On October 8th, 65438, the Central Committee and the State Council issued the Outline of Ecological Protection and High-quality Development Planning for the Yellow River Basin (hereinafter referred to as the Outline). This 25,000-word "programmatic document" entrusts three megacities, Xi, Zhengzhou and Jinan, and at the same time emphasizes "promoting megacities to slim down and keep fit" twice.
The only "same frame" of the three cities is expressed as "supporting Xi, Zhengzhou, Jinan and other big cities along the Yellow River to establish institutional mechanisms that are in line with international rules and standards, speeding up the facilitation of investment and trade, attracting and gathering global high-quality factors, strengthening the function of international exchanges, and building the Yellow River Basin. "
The focus is on the big cities along the Yellow River.
Image source: Cao, Wang, Dong Deli, urban development quality evaluation and radiation measurement along the Yellow River.
According to the Notice on Adjusting the Standard of Urban Size Division issued by the State Council on 20 14, cities with a permanent population of 1 10,000 but less than 5 million are big cities, of which 3 million and less than 5 million are type I cities and 1 10,000 and less than 3 million are type II cities; Cities with more than 5 million/kloc and less than 0/00000 are megacities; Cities with more than100000 are megacities.
The newly released list of "7 14" megacities has not disappeared. Are the newly listed Zhengzhou and Jinan about to be "downgraded"? Where should we start to promote slimming and fitness, reduce production and increase efficiency along the megacities of Huang? More importantly, it is obvious that it is not only the megacities along the Yellow River that need to lose weight and keep fit, reduce production and increase efficiency when entering the stage of high-quality development.
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As a major national strategy, the significance of promoting ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has been emphasized many times, so I won't repeat it here. Interested friends can search related reports in the background.
Today, I only talk about "slimming and keeping fit". Let's get to know the background first-
Chapter 10 of the Outline, "Building a New Pattern of Regional Urban and Rural Development", is elaborated as: giving full play to regional comparative advantages, promoting mega-cities to slim down and keep fit, building large and medium-sized cities in an orderly manner, promoting the urbanization of county towns to strengthen and supplement the weak, implementing the rural revitalization strategy in depth, and building a development pattern with regional and urban-rural characteristics, mutual coordination and mutual promotion.
Among them, the first section, "Building Urban Agglomeration along the Yellow River with High Quality and High Standard", mentioned: strengthening the constraints of ecological environment and water resources and the control of urban development boundaries, preventing the disorderly expansion of cities, and promoting slimming and fitness, reducing quantity and increasing efficiency in megacities along the Yellow River.
Comparing the cities mentioned in the Outline and the list of megacities recently published by the National Bureau of Statistics, "megacities along the Yellow River" include Xi 'an, Jin 'an and Zhengzhou.
These three cities are all members of the "GDP Trillion Club" and are all provincial capitals, while Xi 'an and Zhengzhou are also named as "national central cities". But nationwide, the scale of the three cities is actually not very large.
Why do you want to promote their "slimming and increasing efficiency"?
On the one hand, there is the particularity of the Yellow River basin-the Yellow River is not only "sick", but the biggest contradiction in the basin lies in the shortage of water resources.
"Because of the restrictive and binding characteristics of water resources, there has always been a principle, that is,' the city is based on water'." Yao Chen, vice-president and secretary-general of China Regional Economics Association, said in an interview that on the whole, the problem of water shortage in cities along the Yellow River is more obvious.
Li Guoping, president of Peking University Capital Development Research Institute, also mentioned in an interview that the biggest difference between the Yellow River and the Yangtze River is the lack of water, drought and fragile ecology, especially in the lower reaches, many of which have become rivers on the ground. "So in this case, the protection of the Yellow River is bound to be related to the intensive and efficient development of cities in the basin."
In other words, to promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, as a "locomotive" megacity, it should play a leading role in realizing the high-quality development of the city and take an efficient and intensive road.
In Li Guoping's view, this is a prerequisite under the background that the outline emphasizes "preventing spread", and emphasizes efficient development and land use value. "So I don't think this is the concept of bringing Xi and Zhengzhou back," he told Uncle Cheng, but urban space doesn't necessarily need expansion, and excessive expansion is not a good thing. "
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In 2020, Xi 'an completed two upgrades: the economic scale reached 1002039 billion yuan and joined the "trillion GDP club"; In the past ten years, the resident population has increased by 4485 1 000, making it one of the top ten most populous cities in China.
2065438+ 1 2009, Jinan and Laiwu merged, and the GDP accounted for more than 10% of Shandong Province, ranking second in the province. In 2020, Jinan's GDP exceeded the trillion mark;
20 18, Zhengzhou was officially selected as the "Trillion Club". At the same time, the resident population exceeded10 million, and the per capita GDP exceeded 654.38+10,000 yuan. Zhengzhou once shouted "Please call me a megacity".
There is population on one side and land on the other. It's not just the Yellow River valley that promotes slimming and fitness in megacities.
The question is, how to "slim down"? How much less? A number of interviewed experts mentioned "border control", delineating urban boundaries and not expanding in disorder.
Yao Chen believes that "this' slimming' can't be artificially reducing the total population". "Because people have come in, it is impossible to reject them any more." According to his understanding, it will mainly "reduce" land supply, strictly control the scale and intensity of development, and efficiently use limited land for civil construction.
Take Beijing as an example, as the first city that explicitly put forward "diminishing development", the control of construction land is very strict-not zero growth, but negative growth.
"Reducing development is high-quality development, not development. It reduces the consumption of land and increases the output of unit land. In general, the economy is still growing. " Li Guoping stressed, "But it is very difficult."
In fact, in recent years, the scale of big cities has been expanding. "Like Jinan, Zhengzhou and Xi 'an, the original scale was not very large, but it did develop rapidly in recent years. "Xiao Jincheng, a researcher at China Macroeconomic Research Institute, said that there is a trend of accelerating agglomeration in major cities, but it is easy to cause many problems as they get bigger.
In his view, planning and building a modern metropolitan area will be a direction of "slimming and strengthening the body, reducing quantity and increasing efficiency", allowing some functions to touch the surrounding cities, forming closer industrial and economic ties and realizing the transformation of spatial organization.
"Both national spatial planning and metropolitan area planning emphasize the boundaries of cities and limit the spread and spread of cities, which is also a main purpose of planning." Xiao Jincheng said.
Ni Pengfei, director of the Center for Urban and Competitive Research of China Academy of Social Sciences, told Cheng Shu during the interview that many megacities, including some along the Yellow River, have problems of large scale, high density and excessive development intensity, while the level of core functions is still relatively low.
"Therefore, it leads to excessive agglomeration, which in turn leads to' one city is the only one' and a serious' urban disease'. It also polarized the central city and surrounding cities between urban and rural areas, distorting the spatial allocation of resources, which not only affected the development of surrounding cities, but also hindered the transformation and upgrading of the central city of the central city. "
He pointed out that by slimming down and reducing the burden, we can achieve "gathering in China and dispersing in China", improve the energy level of central cities, expand the energy level of metropolitan areas and urban agglomerations, realize the external economic effects of the center and its surrounding areas, and realize the prosperity of * * * after getting rich first.