Black holes are celestial bodies existing in space in modern general relativity. The gravity of a black hole is so great that the escape velocity in the event horizon is greater than the speed of light. Do you know what is the biggest black hole in the world? Let me answer your question.
The biggest black hole in the universe is a huge double black hole system discovered by Finnish scientists. Its volume is equivalent to the entire galaxy, and its mass is 65.438+0.8 billion times that of the sun!
According to foreign media reports, Finnish scientists have recently discovered a huge double black hole system. After research, scientists found that this is the largest black hole in the universe at present. Its volume is equivalent to that of the entire galaxy, and its mass is1800 million times that of the sun!
The largest black hole in the universe is six times that recorded by astronomers before. It is 3.5 billion light years away from the earth and formed in the center of OJ287 quasar. It is reported that quasars are very bright stars, which emit a lot of radiation after continuously spiraling into a big black hole.
The largest black hole in the universe
Schwarzschild black hole is the so-called "ordinary black hole". It evolved directly from a larger star. When the star reaches the later stage, the nuclear fuel is exhausted, the radiation pressure drops sharply, and the star collapses under its own gravity. If the mass of the sun is more than three times, its product is a black hole. In space, there are many such black holes, and their maximum mass is generally not more than 50 times that of the sun.
The largest black hole in the universe discovered in 2009
In 2009, astronomers discovered the largest cosmic black hole to date. The mass of a black hole is 64 billion times that of the sun. After computer reconstruction of the image information taken by the astronomical telescope, scientists found that the size of the black hole was 2-3 times larger than originally predicted. The black hole is located in the core area of M87 supermassive galaxy, but unlike the black hole in our galaxy, this supermassive black hole is not located in the center of M87 supermassive galaxy. According to astronomical principles, the mass and volume of black holes in larger galaxies should be correspondingly larger, and there are so many super-large galaxies near our Milky Way. It should be only a matter of time before we find bigger black holes in other galaxies.
Scientists in China have discovered the largest black hole in the universe.
China's research team discovered the brightest quasar in the universe, the central black hole with the largest mass. It is a super black hole and the brightest celestial body in the early universe, and it is also the only quasar discovered by a 2-meter telescope in the early universe.
This latest research result was published in the international top scientific journal Nature published on February 26th, 20th1May. Dr BramVenemans of the Max Planck Institute of Astronomy in Germany published a summary together with The Beast in the Young Universe. Academician Chen Jiansheng of the National Astronomical Observatory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences believes that this work is "based on small and medium-sized astronomical equipment in China, and it is gratifying to find the brightest celestial body in the distant universe so far". CNN and Reuters reported the discovery.
Quasars are a special celestial body discovered in 1963. They are named after "star-like celestial bodies", but they are actually distant celestial bodies with huge energy outside the Milky Way. At its center is a supermassive black hole with a mass of more than 10 million suns, which violently devours the surrounding materials. Although these black holes themselves do not emit light, due to their strong gravity, the surrounding materials release huge energy in a way similar to "friction heat generation" in the process of rapidly falling into black holes, making quasars the most dazzling celestial bodies in the universe.
At present, astronomers have discovered more than 200,000 quasars through large-scale sky surveys. They were distributed in 700 million years after the Big Bang, and the corresponding cosmological redshift was between 7.085 and 0.05. Through the study of high redshift quasars, people can trace back to the structure and evolution of the early universe. However, high redshift quasars are too far away from us, which makes them not bright on the earth. Although their energy is huge, their number is relatively small. Among the more than 200,000 quasars discovered, there are only about 40 quasars with a distance of more than 65.438+027 billion light years.
In recent years, the research team led by Wu, a professor in the Department of Astronomy of Peking University Institute of Physics and deputy director of the Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, has developed an effective method for selecting quasars with red shift greater than 5 based on astronomical photometry data in optical and infrared bands. Many quasars with high red shift have been found by using spectral observation of multiple telescopes, among which the quasars with the highest red shift are SDSSJ0 100+2802.
Its first optical band spectrum was taken with a 2.4m telescope in Lijiang, Yunnan on February 29th, 2003. Wu et al. preliminarily determined that it is a quasar with a redshift greater than 6.2. Later, together with astronomers from the United States, Chile and other countries, they further confirmed that it is a quasar with a red shift of 6.3 by using foreign multi-mirror telescopes, binoculars, Magellan telescopes and Gemini telescopes. Using the observed spectral data, they estimate that the luminosity of this quasar is more than 430 trillion times that of the sun and 7 times brighter than the farthest quasar currently known. The mass of its central black hole reaches 65.438+0.2 billion solar mass, which is the quasar with the highest luminosity and the largest black hole mass among the known high red-shift quasars.
