Before the square dance was hot, the ancient "yangko" dominated the dance forest. "Left hand, right hand, slow motion, right hand, slow motion replay." Simple and casual rhythm, swaying posture, charming dance. So, do you know Fushun Yangko? Follow me to find out!

Fushun local yangko is a Chinese folk dance form with a long history and strong national, folk and regional characteristics, which is mainly spread in Fushun city in the northeast of Liaoning Province.

brief introduction

Fushun Yangko, also known as "Tartars Yangko", is a folk dance form with a long history and strong ethnic, folk and regional characteristics. Fushun Yangko is mainly popular in Fushun area in the northeast of Liaoning Province. Fushun is the hometown of Manchu and the birthplace of Qing Dynasty. After the Qing dynasty unified the whole country, the northeast was relatively stable. On the basis of the original folk dance, Manchu folk continuously absorbed other folk dances, and gradually formed a unique Manchu yangko from performance forms to roles, costumes and dance movements.

It is directly related to the folk dance of Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, there was a dance called "treading hammer" in the Tang Dynasty and a song and dance called "recklessness" in the Ming Dynasty, which had a certain influence on the formation of Fushun Yangko.

The most representative figures in Fushun local yangko are "Tatars" wearing flags and "Kelitui" wearing only fur coats, skewers and various hunting tools (commonly known as "foreign Tatars"). Most of their performances originated from the production and life of Manchu in the primitive state, such as vaulting horse, archery and fighting, and some imitated the movements of eagle, tiger and bear, among which there were many elements of traditional dance.

The squatting, stamping, swinging, shaking and other postures in yangko movements are rich, vigorous and bold, with distinctive characteristics of fishing and hunting life and Eight Banners fighting life. Its accompaniment music draws lessons from the percussion forms of Manchu shaman dance, including "Old Three Points", "Seven Sticks" and "Fast Drum", which is quite different from Han Yangko. Fushun yangko has been circulating in Fushun since the Qing Dynasty and is deeply loved by the masses. According to the investigation of 1986, there were 50 yangko teams at that time, but at present only four yangko teams have a clear origin and pedigree.

kind

There are two main types of Fushun Manchu local yangko, one is from Hebei, which is about the local yangko introduced by internal immigrants; On the other hand, it originated from Manchu traditional folk dance and evolved into Manchu land yangko, also known as "Taiping yangko" and commonly known as "Tartars yangko". Fushun Yangko was formed in the early Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. According to experts' research, the characters and their costumes in Manchu Yangko are not only the embodiment of Manchu lifestyle, but also the artistic embodiment of the Eight Banners system and the unity between the army and the people.

trace the history (of)

Fushun Manchu Yangko, namely Fushun Manchu Yangko, is a Manchu folk dance that spreads in Fushun counties and districts. Fushun Yangko was formed in the early Qing Dynasty and has been passed down to this day. It is directly related to the folk dance of Manchu ancestors. According to historical records, there was a dance called "treading hammer" in the Tang Dynasty and a song and dance called "recklessness" in the Ming Dynasty, which had a certain influence on the formation of Fushun Yangko.

From the rise of Nurhachi in Fushun in the late Ming Dynasty to the formation of Manchu, Manchu people inherited the folk dance "reckless dance" handed down from their ancestors' Jurchen period. In the early years of Kangxi, Vencent Yang, a Han Chinese, lived in Northeast China for a period of time and wrote a brief introduction about Liu Bian. "A Brief History of Liu Bian" (volume 3- 15) records the dance movements and performance forms of "reckless dance" which was circulated at the edge of Liubian (including Fushun area) at that time: "There is a big banquet in Manchuria, and the men and women in the main family will change dances, with one sleeve on the forehead and one sleeve on the back, hovering and posing, saying it is reckless."

After the Qing dynasty unified the whole country, the northeast was relatively stable. On the basis of the original folk dance, Manchu folk continuously absorbed other folk dances, and gradually formed a unique Manchu yangko from performance forms to roles, costumes and dance movements. Some historical materials, such as Brief Introduction to Liu Bian and Fengtian Tongzhi, have detailed descriptions of Manchu Yangko.

1936 "Printed edition of Xingjing County (Xingjing County is now Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County of Fushun City)" records: "On the fifteenth day of the first month, every family offered Yuanxiao, and the villagers made a play called" Song Taiping ",which means that they can drive away evil diseases." "Song Taiping" mentioned in the Records of Yingjing County is not only the Fushun Manchu Yangko, but also the most direct record of Fushun Manchu Yangko in modern local chronicles. In 1980s, when Fushun Manchu folk dance was integrated, it was found that Fushun Manchu Yangko had a long history.

