1, sudden death symptoms
Nine signs before sudden death
The main cause of sudden death in clinic is sudden cardiac death, including cardiac arrest or acute heart failure caused by coronary heart disease or other malignant arrhythmia. Among them, sudden death caused by coronary heart disease can account for 80%. In addition, some cerebrovascular diseases can also lead to sudden death. Although sudden death happened suddenly, it was actually traceable. People at high risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases should pay special attention to several abnormal manifestations (signs of sudden death) to prevent sudden death.
Flag 1. Chest tightness has recently appeared or worsened.
If you suddenly feel chest tightness after recent exercise, taking a break can relieve it. This phenomenon suggests that you may have coronary heart disease. The sudden symptoms indicate that the atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary artery is still unstable and may rupture at any time, leading to acute myocardial infarction.
If you have occasional chest tightness symptoms in the past, the symptoms will become more frequent and more serious in the near future. It also shows that the previously stable plaque is now slightly damaged and will develop into a large one at any time, leading to the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. In this case, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible for medication or surgery.
Signs two, flustered.
Palpitation is often a subjective feeling of increased heart rate. The irregular increase of heart rate is usually the result of tachyarrhythmia. Most arrhythmias are less dangerous and will not lead to sudden death, but if they are frequent ventricular arrhythmias, there is a risk of ventricular fibrillation.
In addition, the palpitation of many elderly people is caused by atrial fibrillation. If atrial fibrillation is accompanied by heart conduction disease, it is easy to progress to ventricular fibrillation. After the onset of ventricular fibrillation, it can lead to death within a few minutes. Therefore, frequent palpitation attacks should be treated in time.
Signs 3, bradycardia.
The beating of the heart is initiated by specific pacing cells. The dysfunction of pacemaker cells will slow down the beating speed of the heart and even lead to cardiac arrest in severe cases. Pacing cell function will gradually deteriorate with age.
With the continuous improvement of life expectancy in China, the proportion of elderly people over 80 years old is also increasing, and the pacemaker cell function of this group of people will gradually deteriorate and the heart rate will slow down. Older people can maintain a normal life with less activity and slower heart rate, so they are often ignored. Old people should regularly monitor blood pressure and heart rate. If the heart rate is lower than 50 times and the blood pressure becomes lower, it is easy to have a long-term cardiac arrest, leading to sudden death.
Signs four, syncope.
Syncope is an important precursor of sudden death. Most syncope is due to the sudden slowdown or stop of heartbeat, resulting in insufficient blood supply to the brain.
Common causes include sinus node disease, atrioventricular block and vagal hypertonia. Sometimes syncope can be recovered in a few seconds, and if it can't be recovered, it will lead to sudden death. Therefore, we should be very vigilant after unexplained syncope, find out the reason as soon as possible, and prevent the next syncope or even sudden death.
Sign 5. Unexplained fatigue
Without strenuous exercise, lack of sleep or illness, I feel extremely tired for days, weeks or even months, accompanied by symptoms such as anxiety, insomnia and asymptomatic awakening. At this time, you have to consider the heart problem.
Sudden death is not a patent for the elderly, but also happens to young people. It is normal for many young people to bear heavy work pressure and fatigue. However, if there is unexplained fatigue, or accompanied by chest tightness and edema, we should be alert to the occurrence of sudden death, which may be caused by myocarditis or cardiomyopathy. According to statistics, more than 70% of women will feel extremely tired within a few weeks before being diagnosed with heart disease.
Myocarditis is more common in young people. It usually occurs two weeks after catching a cold 1-2, and symptoms such as fatigue, chest tightness and fatigue appear, which is easy to cause acute heart failure. In this case, heavy physical activity and bed rest should be strictly prohibited. Cardiomyopathy is mostly hereditary disease, which is not easy to find in the early stage. When symptoms appear, the myocardial structure has undergone irreversible changes, such as heart enlargement, myocardial hypertrophy, etc., which is likely to lead to sudden death. Therefore, when there is unexplained fatigue and chest tightness, we should be highly alert to myocarditis and cardiomyopathy.
Signs six, black eyes, numb limbs.
Stroke is also an important cause of sudden death.
Some strokes have a sudden onset, and limb paralysis and high blood pressure will occur within a few minutes. In this case, patients can save lives if they seek medical treatment in time. However, some of them are slow and have only mild symptoms in the early stage, and patients don't care. Once it progresses, it may lead to sudden death, which requires more attention.