Professor Wu, the first author of the paper and correspondent, said: "This quasar is very special. We were very excited when we found that there was such a quasar with such a large central black hole and such a high luminosity in BIGBANG 900 million years later. It is like the brightest lighthouse in the distant night sky, and its dazzling light can help us understand a lot of information about the early universe that we could not understand before. Its huge black hole quality also poses a huge challenge to the existing theory of the formation and growth of black holes in the early universe. "
Wang, the co-author of the paper and a doctoral student in Peking University, said: "This quasar was first discovered by using the 2.4m optical telescope in Lijiang, Yunnan, China, and it is also the only distant quasar with a redshift of more than 6 in the world. We are particularly proud of this! "
Professor Fan Xiaohui, the co-author of the paper and a famous astronomer in China from the University of Arizona and the Peking University Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, added, "The discovery of this extremely bright quasar strongly restricts the theoretical model of black hole growth in the early universe, supports the view that black holes grow faster than galaxies in the early universe, and provides a special laboratory for studying the formation and evolution of black holes and galaxies in the early universe in the future."
It is understood that the research team will use a number of large international astronomical telescopes, including the Hubble Space Telescope, to carefully track this special distant quasar, hoping to reveal more scientific mysteries related to it.
Commenting on this discovery, Academician Chen Jiansheng said: "Astronomers in China can discover celestial bodies with a domestic 2m telescope, which usually requires a10m telescope internationally, which shows that astronomers in China are full of innovative ideas. However, because there are no large telescopes in China, the further research depends on foreign large telescopes. China's participation in the construction of the next-generation international 30-meter-caliber giant telescope is very necessary for the future development of astronomy in China. "
How terrible is the biggest black hole in the universe?
Black hole is a celestial body with strong gravitational field and the highest density in the universe.
At present, the mass of the largest black hole in the universe discovered by human beings is 66 billion times that of the sun, and it is located in the center of the quasar TON6 18, and is away from the earth 104 billion light years.
According to Hawking's conjecture, there is a singularity in the center of a black hole, which is infinitely small in volume, infinitely large in density and infinitely large in curvature of spacetime.
There is an event horizon around the black hole. Because of the strong gravity of the black hole, the escape speed in the event horizon is greater than the speed of light. However, nothing in the universe can move faster than the speed of light, which means that black holes can devour all the matter falling into the event horizon.
Black holes are not picky eaters at all. Planets, stars and neutron stars are just food in front of black holes. Moreover, heavy black holes basically only eat and don't pull, and they will only get fatter and fatter. Only those small black holes will evaporate in a short time.
For this reason, scientists divide black holes into different grades according to their weight, that is,
Micro black hole:
This is an extremely tiny black hole, also known as quantum black hole or mini black hole. Theoretically, the lower mass limit of this black hole is Planck mass. Because it is a quantum black hole, it is very different from ordinary black holes. Although micro black holes have not been found, scientists believe that they exist.
Stellar black holes:
This is what we usually call a black hole, and its mass is equivalent to that of a star. When a star is dying and the remaining core mass is more than three times the mass of the sun, it will collapse into a star-level black hole.
Medium mass black hole:
The mass is generally between 10065438+ million times the mass of the sun. According to relevant theories, this kind of black hole is generally the level that a star-level black hole reaches after eating too much and gaining weight. Surprisingly, scientists have only found a few such black holes in the universe.
Supermassive black holes:
It is a black hole, the mass is 654.38+ million times that of the sun, and there is no upper limit on the mass. This kind of black hole is generally located in the center of the galaxy and is very important for the formation of the galaxy. There is a supermassive black hole in the center of the Milky Way. The black holes in TON6 18 belong to supermassive black holes.
Black holes are usually the result of gravitational collapse of celestial bodies, and massive stars will become black holes after death. However, supermassive black holes like TON6 18 are not directly formed by the collapse of stars, but grow by constantly swallowing other substances and merging with other black holes.
The greater the mass of the black hole, the stronger the gravitational field and the larger the radius of the horizon. The horizon radius of TON6 18 black hole has reached 192 billion kilometers, which is about 27,600 times the radius of the sun. In terms of volume, its volume is 4.2 million times that of the largest known star shield UY in the universe.
According to scientists' speculation, quasars are supermassive black holes at the center of active galactic nuclei, and their light comes from the light released by accretion disks of these black holes. If there were no accretion disks, black holes would become invisible celestial bodies. Quasar TON6 18 is one of the brightest objects in the universe. Its luminosity is 140 trillion times that of the sun, so we can see it at10 billion light years away.