Zhou (deceased) was born in 1926, a Manchu yangko artist in Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County. He studied Manchu yangko at the age of 14. He and the old artist Yang (deceased) once recalled: "We know that the old Tatar Yangko has a history of more than 200 years, mainly because the old Hanwang Nurhachi ascended the throne in Xinbin Hetuala, called Khan, created the Eight Banners, and the army and the people were one. After winning the battle or on holidays, people drink rice wine, sing and dance, and gradually become a local yangko. As soon as the drum music rang, it was led by the Tatar official and twisted and sang. This is also a way to have fun with the people, so' Tatar Yangko' is Manchu Yangko. "

1986, at the judging meeting of China Folk Dance Fusion Fushun Information Book, yangge experts in Liaoning Province made a scientific analysis and appraisal of this folk dance, and thought that it was distinctive Manchu characteristics to hang eight flags on yangge costumes in Fushun area and perform "Thousand Bell Ceremony" and "Waist Holding Ceremony"; The unique movement rhythm-Yang, Squat, Stamp, Pan, Swing and Tremble, has strong characteristics of Manchu fishing and hunting life and social activities, and can be regarded as the representative of Manchu folk dance in Fushun area.

In view of the policy of respecting ethnic minorities, it is not called "Tatar Yangko" but officially named "Manchu Yangko". As can be seen from the above historical data, Fushun Manchu Yangko has a long history of formation and development.

Artistic feature

There used to be two kinds of Manchu local yangko in Fushun. One is the local yangko, which originated in Hebei and was introduced into Fushun by customs immigrants. One is Manchu Yangko, which originated from Manchu traditional folk dance and evolved and merged. Fushun local yangko refers to "Fushun Manchu local yangko", also known as "Song Taiping" and commonly known as "Tartars yangko".

The most representative figures in Fushun local yangko are "Tatars" wearing flags and "Kelitui" wearing only fur coats, skewers and various hunting tools (commonly known as "foreign Tatars"). Most of their performances originated from the production and life of Manchu in the primitive state, such as vaulting horse, archery and fighting, and some imitated the movements of eagle, tiger and bear, among which there were many elements of traditional dance. The squatting, stamping, swinging, shaking and other postures in yangko movements are rich, vigorous and bold, with distinctive characteristics of fishing and hunting life and Eight Banners fighting life. Its accompaniment music draws lessons from the percussion forms of Manchu shaman dance, including "Old Three Points", "Seven Sticks" and "Fast Drum", which is quite different from Han Yangko.

Dress up props

Fushun Manchu Yangko's main characters and their costumes and props are:

Tatar officials, commonly known as "Li Tatar" and "Master". The leader of the dance team usually has two "Tartars" in the dance team. They are wearing tassels, arrows, colored trousers, yellow jackets, red skirts, waist bands and black boots. Waving a flying broom and carrying a broadsword.

Clitu, commonly known as "Dalai Lama" and "Vomiting Monks". The characters wipe their faces, wear felt hats, turn their backs on fur coats and trousers, hang a string of bells on their sides, and beat the venue with their long hands to maintain order.

The baton puller is responsible for communication, paddling and marching, wearing a cool hat, an arrow coat, colorful pants, a waist hoop, fast boots and holding willow branches.

There is no limit to the number of female roles in tops and dance teams. They are dressed in "Huashan" and dressed casually. They use bright quilts as skirts, distinguish flags with different colors, and hold fans and handkerchiefs.

Download, there is no limit to the number of male roles in the dance team, and they can dress up freely and wear various bags and ribbons. Show their flags.

give a performance

Fushun Manchu Yangko performances are generally like this:

Yangko teams usually gather in designated spacious and flat places to perform. The dance team is led by the Tatar official, followed by the staff. Men and women are divided into two rows, and other figures pass through. After the dance team entered the venue, the Tatar official held a ceremony of "seeing the ceremony", and under the Kritu whip field, the Tatar official led the team to "walk in the array". After the "March", it was the climax of the performance. Finally, the Tatar official led a team to pay tribute to the Manchu people, and after paying tribute to the master, you can "walk the array" and "circle the field" again, and have fun again.

