At that time, Dan Li, Shili and Saddle Towers produced by Li nationality were well-known at home and abroad, and the cotton textile technology was advanced. Huang Daopo is smart and diligent, and humbly learns textile technology from her Li compatriots. He learned from the local Li people the method of weaving the cliff quilt with cotton-making tools, which combined the advantages of textile technology of Li and Han nationalities, and gradually became an excellent textile expert, which was very popular in the local area and formed a deep friendship with Li people. After living in the Li nationality area for nearly 30 years, Huang Daopo misses his hometown. During the Yuan Dynasty, about 1295, she returned to her hometown from Yazhou and returned to Wunijing. By the time Huang Daopo returned to his hometown, cotton planting had been widely spread in the Yangtze River valley, but the textile technology was still very backward. When she came back, She devoted herself to transforming backward cotton textile production tools in her hometown. With decades of rich textile experience, she taught her exquisite weaving skills to the people in her hometown without reservation, and taught them to "make tools for defense, elastic, spinning and weaving", such as seedless agitator, elastic cotton arch, three-spindle pedal spinning wheel and so on. "People are taught, arguing, transferring goods to other counties, and the family is Yin." (See Record of Dropping Out of Farming in Nancun) The cotton textile machinery and technology taught by Huang Daopo changed the poverty in my hometown. Although she died a few years after returning to her hometown, her efforts promoted the rapid development of the local cotton textile industry.
Huang Daopo said, "Songjiang Prefecture is five miles east of Wunijing, where the land is barren and the people can't eat. Because I seek tree art and make a living by capital, I found a plant there (Fujian and Guangxi). At the beginning, there was no system of stepping on the vertebral arch, and the rate of amputation was cut off by hand. The string bamboo arc is placed in the case room, and it is very difficult to shake it. " When talking about kapok in "The Edge of Mirror Flowers", Hu Sansheng said: "There are many kapok in the south of the Yangtze River ... The natives use iron collars to grind off its core, use it as cotton and use bamboo as a small bow, which is four or five inches long. Pull the string to play cotton, make it even and thin, roll it into a small tube, and then spin it. " It is known that even in Jiangnan, where the cotton textile industry is developed, seeds are still removed by hand or iron collars, and only tools such as string bamboo bows or small bamboo bows and small spinning wheels are available. As for the vast area north of the Yangtze River, according to the Summary of Agriculture and Mulberry compiled by the Agriculture and Forestry Department of the Yuan Dynasty, "When the seeds are dried, they are dried with a stick, which is two feet long and as thick as a finger, and the two ends are tapered like a cake rolling pin, and a pear board is used as a bed. Then spin cotton seeds on the board and spin them out with iron bars, which is clean cotton. Knit wool. Or cotton-padded jacket. Especially warm. " There are no tools except iron bars and boards. So the efficiency was very low at that time, and it took three or four people to spin to meet the needs of a loom.
Huang Daopo and the carpenter, after repeated experiments, changed the pedal spinning wheel for spinning hemp into a three-spindle cotton spinning wheel. The spinning efficiency is improved by two or three times at once, and the operation is also very labor-saving. Therefore, this new type of spinning wheel is easily accepted by everyone and quickly popularized in Songjiang area. Huang Daopo not only made an important contribution to the reform of cotton spinning tools, but also combined the weaving technology she learned from Li people with her own practical experience. Summarized into a set of more advanced weaving technologies such as "wrong yarn, color matching, heald and wadding" and enthusiastically taught them to people. Therefore, at that time, cotton fabrics such as quilts, mattresses, belts and quilts produced by Wunijing were all "vividly painted" with broken branches, flocks of phoenix, chess games and words. After Huang Daopo, the cotton spinning tools were mixers, that is, treadmills, which were used to remove cottonseed instead of iron bars. Slingshot, four feet long, is several times larger than Hu Sansheng's "four or five inches long", which improves the efficacy; Taking bamboo as a bow and rope as a string is more powerful than using strings; Roll a feast, roll cotton into a tube with knotless bamboo strips; Spinning wheel, bigger than in the past, smaller than spinning ramie, can be spun into three bursts; Pull the cart, put the spun cotton in a thin paste pot, and pull it on the cart when it is slightly dry; Sewing, use it to divide cotton thread; The wire rack is used for guiding the wires to the vehicle. The cotton loom in Yuan Dynasty is a shuttle loom used for weaving hemp, which has rods, rafters and winding devices.
Huang Daopo uses a jacquard loom, and her textile products can be "wrong yarn, color matching, heddle and jacquard", and "the words" broken branches, phoenix and chess "are written on it." Explain that the tools are advanced and the technology is complex. For a time, the "black mud well quilt" spread like wildfire, and nearby Shanghai, Taicang and other places competed to follow suit. These textiles are exported to all parts of the world and are very popular. Soon, Songjiang became the center of cotton industry in China, and this situation lasted for hundreds of years. /kloc-At the beginning of the 6th century, local farmers knitted tens of thousands of pieces of cloth a day. From18th century to19th century, Songjiang cloth was exported to Europe and America and gained a high reputation. At that time, it was called "clothes all over the world", which of course condensed Huang Daopo's painstaking efforts.
"Huang, Huang, teach me yarn, teach me cloth, two bobbins and two pieces of cloth." This is a ballad handed down from generation to generation by the working people in Shanghai. This ballad expresses people's gratitude for Huang Daopo's outstanding contribution to cotton textile technology. Huang Daopo's great contribution to cotton textile technology has won the deep love and permanent memory of the local working people. After Huang Daopo's death, people held a grand public burial for her, and built an ancestral temple for her in Wunijing Town, named Mianmiao. Later, many other places also built monuments and shrines for her, and carved her brilliant achievements on the monuments. Huang Daopo is an outstanding example of hardworking, intelligent, friendly and selfless working women in ancient China, and her name and achievements will be remembered forever.