Although quasars are much smaller than galaxies, they release thousands of times as much energy as galaxies, so they are very bright. This is because there is a supermassive black hole in the center of TON6 18. Because the black hole is very massive, it has an accretion disk about one light-year wide.
The accretion disk is formed by the matter around the black hole being attracted, torn up and moving around the black hole at high speed by the strong gravity of the black hole, which will release huge energy in the process.
Although TON6 18 is huge, even if it is given enough time, its mass cannot grow indefinitely, and it will devour the whole galaxy at most. Because the expansion of the universe is accelerating, galaxies are not only far apart, but also far away from each other. But even so, black holes are still the scariest known existence in the universe.
Ten black holes in the universe
Ten black holes in the universe:
1, the most massive "super black hole"
One of them is located 320 million light-years away in NGC3842 galaxy. This galaxy is the brightest object in Leo. Observations by Keck and other telescopes confirm that the black hole in NGC3842 is 9.7 billion times the mass of the sun. Another black hole is located in NGC4889 galaxy, about 335 million light years away. It is the brightest object in the late constellation. Its black hole mass is equal to or greater than this.
2. The fastest rotating black hole
Black holes usually rotate at an unusual speed and affect the structure of the space around them. A black hole named GRS1915+105 is located about 35,000 light-years away from the constellation aquila and rotates at a speed of 950 revolutions per second. It shows how the space-time around a black hole changes with or without rotation. The white area of non-rotating black holes is larger, while the white area of right-handed black holes is smaller. It can be seen that the gas in a rotating black hole can be very close to the horizon, so the half-life is very small.
3. Typical medium-mass black hole
Scientists believe that the quality of black holes can be divided into three grades: massive black holes, medium-sized black holes and small black holes. Of course, there is a black hole with millions or billions of times the mass of the sun lurking in almost every galactic nucleus, and the mass of a smaller black hole can reach several times that of the sun. At the center of the Milky Way, scientists believe that there is a black hole with a mass more than 4 million times that of the sun. A strange X-ray source with a period of 1 15.5 days was found in NGC5408 by the swiftX-ray astronomical observation satellite of NASA.
4. roaming in the black hole of the universe
When galaxies collide, black holes will be kicked out of galaxies in the collision and begin to roam in space. The first roaming black hole discovered by scientists was named SDSSJ0927+2943. Its mass is about 600 million times that of the sun, drifting at a speed of 5.9 million miles per hour. Researchers speculate that hundreds of wandering black holes may drift into the Milky Way. This picture shows an artist's point of view. A wandering black hole passes through a globular cluster.
5. "Smart" black holes
Although their gravity can prevent light from escaping, black holes can form the core structure of quasars, which are the most powerful and dynamic objects in the universe. This photo shows the quasar 3C273 photographed by Hubble Space Telescope in 2003. This image describes some key information of quasars in detail. As can be seen from the picture, the brighter light in the middle.
6. The oldest black hole
Scientists have discovered the oldest black hole Ulasj1120+0641. It was born 770 million years after the Big Bang, which is thought to have happened 654.38+03.7 billion years ago. Therefore, this black hole can be called the oldest black hole. This picture is the artist's view of the black hole Ulasj1120+0641,which is 2 billion times the mass of the sun. It is also the farthest and brightest quasar found in the early universe.
7. Magic bullets shoot at black holes.
Scientists have found that this black hole named H 1743-322 seems to be firing bullets in this direction. The high-speed matter ejected from the black hole is ionized gas mass, which is ejected in the opposite direction on the accretion disk of the black hole, similar to the "hiccup" of the black hole. Researchers believe that the ionized gas released by black holes can affect the stars and planets in galaxies, and may even affect the electromagnetic environment in galaxies.
8. Eat "black holes"
NGC3393 has two very active black holes. Scientists believe that two smaller black holes merged. Two black holes are too close together, and one of them is devouring the core material of the other galaxy. This is the first time that two black holes have merged. Researchers used NASA's Chandra X-ray space telescope to detect two black holes, one of which is 30 million times the mass of the sun.
9. The smallest black hole in the universe
So far, scientists have found that the smallest black hole is less than three times the mass of the sun. It can be described as a "cosmic monster." This black hole named IGRJ 1709 1-3624 is close to the theoretical minimum mass of a black hole. Although their mass is relatively small, NASA's Chandra X-ray Space Telescope can detect extremely fast jets, which are the fastest among all stellar black holes, and the speed is equivalent to 3% of the speed of light, or 20 million miles per hour, or about 32 million kilometers.
