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First, the basis of sand sculpture

As far as the ontology of sand sculpture is concerned, it is a sculpture made of sand, and there is a process of first molding sand (piling sand) and then carving sand. The operation method is different from other sculpture categories, but the principle is the same, so the creation of sand sculpture works must have a certain artistic foundation and a certain cultural background, and have experience in painting and sculpture.

As far as the integration of sand sculpture is concerned, sand sculpture art is a marginal art that integrates sculpture, painting, architecture, earth art, sports and leisure, and outdoor entertainment. This marginality determines that sand sculpture creators should not only have a good artistic feeling and mentality, but also have a strong physique and professionalism necessary for outdoor artistic creation.

Second, the choice of sand for sand sculpture

Sand sculptures can only be made of sand and water, and chemical adhesives are not allowed. Therefore, like other sculpture arts, the requirements for materials are higher, and sand selection is particularly important. The density, purity and viscosity of sand directly affect the quality of sand sculpture. Generally speaking, sand sculpture creation should try to choose sand with high density, high purity and strong viscosity.

Dense sand is fine, sticky, easy to cut and not easy to collapse.

High-purity sand has good water permeability and can make sand sculptures with clean surfaces.

Sticky sand has good verticality, which can better reflect the difficulty and height of the work.

Third, the tools of sand sculpture art

Because of the particularity of the material, the tools used in sand sculpture are different from other sculptures, mainly including carving knives, kettles, straws, glue and other main tools, as well as horizontal plastic rings and other auxiliary tools.

Meat cleaver: mainly used for dividing blocks and sketching details. Hard texture, good elasticity and sharp scraping are required. According to different uses, it can be divided into the following three categories:

1. The main tools used for cutting integral blocks and making bottom walls are military shovels, bending trowels, large shovels, etc. These tools are all existing products and easy to process.

2. There are all kinds of spatulas and scrapers with different shapes (the kind commonly used by oil painters) which are mainly used for local scribing, requiring shape change and flexible use.

3. The tools used for small-scale perforation and sinking are mainly all kinds of special carving knives, which should be small in size, moderate in radian, easy to produce sand and easy to operate.

Sprinkler: it is mainly used for moisture retention, sand pressing, texturing and glue spraying of sand in the production process. According to the size of the area, you can choose a back sprayer and a small watering can, and you can change the thickness of the effluent at will.

Sandblasting pipe: it is mainly used to clean up local small sand deposits during sand sculpture. It requires a moderate length, and the mouth touches the garden and the sand touches the acute angle to increase flexibility.

Glue: mainly used to fix the surface of sand sculpture, such as white latex. It is economical and convenient to spray it with a pot after infiltrating a proper amount of water. However, considering the pollution of glue when making large sand sculptures, generally, environmentally friendly glue with a slightly higher price can be used.

The level in the auxiliary tool is mainly used to control the height, and the hard plastic ring is used to pile sand locally, so as to improve and enrich the height and content of sand sculpture.

Fourth, the production process of sand sculpture

1. Sand sculpture: This is the first step in making sand sculptures. Generally speaking, when the shape is more than 1.8m, sand is piled by template, and when the shape is smaller (generally below 1.8m), sand is piled by hand. The principle of pyramid structure should be followed when piling sand.

2. Cut into large pieces: according to the content of the sand sculpture, cut into large pieces with a spatula, leaving more room from top to bottom, so as to gradually deepen and ensure the firmness of the sand pile.

3. Top-down partial completion: sand sculpture is different from other materials. In order to prevent the sand sculpture from continuing weathering, we must abandon the whole-part-whole production law of other sculpture categories, and take the whole as the center and complete the part at one time until the bottom.

4. Glue spraying: Generally, large sand sculptures completed in a few days should be glued before the end of the day (try to spray water to prevent weathering during the rest time), and small sand sculptures completed in one day should be completely glued after completion, and every small detail must be uniform and comprehensive.

Five, sand pile and template production

Sand piling is a very important link in making sand sculpture works. Whether it is a large or medium-sized individual or a large sand sculpture group, it directly affects the production and preservation of works, so it must be very scientific and cautious.

Due to the limitation of the physical characteristics of sand, in the huge sand group, each monomer or connected monomer must follow the "pyramid" structure. It is this that determines the main appearance characteristics of sand sculpture.

In order to ensure the firmness of the pyramid structure, each monomer must pile sand with the help of templates, and the polygonal layers composed of different types of templates overlap to form a stepped shape, which is not only conducive to compacting sand, but also convenient for sand carving from top to bottom.