Especially in patients with hypertension, coronary heart disease or atrial fibrillation, the incidence of stroke is several times higher than that of the general population. If you can't see clearly on one side, your limbs are numb and weak, or you walk unsteadily and feel like stepping on cotton, you should be alert to the occurrence of stroke and see a doctor in time. Early identification can often achieve better curative effect.
Signs seven, pain.
Pain response is the easiest signal to grasp and perceive among sudden death symptoms. When you feel intense, tight, squeezing pain in your chest and feel suffocated, you should be alert.
If heart patients often feel pain in shoulders, neck, chin and arms, it is a signal of myocardial ischemia, because when the pain of myocardial ischemia reaches the central nervous system of the brain, it will be reflected at the same level in the spinal cord segment. Therefore, we should pay attention to these pain transfer situations and see a doctor in time.
The typical manifestation of coronary heart disease is chest pain, which usually occurs behind the sternum. The whole boundary is not very clear, and its area will be larger (similar to the palm area), or it is not clear where it hurts, mainly because of the feeling of tightness and pain. The tingling or "tenderness" of the needle often has little to do with the heart.
Symptom 8: Recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms.
Many patients with sudden cardiac death had recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms before their death, and many of them had no history of stomach trouble before their death, which is one of the signals of heart attack. Gastrointestinal discomfort is due to cardiovascular abnormalities. Blocking the artery due to fat deposition will reduce or even block the transmission of blood to the heart, thus causing angina pectoris.
When the above symptoms appear, timely rest can relieve discomfort, but if it is a symptom of heart disease, the above symptoms will not last for a long time, but will be repeated all the time. Therefore, if the gastrointestinal discomfort recurs, you need to consider the heart problem.
Signs nine, sweating.
Before a heart attack, you will sweat a lot on your body, such as your neck, back, scalp, palms or soles. At this time, you should be vigilant and guard against sudden death. It is best to stop exercising and take medicine in time. If necessary, call 120 immediately.
If you suddenly sweat for a period of time, it is often a signal of heart disease. For women, it feels more like hot flashes or night sweats in menopause, but excessive sweating should also be alert to the signal that may be myocardial infarction from the body.
In daily life, we should not only pay attention to the signs of sudden death, but also pay attention to the high-risk groups prone to sudden cardiac death: first, the history of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and sudden death of immediate family members; Second, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as myocardial hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, valvular disease, fatal arrhythmia, cerebrovascular diseases, etc. Third, there are many risk factors for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, smoking, obesity, and high work pressure.
How to prevent sudden death
In China, 4 out of every 65,438+0,000 people are at risk of karoshi, and the average age of karoshi has dropped from 44 to 37.9. Xinhua News Agency reported that about one person "dies of sudden cardiac death" every minute in China. There are many articles on the Internet to prevent sudden death, so some people think that sudden death can be prevented. However, this understanding is not accurate. If enough preventive measures can be taken to avoid sudden death, there will be no concept of sudden death in clinic.
About 70% of sudden death is caused by coronary heart disease. Through some preventive measures, it can really reduce the occurrence of heart accidents and the probability of sudden death caused by coronary heart disease. But still can't completely avoid sudden death. In addition, there are other diseases that can cause similar situations. Because it is difficult to find abnormalities and have no clinical symptoms before sudden death, it is difficult to diagnose and prevent.
In the face of sudden death, our only way to deal with it is to change our bad habits. It is absolutely necessary to know some health knowledge.
Go to the hospital for regular check-ups. Especially for people with a history of cardiovascular disease, prevention is the first priority, and ordinary ECG examination can find potential signs of sudden death, which is extremely dangerous.
Don't be overtired. Work is very important, but life is the premise. Many cases of sudden death are caused by overwork. It is also important to maintain emotional stability and ease of mind.
Keep exercising. It is best not to exercise in the morning, especially in winter. Cardiovascular diseases occur most frequently in the morning, and more than 50% of sudden deaths are related to cardiovascular diseases. It is best to exercise around 5 pm or 2-3 hours after dinner, but not too much. Just exercise properly.
Don't be too nervous. Keep a cheerful mood, relax the pressure, and don't get emotional and get angry easily in daily life. Because mental stress will lead to high blood pressure, increase the burden on the heart and cause arrhythmia. If you are old, emotional excitement is easy to cause myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage and so on. This is very dangerous.