10, the plane of the black hole
Because black holes are too far away from the earth, it is difficult for scientists to collect key clues to help researchers solve many mysteries surrounding them. However, researchers are busy solving the mysterious properties of flat black holes. Black holes have a strong attraction. Light cannot escape. If matter falls into the horizon, it will be attracted by black holes. Scientists used "optical fiber" to create an artificial horizon in the laboratory to study how the so-called Hawking radiation escaped from the black hole.
What is the biggest black hole in the universe so far?
There are always unsolved mysteries in the universe. Scientists have been studying the universe. There are many black holes in the universe, so do you know what is the biggest black hole in the universe? It is said that Finnish scientists made a major breakthrough in studying the largest black hole in the universe, and then they discovered the largest black hole in the universe. The mass is1800 million times that of the sun!
Ton6 18, the largest black hole in the universe
There are many different black holes in the universe. What is the biggest black hole in the universe? It's Ton6 18. Finnish scientists have discovered a huge double black hole system. Through research, it is found that this is the largest black hole in the universe, and its mass is 65.438+0.8 billion times that of the sun!
In fact, as early as 2008, Finnish astronomers discovered the largest black hole in the universe. After data simulation, how big is the largest black hole in the universe discovered so far? It can only be said to be infinite. Its mass is 65.438+0.8 billion times that of the sun, and its volume is equivalent to the whole galaxy. If the Milky Way is close to the largest black hole in the universe, it is enough to devour the whole Milky Way. Primitive black holes, artificial black holes are too weak!
The harm of giant black holes
One of the terrible things about the existence of the largest black hole in the universe is its great gravity. It is difficult for ordinary black holes to understand its gravity, and the existence of supermassive black holes is even more terrible. The gravity of supermassive black holes is enough to tear apart the composition of galaxies in an instant.
In a galaxy that is about to form a star, a huge black hole will cause the galaxy where the star is located to stop the formation of the star. In other words, giant black holes may cause stars to become infertile. If it is a normal star, the star will split in an instant.
Which is the biggest black hole in the universe?
It could be the universe itself.
There are various forms of black holes, ranging from "quantum black holes" whose basic particle size and mass are only a few hundred thousand tons, to stellar black holes and giant black holes in the center of galaxies.
Theoretically, a black hole is not necessarily a point with infinite density, as long as its relative density generates enough gravity to "trap" light. Theoretically, the average density of a galaxy-sized black hole is even smaller than that of water.
According to this calculation, according to the average density of Hubble volume, it is likely that light can also be captured. In this way, if our universe has a positive curvature distribution, it is very likely that our universe itself is a huge black hole.
How big is the biggest black hole in the universe? Why is it creepy?
Black hole is an ultra-high density celestial body in modern general relativity. It is named a black hole because it is similar to a black body in thermodynamics that does not reflect light at all. Finnish scientists have discovered a huge double black hole system in the universe. Through research, it is found that this is the largest black hole that can be observed in the universe at present, and its mass is 65.438+096 billion times that of the sun! Black holes are produced by the gravitational collapse of very massive stars after the fuel of nuclear fusion reaction is exhausted. Black holes can swallow up any matter and radiation that enters the horizon of black holes, even the fastest light can't escape?
Black holes are almost invisible. A black hole is a place where space-time breaks in the universe, and nothing can escape its gluttony. Therefore, if there is a black hole near our planet, it is undoubtedly creepy and frightening. Nothing can escape the gravity of a black hole, and light is no exception. Therefore, ordinary optical telescopes can't directly observe black holes, but astrophysicists can detect black holes through torn star matter and its surrounding energy flow. Gas particles form a vortex around the black hole and emit powerful X-rays. Only these clues can be used to observe the mass and size of black holes.
Black holes can stop time. Assuming that you can be safely in a black hole and observe the objects around you, you will find that the objects will slow down and freeze in time when crossing the horizon, as if they had never crossed the horizon. This is due to the distortion of time and space, and the time for light to reach your eyes becomes infinite. As time goes on, the light wave becomes longer and longer, the light becomes darker and darker, and finally becomes infrared radiation and radio waves, and disappears into the field of vision. ?
A black hole will attract anything near it. Due to the huge gravity of black holes, black holes can pull objects, including light, at an extremely fast speed. But it's all because of gravity. According to the formula of universal gravitation, if the sun is replaced by a black hole with the same mass, everything in the solar system will run as usual.