snow in the middle of the lake" (see Volume 3 of Tao An Meng Yi) and try to taste it.

In December in Chongzhen, I lived by the West Lake.

The first two periods indicate time and place. In the collection, most of the works that I have traveled in the past indicate the dynasty year to show that I don't forget my motherland. It is marked here as "five years of Chongzhen", and the same is true. "December", when it snows in the middle of winter, "I live in the West Lake" refers to the adjacent West Lake. However, the idleness of the first two sentences has caused the heavy snow below and the snow on the lake to have no traces of time and place.

It snowed for many days, and the noise of pedestrians and birds in the lake disappeared.

Following the beginning, only these two sentences, the shape of the lake closed by heavy snow can be imagined, and it feels chilly to read. The beauty of the author lies not in writing the heavy snow intuitively, but in writing "the people and birds in the lake are dead" through hearing. After writing about the heavy snow, there was silence, lakes and mountains were frozen, people and birds were afraid to go out, they were too cold to make a sound, and even the air seemed to freeze. A word "unique" conveys a cold and gloomy feeling of ice and snow. This is a high degree of freehand brushwork, cleverly drawing the majesty of heavy snow from people's hearing and psychological feelings. This reminds us of Liu Zongyuan's famous Jiang Xue: "There are no birds in hundreds of mountains, and there are no footprints in thousands of roads. A boat, a bamboo cloak, an old man fishing in the cold river-snow. " Liu Zongyuan's Snow Map on the River is from a visual point of view. The river is vast, "there are no traces of people and birds", and there are unique fishermen who "catch snow". In Zhang Dai's works, people and birds are silent, but this silence is exactly what people feel, so there are people in silence. Liu's poem is only twenty crosses, and the word "snow" is finally clicked, which can be said to be the cause of the result. Zhang Dai wrote that "three days of heavy snow" caused "all the birds in the lake died", which can be said to be every cloud has a silver lining. They have different mechanisms, but they also achieve the artistic effect of vividly depicting scenery. If "there are no birds in a hundred mountains and no footprints in a thousand paths" in "Jiang Xue" is to render and set off fishermen fishing alone in the Han River; Then Zhang Dai reflected that someone was watching the snow coldly below.

At midnight, I took a boat, holding clothes and a fire, and went to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow alone.

"It's a day", after "three days of heavy snow", it's also a cold day; Those who are "more determined" are also in the early hours of the morning, when the cold doubles. The phrase "holding clothes and holding fire" is used to keep out the cold. Imagine, in the ice and snow where birds are singing and flowers are fragrant, someone goes out late at night and "goes to the pavilion in the middle of the lake alone to see the snow". What a unique loneliness and elegance! The word "Du Wang Xue" can be cross-referenced with the word "An old man fishing in the cold river-snow". Here, the author holds the integrity of ice and snow alone, and enjoys himself. Isn't it unspeakable loneliness? He wants to go alone at night because he doesn't want to see anyone or anyone. Then, in this feeling of loneliness, doesn't it also contain the resentment of escaping from the world?

Please see how ethereal the author writes the snow scene in the lake:

Haze, sky and clouds and mountains and water, white up and down; The shadow in the lake is only the trace of a long bank. There is a small pavilion in the middle of the lake, a mustard and Yu Zhou, and there are only two or three people on board.