Artistic feature

Fushun Manchu local yangko inherited the folk dance prototypes of Manchu ancestors, such as "treading hammer" and "mangshi", and absorbed the advantages of Han Yangko, which gradually evolved and developed. It has its own remarkable characteristics in characters, performers, etiquette, costumes, scenes, movements and so on, with the characteristics of being hot, bold, rough and unrestrained. Fushun Manchu Yangko can be summarized as "Yang, Squat, Swing and Tremble" in dance rhythm, with unique style and vivid performance. In the middle period, "Dachang-Walking Array" and "Xiaochang-Two-person Field" and folk stories formed a series of Yangko, which reproduced the folk customs of Manchu ancestors based on heroic and skillful riding and shooting with their big waves and hovering postures.

Fushun Manchu Yangko's drum music accompaniment has more national characteristics, and the gongs and drums are called "Old Three Points", which originated from the drum-grabbing style of Manchu folk sacrifice and dancing.

Manchu ancestors lived in mountainous areas all the year round, and hunting and fighting were the main life forms. The national characteristics of Fushun Manchu land yangko are the dynamic expression of their lifestyle. The main characteristics of Fushun Manchu Yangko are: arm in front, arm in back, stretching and spreading. The basic shapes are upper body shaking, lower body bending, staggered feet and ups and downs, which are closely related to the lifestyle of Manchu ancestors.

Its dance rhythm can be summarized as: lifting, squatting, stamping, rolling, swinging and trembling. For example, "Yang" is the action of both arms, which is characterized by a wide range, unrestrained stretching and great exertion. The anecdote of the Qing Palace says that "Manchu dance is full of vigor and vitality", which means that hunting and fighting for the nation are the basic characteristics. Another example is "squatting", which refers to a man's half squatting, with his knees bent about 90 degrees and moving with the rhythm. Steady modeling is a true portrayal of Manchu people who are good at riding and shooting, waving bows and arrows, jumping into the array, bending over and retreating, and leaning back and forth.

In the old days, when the Manchu yangko team performed, they gathered first and then went to "worship the temple". The big temple performed in the temple and the small temple performed in front of it. If the foreign village yangko team comes, the local Manchu officials should immediately lead the team out of the village to meet at the entrance of the village and start the "ceremony" before the performance can begin. Without this custom, "Jianli" has become an indispensable performance content in Fushun Manchu Yangko. Later, when the custom of worshipping the temple at the entrance of the village gradually disappeared, the yangko dance team usually performed in the designated spacious and flat venue.

According to experts' research, the characters and their costumes in Manchu Yangko are not only the embodiment of Manchu lifestyle, but also the artistic embodiment of the Eight Banners system and the unity between the army and the people.

Manchu yangko, popular in Fushun, originated from Manchu dance. Although in the long history, Manchu and Han people have lived together for a long time, and their economies and cultures have merged with each other, especially the frequent exchange of folk arts, Manchu folk art activities have a strong Han color, but the content, form and performance skills of Manchu Yangko still remain the basic features of Manchu who are good at riding and shooting, brave in fighting, hardworking in production and frugal in life. Due to the particularity of the living environment, different schools of Manchu yangko appeared under the condition of consistent basic rhythm. For example, Huangqi Township (formerly known as Matanggou) in Fushun Xinbin Manchu Autonomous County is characterized by "prancing horse style".

Inheriting meaning

Fushun Manchu local yangko artistically reproduces the Manchu national spirit of advocating martial arts and paying attention to etiquette by using unique forms of expression. It reflects the Eight Banners system and the tradition of having fun with the army and the people through character setting and dress, and is an important carrier of Manchu folk traditional culture. Using unique dance movements, it artistically reflects the national style of Manchu people who have worked and lived in mountainous areas for generations, with hunting and exploration as their basic content. It is a living fossil of Manchu ancestors' production and lifestyle. It is precisely because it is the most representative form of artistic expression in Manchu folk art, which embodies the value of history, culture, art and inheritance, so it has been passed down from generation to generation.

However, Fushun Manchu Yangko is on the verge of survival crisis. In the last century, the inheritance of Fushun Manchu Yangko was mainly the overall inheritance of villages and community people. There are also some family inheritance and mentoring inheritance. When a comprehensive survey of ethnic and folk dances was conducted in 1980s, there were still more than 50 Manchu yangko teams in Fushun.

Now there are very few pure traditional Manchu yangko, and even there are no activities in previous festivals. Occasionally, some celebrations are dressed in Manchu costumes, without the traditional content and artistic characteristics of Manchu Yangko. In addition, the old Manchu yangko artists have passed away, and the existing few old artists are also old and sick, so the Manchu yangko is facing the situation of being lost. Especially because a large number of Manchu compatriots have been sinicized, young adults have little contact with Manchu traditional culture, and the important carrier of Manchu traditional culture-Manchu yangko is on the verge of extinction.

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