1. Among the many nucleotides that make up these two genes, only one nucleotide difference can determine "fat" or "thin". If a gene contains cytosine, it is a fat gene and thymine, it is a thin gene. Scientists can switch any nucleotide of these two genes at will, and make artificial directional interference to create "fat" or "thin" genes, thus obtaining fat or thin mouse models. In other words, mice with thymine lean gene can avoid dietary taboos and will not gain weight, while mice with cytosine fat gene will gain weight when fed with water.
2. In the experiment of human adipocytes, it is found that these two genes directly act on the thermogenic mechanism of adult "white" adipocytes, and determine the size and number of adipocytes in the body and the degree of obesity. However, previous studies believed that the thermogenic mechanism only existed in the "brown" adipocytes of human infancy or mice, and there were almost no brown adipocytes in adults. This clarifies a misleading view that once obesity is formed or white blood cells accumulate in large quantities, it is difficult to eliminate it. Or painstakingly make a fuss about the transition between "white and brown", the result is of course useless.
3. These two genes directly regulate the thermogenic mechanism of white adipocytes without going through the brain. That is, it directly directs the thermogenic mechanism in white fat cells, either burning fat or storing fat for later use (weight gain).
Then, what causes some people to eat very little in daily life, but they are still fat and can't lose weight, while others eat too much but are not fat? In fact, the reason lies in the level of basal metabolism. Basal metabolism maintains the most basic life activity, which is the energy metabolism rate of the human body when it is awake and extremely quiet, and is not affected by muscle activity, environmental temperature, food and mental stress.
Normal people spend 65% to 70% of their energy on basic metabolism, another 65,438+00% on food intake and digestion, and the remaining 65,438+05% to 30% on activities. The energy in our body mainly comes from the food we eat every day. It can be inferred that if the energy we consume from food exceeds the energy we can consume every day, the excess energy will become fat and be stored in the body, and the weight will gradually increase; On the contrary, the weight will gradually decrease.
Because basal metabolism accounts for 65% to 70% of daily energy consumption, people with high basal metabolism will not be obese, and people with low basal metabolism will be overweight or obese under the same energy intake.
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