There are 39 ethnic minorities in Luzhou, including 15 and 193, with a population of about 70,000, accounting for 1.5‰ of the total population of the city and1%of the scattered ethnic minorities in the province. Among them, there are more than 5,600 Miao people, more than 8,000 Yi people, more than 800 Hui people/kloc-0, more than 300 Manchu people, more than 200 Tujia people and more than 0/00 Tibetan people. There are 9 ethnic townships and 174 ethnic villages in the municipal area. Shiping Township, Gulin County enjoys ethnic treatment (Yi people live in compact communities). This paper mainly introduces the folk customs of Miao nationality. Dazhai, the melodious land of Lusheng and Shangri-La in the west of Gu Lin, has beautiful natural scenery, rich folk customs, profound national culture and rich tourism and forest resources. There are 45,000 mu of natural forests and artificial forests in the township, with a log stock of 360,000 cubic meters and a forest coverage rate of 40%. There are wild goats, wild boar, thorns, roe deer, badger pigs and other mammals in the forest; All kinds of wild birds and pheasants inhabit it; Wild ginseng, gastrodia elata, Polygonum Multiflori Radix, Eucommiae Cortex. There are also fresh wild fruits such as Miocene growing. Wild mushrooms such as Dictyophora dictyophora, Tricholoma giganteum, exotic flowers and herbs such as orchids, and high-quality Chinese medicinal materials such as Pennisetum, Cortex Phellodendri, Atractylodis Rhizoma, Eucommiae Cortex and Coptidis Rhizoma. Miao people call themselves "Mu", "Meng", "Mo" and "Mao", while some areas call themselves "Gan Ao", "Guo Xiong", "Dai" and "Answer a few". Also known as "long skirt seedlings", "red seedlings", "seedlings" and "flower seedlings". After the founding of the people's Republic of China, it was collectively called Miao nationality. Miao language Miao people have their own language, belonging to the Miao language branch of Miao Yao language family of Sino-Tibetan language family. Originally, there were no national characters, but Latin pinyin characters were created in the late 1950s. Nowadays, most people use Chinese. Music and dance have a long history, and Lusheng dance, which is loved by the masses, is highly skilled. Arts and Crafts Miao people's embroidery, brocade, batik, jewelry making and other arts and crafts are colorful and enjoy a high reputation in the world. Festivals There are many Miao festivals, such as Miao Year, Spring Festival, Mountain Treading Festival, April 8th, Chinese New Year Festival and Flower Jumping. 1, Mountain Treading Festival, another name: Huashan Festival, flower pole land; Time: from the first day to the fifteenth day of the first month of each year; Significance: Pray for the peace and prosperity of Miao people. During the festival, Miao compatriots dressed in costumes went to the wide lawn near the village to dance lions, swing, play bamboo leaves and flute. People also put up a "flower pole" dyed red and blue with 12 knots on the mountain to show their prayers to heaven. Young men and women seek lifelong partners in this song and dance carnival and pray for God's blessing. The Mountain Treadmill Festival lasted for three days, during which Miao Village sang and danced. 2. Stealing relatives is a marriage custom of "stealing relatives" among Miao people. When young men and women get to know each other many times by "sitting with sisters (talking about love) and singing", they will give gifts to each other to prepare for marriage. If the woman's parents object to this marriage, they will take the method of "stealing relatives". On the night of "stealing relatives", the woman first hid her daily necessities about half a mile away from home, and then waited for the arrival of the man at home. As night falls, the man and his good friends go to the woman's house to "sit with him" as usual. Late at night, the man left, and the woman pretended to be reluctant to part with her brother, so she took out her things from her hiding place and went to the man's home together. The next day, the woman's parents knew that her daughter was "stolen" by the man. On the third day, the groom appointed an elderly man to take three kinds of gifts-chicken, duck and eggs, and went to Fang Jia to complain and apologize to his parents. If the woman's parents accept the gift, it means that they have basically agreed to this marriage, then discuss the wedding; If you refuse, the wedding will no longer be held, just register with the government. This marriage custom of "stealing relatives" has been passed down among Miao people for hundreds of years. It is a way for Miao youth to fight for freedom of marriage and resist the feudal arranged marriage system, and it has been passed down to this day. 3. Eating Cattle Festival "Eating Cattle Festival" is the most solemn ancient custom of Miao family. Tracing back to the source, we can understand that this festival is not so much a sacrifice to God as a challenge to God and a review of man's power to conquer God. 4. xuyong county and Gulin counties are popular for catching seedlings. It is held twice a year on February 13 and July 3 of the lunar calendar. According to legend, the origin of Miaochang was formed by the Miao people after an uprising failed. The government won't let them be together. People secretly contacted each other in the name of playing Lusheng on the dam, and later it gradually evolved into a fixed festival. 5. Ribbon Festival is popular in Xia Dong, xuyong county. It is held on the fifth day of the second lunar month every year. At that time, dozens of young men and women in Fiona Fang. If both parties like it, they can give each other belts as engagement gifts. Those who repent afterwards can claim back their belts and dissolve the relationship. Miao taboo 1. Taboos of living customs In some Miao areas, washing and drinking retort, rice bags and rice pots are forbidden at any time, and only when eating new rice means that the old rice has passed away, and new rice is welcome. Washing at any time will wash away the family wealth and there is not enough food. Drinking raw water in the mountains should not be directly drunk. You must mark the grass first to show that you are killing sick ghosts. Don't touch other people's clothes on the roadside, so as not to catch leprosy. Avoid children playing with small bows and arrows at home for fear of shooting their ancestors. Avoid crossing the child's head, or the child will not grow tall. It is forbidden for women to sit on a bench with their elders. 