Physiological changes of the causes of emaciation in the elderly

① Part or all of the teeth of the elderly fall off, and the chewing function is weakened;

(2) The number of taste buds in the elderly is obviously reduced, the sense of taste is reduced, the sensitivity to food stimuli is reduced, and the appetite is reduced;

③ The esophageal, gastric and intestinal mucosa of the elderly become thinner and muscle fibers atrophy, which is prone to a series of diseases such as reflux esophagitis, gastroptosis, constipation and dyspepsia, which further affects the nutrient intake of the elderly;

④ The secretion of digestive juice decreased and the digestive function decreased in the elderly. About 40% of the elderly suffer from dry mouth due to reduced saliva secretion, which not only affects the self-cleaning function of the mouth and the digestion of starch, but also increases the risk of oral infection or ulcer.

⑤ The number of small intestinal epithelial cells in the elderly decreased, villi activity weakened, blood vessels in the intestinal wall hardened, and blood supply in the small intestine decreased, which mainly showed that the absorption of calcium, iron, vitamin B 1, vitamin B 12, vitamin A, carotene, folic acid and fat decreased, and the risk of nutritional deficiency increased.

Mental factors

Old people often feel lost because of retirement, or depressed because of unhappy events such as widowhood, loneliness or unfilial children, which leads to loss of appetite and digestive dysfunction.

chronic ailment

Elderly people with chronic diseases should limit their intake of certain nutrients. In the case of chronic diseases, the metabolic products of the body will aggravate the progress of the disease, and it is necessary to limit the intake of certain nutrients, such as protein in patients with chronic kidney disease and fat in patients with liver disease.

Long term drug therapy

Long-term medication affects the absorption of nutrients. Old people often take a variety of drugs because of various diseases. Long-term medication will affect their appetite and absorption of various nutrients.

There are two dietary principles in the diet of the overweight elderly: First, the energy intake must be enough, and the amount of food per meal should not be too small. Only when energy intake is greater than consumption will weight gain; Second, it contains enough protein. Muscle synthesis depends on protein, especially high-quality protein. Usually, you should eat more food rich in high-quality protein.

Generally speaking, the thinness of the elderly is often related to family eating habits, and it is often difficult for them to correct themselves. If you want to treat sarcopenia, you must ask a nutritionist for guidance, because not all protein you eat can grow muscles, and the amount, timing and types of food you eat are also particular, which requires the scientific proportion of experts. Three meals a day should be a balanced diet. Carbohydrate, protein and fat are essential, and vitamins and various trace elements are also included.

Misunderstanding of health care for the elderly: poor food.

In life, many old people like to blanch vegetables first, and then cook them in water for a long time to make spinach soup and cabbage soup. In fact, this will boil out a lot of water-soluble vitamins in vegetables, and finally I will eat some fiber, which has no nutritional value. Therefore, it is best for the elderly not to use it? The rotten vegetable soup method. ? Wash first and then cut, stir fry quickly, eat more cold salad, with diverse varieties and deep colors. ? Cooking for the elderly is the secret of 20 words.

Two: eat porridge for a long time

There are many dental diseases in the elderly and tooth defects are common. Some elderly people eat porridge for years because of their poor chewing function, and a few people who pay attention to medicinal diet regard porridge as an auxiliary treatment for diseases. It is observed that the elderly who eat porridge for a long time are generally thinner because of their poor gastric motility. If they eat too much porridge, it is difficult to empty it quickly, and they will feel stomach upset. Compared with the same volume of rice, porridge contains much less rice grains. If you eat porridge for a long time, the total calories and nutrients you consume are not enough to meet the physiological needs of the human body, and it is inevitable that you can't make ends meet.

Therefore, although eating porridge and taking medicine porridge is a way to keep fit, it is not suitable for everyone unless they are very weak or need medical treatment. Old people with dental diseases should be actively treated and their teeth should be filled. Rice is worse than boiled, or you can eat noodles. It is not appropriate to eat porridge for a long time.