This is really a blurred picture of the night snow with lakes and mountains! "Rime" is a description of the snow and water vapor on the lake, which is diffuse. "The sky and the clouds and the mountains and the water are all white," and the words "and" overlap, vividly writing the scene of the sky, the sea of clouds and the lake. The author always writes a sentence first, which is like taking a panoramic view of "white from top to bottom" From the point of view of snow, it accords with the general feeling and impression at first sight. Then, from a different perspective, it becomes poetic close-ups: "A scar on the long beach", "A small pavilion in the middle of the lake", "Two or three people on board" and so on. This is a simple painting, a dreamy poem, which gives people a feeling of being absent from the scene and being in a daze. The author's tempering of quantifiers has to amaze us. You see, the word "one" of "upper and lower white" is confusing and difficult to distinguish, which makes people feel that it is big; The words "one mark", "one spot" and "one mustard" are equally matched, which makes people feel small. This is really a word "one", and the realm is gone. At the same time, from "a sign on the long embankment" to "a small pavilion in the lake" to "a mustard in the boat" and "two or three people in the boat", the lens is getting smaller and smaller until it is minimal. The quantifiers such as "mark", "point", "mustard" and "valley" are as small as one, describing the movement of sight and the change of scenery, which makes people feel that they fell from the sky and were born there, and they can't be shaken at all. This passage is about scenery, but it is not limited to scenery; From this chaotic world of ice and snow, it is not difficult to feel the author's deep affection for life as "Taicang rice".

Make the following changes and open a domain:

In the pavilion in the middle of the lake, I saw two people laying blankets and a child cooking a wine stove. Seeing it, I was overjoyed and said, "There is no such person in the lake!" " Pull me together and drink with me. I tried to drink three glasses of wine and then said goodbye to them. Ask them what their surnames are. They are from Nanjing and are guests in this place.

"I went to the pavilion in the middle of the lake to see the snow alone", but I didn't expect someone on the pavilion to arrive before me. This unexpected stroke, wrote the author's unexpected surprise, but also caused the reader's unexpected surprise. However, the author did not say that he was surprised, but wrote that two guests were "seen in the big pavilion"; The powder on the back shows that his pen is changeable. "There are more people like this in the lake!" Although this miracle was sent to Hongxing Erke, it was actually the author's voice. The beauty of the author is that he didn't say a word, but he "had a good time." The two guests who "shared a drink with others" were lucky enough to meet a bosom friend, which seemed to add a touch of warmth to the cold lakes and mountains, but the sad tone in their bones remained unchanged. It's like Li Bai's "Until, hold up my cup, I ask the bright moon to bring me my shadow and make us three", but it's just an illusory comfort. Those who are "more talented" are just rare. "Strong drinking three whites" is to reward friends. People who are "heavy drinkers" should not drink at all, but at this time, when they meet this person, they have to drink. After drinking goodbye, I began to "ask him his last name", and the beauty lies in his vague words. I just said, "I'm from Jinling and I'm a guest here." It can be seen that these two friends on the lake were originally wanderers from other places, suggesting that it was difficult to make an appointment later. This supplementary pen reveals the author's infinite melancholy: the vast Liuhe, the bosom friend is hard to meet, life is like a snow claw, and in a blink of an eye, things are different. Speaking of which, is it a pity? In our opinion, the article has done this, and it is also complete and flawless. But the author, wanting more, wrote these words:

While waiting for the boat, the boatman murmured, "Stop talking about your Excellency, you idiot, and people like you are crazy!" " ! "

After reading this, I am really surprised! Previous comments on Ci are a bit stained, and this conclusion can be described as a combination of point and stain. At the port of the ship, point out a word "stupid"; In addition, Xianggong's "idiot" and "idiot like Xianggong" are immersed in contrast, and the word "idiot" is written thoroughly. The so-called "crazy as" xianggong "is not to belittle" crazy "of" xianggong ",but to set off" crazy "of" xianggong "in the same tone. The word "muttering" describes Zhou Zi's soliloquy and confusion, such as the people who heard his voice and saw him. This kind of place is also the author's pride and emotion. The literary mood is rippling and the aftertaste is endless.

This article is a mixture of narration, scenery description and lyricism. Even when I write characters, my tone is vivid. When writing lightly, the feelings are deep and long, but the full text is less than 200 words, including punctuation. This alone is worth learning! Of course, we can't blindly appreciate its aloof, self-admiring and passive seclusion, but we must look at it critically and analyze it historically.