Template production is generally divided into two categories: iron and wood. Iron is relatively strong and difficult to deform, but it is not convenient to transport; Wooden formwork is easy to operate and transport, but it needs to be equipped with strip iron hoop and thick metal wire to help fix it. Templates can be stacked into quadrangles, hexagons, octagons, etc. According to needs, quadrilateral is the most common, and the template spacing from bottom to top generally decreases from 60 cm to the top.

Introduction to sand sculpture technology of intransitive verbs

It takes only twenty or thirty years for sand sculpture to develop from a game to a large art. As a new kind of sculpture, most of its modeling methods and carving techniques draw lessons from the techniques of stone carving, wood carving and even clay sculpture, but sand sculpture is only made of sand and water after all. Many sand sculptors and enthusiasts have summarized many special techniques in their long-term creative practice to fully display the beauty and richness of sand sculpture.

1. Punching technique: The greatest contribution of British modern sculptor henry moore to modern sculpture is to make full use of the role of "hole" in sculpture modeling to enhance the connotation and tension of his works. In the art of sand sculpture, "perforation" is often used to enrich the surface of sand sculpture and make the work more transparent. But a little carelessness will lead to sand collapse, and all previous efforts will be in vain, so be very careful. The specific operation points are as follows:

(1), perforation depends on the needs of modeling, but it is generally at the height of sand sculpture and should not be too large. We should fully consider the pressure of sand above the hole and the bearing capacity around it, and pay attention to the radian of the hole, not too straight and too long.

(2) Spray a layer of glue around the part to be punched, especially at the top, and wait until it is dry before operation. If the hole is thick, you need to spray it layer by layer, and then push it layer by layer until it is finished.

(3) Immediately after completion, spray glue for fixation.

2. The expression of lines and points: In any three-dimensional plastic arts, the treatment of lines and points is directly related to the success or failure of the work after the big plane is determined, and so is sand sculpture. The different treatment methods of lines and points directly determine the quality of sand sculpture.

The expression of (1) line: The expression of line can generally be divided into direct sculpture and indirect sculpture in the process of sand sculpture.

The direct carving method is to directly express the direction, thickness, depth, height and density of lines with carving knives of different sizes. Knife should be crisp, neat, natural and full of carving flavor. This method is the most widely used and the ranking effect is heavy and smooth, but it requires the author's modeling ability to be higher.

Indirect carving is to spray a layer of glue on the parts to be carved, but after drying, carve with a sharp knife (such as a utility knife), so that the lines can be cut evenly and neatly. This method is quite powerful, and it can pursue the change of lines in a small range of applications.

(2) The representation of points is mainly divided into digging method and condensation method.

Digging method: it is to dig a hole with carving knives of different sizes but with long blades and long arcs, which should be accurate, crisp and slightly deep, so as to show a strong sense of concavity in the sun.

Cohesion method: it is to make balls of the required size with sand and water, and then embed them in shallow holes dug in advance to make them kiss each other, so that the dots made are simple, convenient and three-dimensional.

3. Sand pile grafting and finished product grafting: Generally speaking, sand sculpture is a subtraction, but in order to achieve rich effects and maximum height, and simple, these two methods are often used.

(1) The sand pile transplanting method is to place a hard plastic ring or box on the existing sand pile, and then directly fill it with sand. After compaction, the hard plastic ring or box can be pulled up. This method can increase the height and details of the sand pile, which is more common.

(2) The finished product transplantation method is to make a small sand sculpture on a hard thin plastic plate, then transplant it into the framework of the completed sand sculpture, and then remove the plastic plate. This method can make sand sculpture look more stylish, thinner and more dramatic.

4. Texture production techniques of water and sand: The surface of sand sculpture is smooth and flat due to the action of brush and water spray, except for a certain knife method. In order to increase the expressive force of the surface and enrich the language of sand sculpture, sculptors often use the interaction of water and sand to make many textures to meet the differences of textures between different objects, which are mainly divided into water-sand cutting technique, wet sand modeling method and dripping sand modeling method.

(1) Water and sediment breaking method: It is a concave-convex shape produced by the concentrated impact of water columns with different sizes and forces on sand piles. The shape is natural and uneven, which can produce many unexpected shapes and increase imagination space and expressiveness.

(2) Wet sand molding method: firstly, spray water on the parts to be treated, then mold the wet sand into one or more shapes by hand or other tools, and then flatten the sand with water to make it more fine.

(3) Sand-dropping molding method: The sand soaked in water is dropped on the required parts of sand sculpture by hand in a controlled way, and the height, size and density are appropriately changed, combined with the turning point of the object, it can also produce real and wonderful effects.

In short, the techniques of sand sculpture should be fully combined with the aesthetic taste of sand sculpture creators, and more personalized techniques that can show the charm of sand will continue to be derived.