Three: The more calcium supplements, the better.

Many elderly people mistakenly think that the more calcium is supplemented, the more calcium is absorbed and the more bones are formed, but this is not the case. Usually, people over 60 need to consume 800 mg of calcium every day. Excessive calcium supplementation can not turn into bones, but will cause complications and endanger the health of the elderly.

The way calcium is absorbed by people is as follows: calcium is absorbed by gastrointestinal tract into blood, forming blood calcium (that is, the content of calcium in blood), and then through bone metabolism, blood calcium is deposited with calcium salt to form bones. It is not that the more calcium you eat, the more bones you form. The content of calcium in blood must be kept at a certain level, neither too much nor too little. Excessive calcium supplementation can lead to hypercalcemia and complications, such as kidney calculi's disease and vascular calcification.

Four: often eat leftovers that are not heated or not hot enough.

Various nutrients in meals will be gradually lost with the extension of storage time, and the longer the time, the more lost. Compared with vitamins, minerals and other micronutrients, the loss of protein and carbohydrates is relatively small, but foods stored for a long time should prevent protein from deteriorating, fatty acids from spoiling and carbohydrates from becoming moldy.

In addition, the probability of nitrosamines produced by leftovers will increase with the extension of storage time. If the food is not heated thoroughly, it is easy to breed microorganisms such as bacteria and cause gastrointestinal diseases. Liu Peng reminded that the gastrointestinal function of the elderly is fragile, so try not to eat leftovers.

The lighter the meal, the better.

With the improvement of living standards, many people also suffer from wealth disease, so more and more people tend to have a light diet. Although there is nothing wrong with this idea, it should not be too extreme. Vegetarians can't eat dishes without meat at all, and they need to eat some meat dishes properly. Nutrition experts remind elderly friends that the diet should be mixed with vegetarian food and not partial to vegetarian food. Eating a little of everything is the best state of human balance of payments.

Elderly care products 1, turn-over bed

For people who stay in bed for a long time, the first thing we think of is the cleaning work of the elderly, how to exercise, and how to massage and scrub the body for the elderly, especially when the elderly are serving another elderly person. It is very difficult to help the elderly in bed. At this time, we will think of buying a nursing bed, which basically has the function of turning over. Convenient nursing. Prevent bedsores. Prices in the market range from 1000 to 10000. According to different functions and materials, the price is also different, and families can choose according to their own situation.

2. Wheelchairs for the elderly

Wheelchairs or defecation wheelchairs are suitable for the elderly who are still awake and not completely disabled, or who can eat by themselves, but can't do other things, such as going to the ground, taking a bath, going to the toilet, etc. People want to breathe fresh air and enjoy the sunshine, so this is the importance of wheelchairs to the elderly. Nurses or children can push the elderly out to bask in the sun, or go for a walk in the park. Wheelchairs are necessary at this time.

3, urine care instrument

Some old people may be delirious, or incontinent, or their children are too busy to be around at all times. At this time, the automatic urine and urine care instrument is very important. It replaces the dirtiest, most tiring and most unwilling work of manual care, automatically senses urine and feces, and then cleans and dries them. There is no smell in the room. At the same time, it also avoids the embarrassment of heterosexual care! At present, there are five or six domestic manufacturers of such products, and the prices range from several thousand to more than 20 thousand. Material, comfort and humanized design are the selling points of this kind of products. Families can choose according to their own needs.

4. crutches

Many people habitually call crutches people? The third leg? Crutches play a very important role in our daily life. Now it is almost an indispensable tool for the elderly. It can not only help the elderly to play an auxiliary role, but also help them to keep fit. Old people nowadays can't live without crutches. Now crutches have a very useful place, which is to help people with inconvenient legs and feet recover. When using them, they can gradually move from difficulty to simplicity, and finally walk normally without crutches.

5. Anti-bedsore air mattress