2. Funeral taboo In some Miao areas, it is forbidden for men to die during the day and women to die at night. They think the time is wrong, and the deceased must be accompanied by another opposite sex. Therefore, he was unwell when he died. When he lost his family, he often asked the wizard to say a spell and then "change". At the same time, he made a palm-sized wooden coffin to be buried with him, indicating that he had a companion. Avoid putting non-silver metals such as iron and copper, cotton and things coated with tung oil in the coffin, thinking that the dead can't buy water to drink on their way back to the east, and the iron and copper will be tossed to death. In some Miao areas, on the Day of the Dead in the village, you can go to work, but don't go to work in the fields. On that day, people in the same village should avoid collecting firewood and go home, otherwise the firewood collectors will have disaster. During the suspension of classes, family members are forbidden to eat vegetables. After burial 1 month, nothing in the house may be sold or borrowed. 3. Farming taboo When Miao people return to the fields for the first time every year, it is forbidden to meet outsiders. If they meet, they are forbidden to say hello. When planting seedlings, if you see fish in the Miao Di, don't say fish, or the fish will eat the roots of the seedlings. When some villages harvest millet, the ears are small and they are not harvested. If children ask, don't say "no", say "they haven't grown up yet", otherwise Xiaomi will refuse to grow again because of sadness. Don't mention mice in Tanaka, for fear of hearing them destroy crops, you can only call them "their father and son" instead. Avoid May Day. After the first month in beginning of spring, avoid breaking ground and carrying water on May Day. 4, avoid maternity, avoid outsiders entering the room. The wrong person should wash his feet and drink a bowl of cold water when going out to prevent the maternal milk from being "trampled dry". Maternal avoid eating old beef, pork, pheasant, small fish, vegetables, peppers and so on. In some Miao areas, it is forbidden for pregnant women to meet pregnant women or go to other delivery rooms, otherwise the delivery period will be prolonged. 5. Other Miao people pay attention to truth and sincerity, and are very enthusiastic, and most of them avoid glitz and hypocrisy. Host Lu Yu guests don't take the first step, don't walk in front; Use honorifics in conversation; Welcome guests to wear holiday clothes; For distinguished guests, wine is welcome outside the village; When the guest arrives at the door, the host will call the door and inform the hostess at home that she will sing and open the door to welcome the guests; In front of the guests, the hostess does not climb upstairs; At the banquet, chickens and ducks are the most precious delicacies, especially the heart and liver. It should be given to the guests or the elderly first, and then the guests will share it with you. The order is first long and then small. Guests should not call the host "Miao Zi"; They prefer to call themselves "Meng". It is forbidden to kill and beat dogs and not to eat dog meat; You can't sit in the Miao ancestral hall, and you can't step on the tripod on the kang with your feet; Do not whistle at home or at night; Can't shoot ash and eat chaff baked by fire; No bound Miao people are allowed to be used when frolicking; Don't enter the house when straw hats, branches or wedding and funeral ceremonies are hung on the door; Lu Yu is newly married, so don't wait in the middle. Miaoguan 1. Marriage and love customs Miao people practice monogamy. In the old society, most marriages were arranged by parents, and they were free to fall in love before marriage. They choose their spouses through social forms such as "traveling", "sitting on the elder sister", "sitting in the village", "meeting girls" and "stepping on the moon". In the past, the custom of "robbing marriage" was popular everywhere. In Xiangxi, Guizhou and other places, it is popular to give priority to marrying aunts and uncles. In some areas, there are customs such as "changing houses", "marrying a wife and sister" and "not leaving a husband's family after marriage". 2. Architectural style Due to long-term scattered residence, different regions have their own characteristics. Houses are mostly wood structures with tile, fir bark or thatched roofs, and thin slate roofs are mostly used in central or western Guizhou. Mountainous areas are mostly diaojiao buildings; Hainan Island and Zhaotong, Yunnan Province are inhabited by long thatched houses or "fork houses" built with cross trunks; Xiangxi area is full of stone houses. The legend of Miao people's millstone swing Long, long ago, Vivi girl was smart and beautiful. She painted flowers and flying butterflies. The flowers she embroidered are so fragrant that even butterflies fly around. One day, Miao Niang was sitting at the door embroidering shoes. Suddenly, a rock eagle took the shoes away. On this day, the warrior Baguidaya was hunting on the mountain and shot down the rock eagle. The shoes held by Yan Ying deeply touched the young man, and he fell in love with the girl with embroidered shoes. In order to find this girl, Bagui changed a swing for one person into a millstone swing for eight people. The news came that on the Mid-Autumn Festival, Miao people from far and near, old and young, gathered at Xiang Qiu Yard. On this day, my mother also came to see eight people sitting on the millstone swing. Singing and singing, Baguida finally found Mi Niang, and the two hit it off and formed a good marriage. Since then, whenever fruits and vegetables are ripe and the autumn festival comes, Miao people will set up swings to celebrate festivals and choose good companions.