Six, the preservation and restoration of sand sculpture

Sand sculpture is called "fast decaying art", which disappears naturally in a certain period of time, just like an ancient castle, which weathered in distant years until it was in ruins and finally returned to nature. Therefore, from the ontology, there are no problems such as deliberately preserving and collecting sand sculptures, but due to the commercial factors of sand sculptures, people still try their best to extend the life of each group of sand sculptures, which inevitably leads to the problems of preservation and restoration.

Spraying glue after each job is the key to sand sculpture preservation, so the following points should be paid attention to when spraying glue:

1, before spraying glue, spray the whole sand pile with a sprayer to let the glue penetrate quickly and evenly.

2. Glue spraying should be uniform, meticulous and sufficient, and no details should be missed, so as to avoid a little leakage, rapidly expand the weathered area and cause sand leakage until it is damaged.

3. Mix the glue for glue spraying with water at the ratio of 1: 4, and put it into a professional large sprayer for glue spraying.

4. If the weather changes greatly, you can spray it several times when the weather is fine to increase the firmness.

After a few days of sand sculpture, local damage usually occurs. It will be repaired in time at this time. The repair of small areas usually includes the following steps:

1. Clean the damaged part carefully first, and then spray water on the surface to be repaired and its surroundings with a sprinkler to soften the sand layer with glue on the surrounding surface and flatten it carefully. In order to make the repair firm, dig the sand in the damaged part deeper.

2. Connect with wet sand layer by layer until the required height is reached. This step is very important. Be sure to spray water at the same time, protect it with your hands and master the strength of the master.

3, according to the original style modeling, carving again, after the completion of spraying glue.

Seven. Conception and design of sand sculpture works

1, determine the creative theme.

Any kind of artistic work has a certain creative theme, and the creative theme is the soul of the work. Sand sculpture works should have a distinct creative theme from conception to design, and any single content and combination should serve the theme and unfold slowly in the sight of visitors. Different from serious art, sand sculpture art is more marginal, so it has greater inclusiveness and diversity, huge volume and strong visual impact, which makes sand sculpture art have unique narrative function and span. It can connect east and west, ancient and modern, history and reality, and create fairy tales of sand.

2. Effect of the theme

When the theme of a group of large-scale combined sand sculptures is determined, the next step is to determine the size of the site, the route of the visit, the size, density, height, water source and power supply of each room. All these should conform to the principle of beauty, taking into account the convenience, effectiveness and safety of medical treatment.

In order to vividly reflect the overall scale of the theme, make it be applied to publicity and investment promotion as soon as possible, and play a leading role with the cooperation of sculptors, it is necessary to draw an effect diagram reflecting the theme (see figure), and the specific steps are as follows:

(1). Take the entrance direction as the front, establish each monomer position and look down.

(2), draw a detailed color effect diagram of each monomer, the general method is to talk about color with a pen, or heavy color block method.

(3), according to the original position size and height, computer synthesis and match with environmental effect diagram and brief text description.

3. Physical structure diagram of the work

If the effect diagram of a work is an image interpretation of the creative theme, then the physical structure diagram of each work is the image embodiment of each individual operation. This is also a very important link, and it is very hard work for designers. It needs not only the principle of sand sculpture, but also the theme and aesthetic feeling of monomer. In a design drawing, it not only reflects the size and number of layers of the sand pile template, but also reflects the specific orientation of each part of the template. This is a bridge between designers, sand workers and sculptors (see photo). Of course, for some sculptors' personal exhibitions or competitions, the structural drawings of the works are all completed by the sculptor according to the established theme, which can better reflect the sculptor's personality and make the sculpture more active and cool.

4. Types of works suitable for expressing sand

Sand sculpture art is developed from games, which makes it very entertaining and popular. Sand sculpture art has all the characteristics of popular art and can directly intervene in contemporary consumer culture. Therefore, artists can express their understanding of contemporary culture here, tourists can find fun in games and viewing, and businesses can find unlimited business opportunities here. All these make the types of sand sculptures must be concrete, popular, serialized and themed.

(1) concretization means that the content of sand sculpture must be based on identifiable concrete images.

(2) Popularization means that the image of sand sculpture should be easy to understand, whether it is historical figures, fairy tales, fairy tales, or scenic buildings at all times and in all countries. , must be widely circulated and catchy. But against vulgarization.

(3) Serialization means that sand sculptures must have the same characteristics in form. Such as "eight wonders of the world".

(4) Themization means that the content of sand sculpture must have a healthy and positive theme. For example, "human love" and "Silk Road" are all good topics.