Avoid smoking, alcohol, coffee and other bad drinks.
Standardize the daily biological clock, go to bed early and get up early, and don't stay up late.
People suffering from coronary heart disease are especially reminded to carry a health care box with nitroglycerin, indomethacin, quick-acting pills and other drugs, which can be taken immediately at the initial stage of the disease to reduce the severity of the disease. In addition, patients with coronary heart disease take 50 mg of enteric-coated aspirin tablets every day, which is also effective in preventing sudden death.
In addition, recently, American Heart Association and American Heart Association jointly published 10 effective measures to prevent sudden cardiac death, which was published in American Heart Association and Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Results.
In the United States, sudden cardiac death is one of the main causes of national death. Even if patients survive, their illness will have a devastating impact on their quality of life and longevity, which not only increases a lot of medical expenses, but also brings a heavy economic burden to society and families. Al-khatib, a medical professor at Duke University in the United States, said that this 10 method is the first comprehensive measure in the field of sudden cardiac death prevention, which will help to improve the care and prognosis of patients. These 10 measures include:
1. For patients who have had cardiac arrest, fatal ventricular arrhythmia or have such risks, it is recommended to quit smoking;
2. Screening the family history of sudden cardiac death;
3. Screening "asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction" for those with obvious family history of cardiomyopathy and sudden cardiac death;
4. Carry out cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator education for the families of patients with heart disease;
5. Implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillator in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and life expectancy exceeding 1 year;
6. Patients with heart failure with decreased ejection fraction need to receive medication recommended by the guidelines;
7. Patients with heart disease with decreased ejection fraction need to receive medication recommended by the guidelines;
8. Before the application of implantable cardioverter defibrillator for secondary prevention, it must be ensured that the patient has no persistent ventricular tachycardia;
9. Suggest appropriate patients to implant implantable cardioverter defibrillators;
10. It is suggested that the first-degree relatives (including parents, children and siblings of the same parents) of cardiac arrest survivors related to hereditary diseases should be screened for hereditary diseases.
2. Ways to enhance physical fitness
Exercise method:
Scientific physical exercise includes the following two aspects.
Follow three principles
Scientific exercise should follow three principles: comprehensive exercise, step by step and perseverance.
Comprehensive exercise, first, let all parts of the body and various systems get exercise as much as possible; The second is to broaden the exercise items and forms as much as possible to develop various physical qualities.
Step by step, that is, the intensity of exercise should be from small to large, and the requirements should be continuously improved on the basis of the gradual adaptation of the body; It also means that it is easy to learn movements and master techniques.
Persistence is to form a habit and keep practicing until your whole life.
Consider five factors
The five factors that should be considered in scientific physical exercise are their own conditions, exercise purpose, activity environment, project characteristics and exercise amount.
1. Self-qualification: There are differences in age, physique, health, personality, technical level, study and work characteristics among practitioners. Only by proceeding from this reality can we determine the appropriate exercise mode and improve the exercise effect. For example, teenagers in the period of sudden height increase can practice stretching more, introverts should participate in group activities more, and mental workers can choose aerobic exercise that can promote brain cell activity and enhance cardiopulmonary ability.
2. Sports purpose: When participating in sports activities, different purposes will lead to different contents, methods and loads. Taking running as an example, if you are ready to participate in the competition, you need to have greater intensity; If it is fitness, low-intensity uninterrupted jogging should be adopted, and the duration of each time should not be less than 5 minutes; When the main purpose is to lose weight, the duration is preferably not less than 20 minutes.
3. Activity environment: If possible, try to exercise in a place with fresh outdoor air and beautiful environment. In addition, it is also necessary to prevent accidents due to poor exercise environment.
4. Choose events: Different exercise events have different exercise values. If you want to lose weight, you should choose aerobic exercise that consumes obvious body fat, such as long-distance running and swimming.
5. Exercise: For ordinary junior high school students, moderate-intensity activities should be given priority to. During the activity, the average heart rate should be kept at about 130 times/minute, the exercise duration should be 40-50 minutes, and exercise 5-6 times a week, so as to obtain better exercise effect.
The above is the exercise method to enhance physical fitness. By learning the above methods, I believe that everyone's physical fitness will be improved. Therefore, everyone must pay attention to their health, take some time to exercise every day and keep a positive and healthy attitude. I believe everyone will find life so beautiful. The above is the exercise method to enhance physical fitness introduced today.